英語(yǔ)論文中西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日文化的差異

1、.Culture Differences and AbstractTraditional festivals are the historical products of a nations development. Whether in which long of more five or in newborn America, the origination of in the similar.Most traditional festivals originated from peoples expectation for harvest in the the worship the g

2、ods and the nature, the historical characters and etc. After the long-term traditional festivals become an part of traditional the of a the national spirits can observed. Since the time, China has been a large the small-scale economic mode known as “The men plough and the women weave initiated civil

3、ization of characteristics. Chinese traditional deeply in the civilization greatly influenced by some Chinese have from taboos be happy reflect the concept of harmony and integration in Confucia In America, religion plays a very important role in peoples life. With the of is complicated, which is of

4、 Some traditional festivals the direct of Christianity have evolved into religious festivals is designed to discuss differences customs, other aspects of festivals with the similar cultural lying behind differences and finally the cultural differences of two also analyzes fusion in between the Key T

5、raditional cultural causes; mutual .中西方傳節(jié)日文化的異摘傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日是一個(gè)民族發(fā)展的歷史產(chǎn)物論是在有著五千多年悠長(zhǎng)歷史的中國(guó)還 是在新生的美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的起源都顯示出相通之處大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日都源自于 人們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活中對(duì)豐收的期盼對(duì)天地神靈和自然的崇拜以與對(duì)歷史人 物的祭奠等等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日在長(zhǎng)期的演變和發(fā)展中已經(jīng)成為民族文化不可或缺的 一部分透過(guò)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日可以反映一個(gè)民族的文化特色和民族精神中國(guó)自古以來(lái) 就是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)耕女織的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式開創(chuàng)了具有中國(guó)特色的農(nóng)耕文 化國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日深深植根于耕文化之中演變過(guò)程中深受儒家思想的影響。 從某種程度而言中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日已經(jīng)漸漸擺脫

6、原始禁忌和崇拜演化成為體現(xiàn)儒 家和合思想的歡慶祥和的節(jié)日。在美國(guó)，XX 影響和地位是不言而喻的，美國(guó) 的 XX 體系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜其中最有影響力的 XX 派別是基督教美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日大 都衍化成為基督教的產(chǎn)物多數(shù)的美國(guó)節(jié)日在日后的發(fā)展中都成為 XX 性的節(jié) 日本文從兩國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中有著相似文化內(nèi)涵的節(jié)日出發(fā)探討這些傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日在 起源節(jié)日習(xí)俗等方面的差異并分析產(chǎn)生這些差異的原因從而折射出兩國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日文化的差異。另外本文也探討了中西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的相互融合。原創(chuàng)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文 請(qǐng)咨關(guān)鍵詞：傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日；中美文化；差異；根源；相互融合.Contents1. 2. between Chinese Traditional F

7、estivals2.1 The Thanksgiving Day2.2 The Halloween2.3 The Chinese Valentines Day vs. Valentines Day2.4 Summary3. Major Causing between Western Traditional 3.1 Influencing Traditional Festivals CivilizationConfucianism3.2 Major Western Traditional IndustrializationChristianity4. Mutual Between Western

8、 Traditional Holidays4.1 The development of Mutual 4.2 The of the Mutual Fusion5. Conclusion. Differences of Chinese Festivals is a multi-ethnic nation, with the nationality accounting for of total population and ethnic minorities in minority 2002). According to Tan (2003), in or regions some of the

9、ir own, all the the most typical celebrated by Chinese in of these the Festival, Festival, Day, Dragon-Boat Festival, the Chinese Valentines Day, Zhongyuan Festival, Mid the Festival, Winter Solstice, the Festival, and Kitchen Festival, etc.Different from China, America multi-cultural nation with th

10、e taking large of from live and cultures brought with them melt the culture (Wu, 2003; Hu, In system of American traditional there are festivals originating in festivals from the foreign lands. The festivals in can divided the legal traditional besides, a few of 2005). In according Samovar popular t

11、raditional festivals the following ones: Yea rs Day,Valentine Day, St. Patricks Day, All Fools Day, Mothers Day, Father Day, Thanksgiving Day, etc.According to the folklorists research, traditional festivals in different societies from such ions as peoples expectation for a bountiful harvest in the

12、primitive worship towards gods the sacrifices so on, and it is deny that traditional festivals display cultural 2001; Ni 2003). In the world with globalization a pace,.communication people different is more in the of technological others. In a context different cultures, misunderstandings and are li

13、kely to arise in the of communication when there awareness of cultural values and beliefs. Therefore, the understanding of cultural differences is of cross-cultural communication. to investigate cultural in festivals in China America the analysis traditional festivals in the two cultures with simila

14、r cultural Traditional festivals, as an integral of national possess rich cultural To some extent, traditional festivals are sublimation of human beings cognition and emotions toward the world and in thelight of of human beings, it is no there are festivals in the two cultures with cultural connotat

15、ions 2001). However, behind similar cultural connotations of traditional festivals, origins customs of these festivals are differentiated, cultural differences of nations.2.1 The Spring Festival DayThe Festival in Day in both festivals for family to reunite to strengthen the family The Festival bigg

16、est festival observed by Chinese However, in the beginning, the “spring not held to past year welcome the Chinese Lunar New Year, but to celebrate the coming of “Spring (the solar (Chen Lu, 1989). F when “Spring Commence which seemed the coming of spring, farmers sow seeds in the farmland. as the ol

17、d saying goes that “The whole years work. good start in spring (Xiao, 2002). Concerning the origin ofThanksgiving it should be to the In history, first thanksgiving had to date to In a group of pilgrims who to escape religious persecution reached Plymouth by May Flower 2004). As soon as settled down

18、, a terrible of It Indians that helped the pilgrims to survive. Later, corn and also to fish hunt. In the autumn of the enjoyeda bountiful harvest. In order to celebrate the harvest and show gratitude to the Indians help, with Indians, which was as the origin of thanksgiving 2006). different two dev

19、eloped with national culture formed unique customs of their Among the food the the Chinese saying goes, “Food is th e first necessity of people. No at Festival or on Day, a reunion will for In China, reunion dinner is held the New s Eve, that is, the day the first day of the first menu for reunion d

20、inner traditionally includes fish, chicken delicious In Chinese pronunciation of “fish (“魚 in Chinese pinying “y ) it a for “surpluses “余; in Chinese pinying “y ), in the at thereunion dinner is to express peoples good wishes for the coming year which are implied in the Chinese phrase “may there be

21、surpluses every year“年有余; pinying n ni n y y ). also typical for this festival, suchas dumplings nian known the New Year pudding. The the is like gold ingot from China, eat them wish for money and treasure (Tan, 2003). “nian gao, as a homophone, means “higher and year after another. At the reunion d

22、inner, family members according to in respect to elder the family. While traditional American dinner of served with . gravy, sauce, sweet ends pumpkin pie. members sit at dinner table to enjoy joyful of reunion. 2004) In celebrations at it a holiday tradition many to begin Thanksgiving dinner by say

23、ing grace. Grace a prayerbefore or after a to express appreciation God, to ask for Gods blessing. difference in culture, celebrations of the festivalsalso a lot. China is known for its and which also in the celebrations of the Spring Festival. Affection for the dead the alive in of ways. It to make

24、sacrifices with delicious food burning paper money to dead during the In family, the elder usually give “red envelops the children. pay totheir relatives friends with gifts. can be people, such as “Happy New (in Chinese “過(guò)年好) and “May you be prosperous (in Chinese “ 恭喜發(fā)財(cái)). customs, pasting the with

25、the Spring Festival with black on red fireworks and so on, For the Thanksgiving beside the big people celebrate the by traveling with family, parading, also American football major of Thanksgiving celebrations in United States. Professional traditionally played on Thanksgiving Day; until these were

26、during the from 2.2 The Zhongyuan Festival vs. The Festival are two related ghosts 2005; The Festival, falling July in the lunar is a for people offer sacrifices to the departed and 1989). Since the seventh has been believed to be the “ghost month , this month are allowed to of of home to receive th

27、e sacrifice their In . used to worship of season throughout a but restrained by the natural rhythm, farmers in spring and harvest in autumn (Xiao, in they prayed their for a good in autumn offered their the crops to show their worship. Therefore, sacrifice in the autumn became With in Eastern Han (2

28、5-220 A.D.), original with the festival of the Yu Festival, was inmemory of the forefathers of the Buddhists and encourage the Buddhists piety (Ibid.). Afterwards customs of Yu Pen went with the custom of their on Festival and present Festival, or the Hungry Ghost Festival, the shape. At this festiv

29、al, Family members offer their and would paper. Families also pay tribute wandering that souls not on lives A large feast is for on day of the where everyone brings samplings of food and them on the offering table to the off bad Halloween origins in ancient Celtic known celebrated on of The believed

30、 that the of of the dead would return the community food supply ( 2006). The the event by sacrificing animals the Celtic Gods in bonfires built the Druids (The Celtic Priests). also wore costumes, typically of animal skins heads, because they that recognized by the ghosts, which considered as root o

31、f dressing in Halloween costumes on festival. would of food their to satisfy the ghosts them the home, could be trick-or-treating originated. By the influence of into Celtic lands. In the century, Pope IV 1 All Day, a to honor saints martyrs. It is that pope was attempting to .the Celtic of dead wit

32、h a but holiday. The celebration called All-hallows (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints Day) the night the night began be called All-hallows and, eventually, Halloween. day is associated with is associated with symbols the Halloween activities trick-or-treating, tours, bonfires, cos

33、tume visiting carving scary movies(Chen ，2006). Valentines s The Chinese Valentines Day and Valentine Day in the west are romanticfestivals for lovers. The Chinese Valentines Day, also known as Qixi, falls on the day of seventh lunar month. The origination of the is to story of and Girl. The skill i

34、s for family. On the unmarried girls pray Weaving to let them smarter. the star high up in the girls do test, which is to put needle the water If needle then girl already smart and ready find a husband(Zhang, Qizhi 2007).Valentine Day is rooted in the story of the martyred Valentine. Valentine was d

35、uring the third in Rome. Claudius II that made soldiers with families, marriage for young men his of potential soldiers. the injustice of decree, Claudius to perform marriages for in were discovered, ordered that he be Saint Valentine buried day of Later who got with help of him this day. the west,

36、Valentines Day is the traditional day on which lovers expresstheir love for each other by sending Valentine cards, presenting flowers, offering confectionery .2.4 comparison of pairs of traditional above, differences Chinese and American festivals can be summed up as In view of origins, Spring Festi

37、val has close relation most Chinese traditional festivals are derived from peoples conducting the production. In ancient not be separated the special “solar (in Chinese pinyin, “jiq Chinese traditi festivals are connected to the “solar terms for example, Brightness Festival, Winter others. Comparati

38、vely origins of American reflect influence religion, mainly Christianity. Thanksgiving Day to religion to although it originated in the celebration harvest, influence has faded away, it tends to be a for family reunion showing to In all the American traditional festivals many are from Christianity.

39、The biggest Christmas is to observe the birth of Jesus; Easter is to the resurrection of Jesus; is branded by Christianity a to all saints. Christianity closely related to American traditional festivals. In unique place of Christianity in traditional festivals, pantheism great on Chinese traditional

40、 many gods in Chinas legends. The Qixi Festival is rooted in the story of Weaver Girl who was the daughter of the Heavenly Queen Mother. Kitchen God Festival related to etc.In view of customs, has been greatly emphasized in celebration of Chinese festivals. Take the Spring for etiquette can beseen e

41、verywhere: seating arrangement at the reunion dinner, the elder giving “red the giving the offering sacrifices to ancestors, each other, paying Year to relatives friends with gifts, has as a. to judge an individuals personality some degree. Besides, most Chinese traditional festivals importance to h

42、armony and people. While in celebrations for traditional festivals tending to be fun At time, customs of traditional are somewhat for the before Thanksgiving dinner, the at Easter morning, etc.All the differences above between Chinese American festivals are the historical specific cultural features.

43、 The following part to factors have Major Causing Differences between Chinese andWestern 3.1 Factors influencing festivals is a that wisdom of national of centuries; therefore, it is for traditional to go through changes for “it is a general law in human history that the various civilizations each I

44、n factors as religion, literature Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism from the have exerted a on culture loaded by Chinese traditional (Robert, 2007). The following are the primary ones all factors that have contributed distinct characteristics of traditional Agricultural civilizationThe factor that it f

45、or mankind settle in communities After developed in the Middle East in 6500 BC, living or family units did not have to be the.move continually for food or herding their of assured of a reliable supply of countries, the development of gave birth to civilization (Ni and Qiao, is not civilization refer

46、s of culture in on mode of “men till the land and women cloth in the feudal society, peoples life centered on the agricultural activities (Ibid.). As goes by, of cultural related songs, poems, sacrificial ceremonies, etc. which the rich civilization.The civilization of most traditional festivals. “S

47、olar terms direct of the agriculture development inChinese characteristics. In the Han twenty-four solar an way to divide time and the were by direct production. their experiences, knew work be arranged according the of solar terms 2002). The time system of traditional festivals is born from the sys

48、tem of “solar terms because “solar provide theprerequisite for the time for celebrated around or on some solar ConfucianismConfucianism, with focuses on human morality actions, philosophical system developed from teachings of Chinese philosopher 479 BC) Confucianism complex system of political, quas

49、i-religious that on culture and of China (Ibid.) According to (2003), influence that Confucianism on of traditional festivals can into the .3.2 Major influencing traditional IndustrializationDifferent from China, America a industrialized of in America became the among all the industrialized countrie

50、s. In 1860, fourth in the in the of 20th century biggest industrial in the world by far. In the proportion of is much industries information high-tech (Wu, It is natural that the influence of in whole nation weakens. the fast of the industrialization in have to the country “American dreams which to

51、become a multi-cultural a result, declining influence in the national in festivals Thanksgiving closely related to production is no longer but for the of family members showing their thanks with the several immigration waves bringing labor force for in America, many foreign festivals been in the of

52、traditional festivalsin America. The St. Patricks Day is originally a festival celebrated by the Irish in it arrived with immigration Al Fools Day was first celebrated in a popular in America. The immigrant have enriched the of American festivals.Religion vital to the American peoples life. Accordin

53、g a 200 2 study by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, was the only developed nation in survey where a majority of citizens reported that religion played “very important role in.their lives. In America, it a for most go Sunday, not only a place for people to show their piety to god, a placefor people

54、to socialize with others. The most important events of ones life are all with religion: a accepts a gets thewitness of a priest in the church; a man funeral is conducted by the priest. It can beseen that religion has penetrated into peoples daily life. Religion in America is complicated with is a Am

55、erican developed under impact of Christianity. Many traditional are directly the of religious (Ellinwood, history of is focused the life, resurrection of Jesus the of God The traditional of tells of his birth in stable in Bethlehem in the Holy Land, to virgin who had pregnant with the son God action

56、 of Holy Spirit.The story of Jesus birth is told in the writings of Matthew and Luke in the New of birth is believed by be the of prophecies in the Old which that Messiah would the people from captivity (Ibid.). After the story of birth, little known Jesus until he began his ministry at age three te

57、aching, healing miracles. He taught - stories which divine messages for those who would it. He disciples whom called to him him in his publicly he with the of This angered authorities in Jesus the Roman authorities a revolutionary. He was tried for heresy, to death by means of crucifixion. the Sunda

58、y following his of his followers discovered that the tomb into which body had was empty. Jesus them, as Jesus to death. His that raised Jesus from the dead. was many disciples over next few days according to accounts, he was o heaven (Eugene, Trevor, 2005)The belief in is the of of most Americ

59、an traditional festivals. is celebrated in the memory of Jesus birth; Easter is celebrated the memory of his festivals been by Christianity,such as the Valentines Day and the Halloween. The Valentines Day is said to the Valentine, and Halloween, originally a the has become day in the of all saints.

60、on the above, it obvious taken root exerted great of American festivals. Between Western Holidays4.1 The of Mutual The differences between traditional make world beautiful interesting, rich However, thing has two sides, affirm attention to the helpful things then deal with dialectically. In past, ha