大學(xué)英語 語法 虛擬語氣祥解課件

1、The subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣Learning goals1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ”4. Do some exercises語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件

2、句 2. 名詞性從句 3. 固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況If 引導(dǎo)的條件句a. if真實條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語氣。b. if虛擬條件句 表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語氣。If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance, I will visit China again.What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will sleep at home if it rains t

3、omorrow. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實可能相反?If I were the schoolmaster of the college, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.與現(xiàn)在事實相反 if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+ 動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形1. If I had a great deal of money, I would bu

4、y a villa (別墅) for my parents.2. If I were the schoolmaster of the college, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.與過去事實相反If Tom had learnt how to swim

5、,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.與過去事實相反If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train. 與過去事實相反If I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 與將來事實相反 if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句主句與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語+動

6、詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、If+主語+should +動詞原形主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. 注意以下問題：1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句2. (if省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句3. 含蓄條件句1. 錯綜時間條件句if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、If

7、+主語+should +動詞原形If+主語+ 動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)If+主語+had +動詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句3). If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new

8、house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）2. 在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有were, had（助動詞）或should時，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。 1). Had I seen him then, I would have been ve

9、ry happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have takenpar

10、t in the sports meet.（副詞）(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣3. 含蓄條件句有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。含蓄條件句(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨立主格）= If eve

11、rything had been taken into (了解即可)consideration, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣(5) 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。如：What would you do with a million dollars?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain, we wo

12、uld have finished the work.=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it hadnt been for the rain, 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣隨堂練習(xí)If I _ten years younger, I _ very happy.were, would be B.am, shall beC. were, shall be D. am, would be2. You can ask your b

13、rother for help. He is not at home. If he _, I _.A.is, would B.were, wouldC.is, will D.were, will3. If you _the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A.follow B.followed C.would follow D.had followed4. If he had not missed the train, he _by then.A.might get B.might have got C.got D.had go

14、t5. What would you have done last night, if you _to write your homework.A.hadnt B.havent had C. didnt haveD.hadnt had6. Did you catch the plane?No, if I had hurried, I _.A.would B.would have C.could D. did7. Why didnt you tell him the truth? If I _you, I would have.A.were B.had been C.am D.would be

15、8.How do you like the party?Wonderful. If you had come with us, you _a good time.A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had9. If I _out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.A.didnt run B.shouldnt run C.havent runD.hadnt run10. If you _early tomorrow morning, you would be there by no

16、on.A.have started B.were started C.were to startD.had started11.Did you hand in your application for a league member?Not yet. If I _to see my father, I would have.A.didnt go B. havent gone C.wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gone12.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one, but he would

17、have given me one if I _.A.do B.would C.will D.had13.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?No, if he had, I dont believe _broken the living room window.A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.were; would was; will had

18、been; would is; willExercise A2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would followExercise C3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. should live; would spend will live; should spend are living; should have spent wi

19、ll be living; would have spentA4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillExercise tomorrowB5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC

20、. would win D. would have wonExercise B6. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A7T he weather has been ve

21、ry hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedExercise Dhad rainednow8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. had got B. got C. h

22、ave got D. getExercise Botherwise9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had boughtExercise AbutThe subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣Part 2Learning goals1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood2. Master the structures of the different for

23、ms of the subjunctive mood3. Do some exercises about the grammar虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句 3. 固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況If 引導(dǎo)的條件句a. if真實條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語氣。b. if虛擬條件句 表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語氣。 總結(jié)：if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、I

24、f+主語+should +動詞原形If+主語+ 動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)If+主語+had +動詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形（4+1）注意以下問題：1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句2. (if省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句3. 含蓄條件句 insist, order / command, sugge

25、st / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / require / request / askshould do ! should do ! should do ! 二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 一 “堅持” (insist) , 二“命令” (order, command) , 四“建議” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) ,五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do .

26、或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done 賓語從句我們建議Tom 去休息一下。他堅持要我與他同行。他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。We suggested _ .He insisted _ .They requested (that) Tom _ .(that) Tom have a rest(that) I (should ) go with him(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in tim

27、e這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should doIt is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2. 這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should doIt is o

28、rdered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) doThe / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) doa / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do 主語

29、從句 表語從句 同位語從句Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once .The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.3. wish 的賓語從句1. wish 的賓語從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般過去時( be 用were )與過去事實相反: 過去完成時與將來事實相反: would

30、/could +V.原 shouldI wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.could / would become 三. 虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式:1. would r

31、ather 寧愿，但愿 sb did 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反sb had done 與過去情況相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2. as if / as though思考：as if / as though 后面的句子是主句還是從句？He behaves as if he_(own) the house.owned1). 從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生 (可以理解成與現(xiàn)在事實相反)

32、He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.had been2). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前 (可以理解成與過去事實相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。3). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后 (可以理解成與將來事實相反)總結(jié)as if / as though與現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般過去時( be 用were )與過去事實相反:

33、 過去完成時 與將來事實相反: would/could + V.原 (了解) should與 wish 的賓語從句相似3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是時候. (做某事)” 注意: should不能省略 sb did sb should do是時候采取措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境了。It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment.你該走了。Its (high / about) time that you went / should

34、go.4. 在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理應(yīng)如此的) / important + that sb (should) do1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來參加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3). 鳥在樹上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( shou

35、ld ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest5. If only ! 要是就好了If only與現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般過去時( be 用were )與過去事實相反: 過去完成時If only it stopped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!總結(jié) wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虛擬時的共同點是：時態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句四. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 1. 本想/打算做某事卻沒做 2. 本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做

36、 3. 本不該做某事卻做了 4. 本能夠做某事卻沒做 5. 寧愿過去做了某事卻沒做 6. 最好過去做了某事卻沒做 7. 本不必做某事卻做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/ couldnt have done過去肯定發(fā)生了過去可能發(fā)生了過去不可能發(fā)生1. insi

37、st, suggest2. as if/though3. if五. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，用不同的語氣insist : “堅決/持要求”用虛擬語氣,即 should do;insist : “堅持認(rèn)為, 堅持說”用陳述語氣suggest : “建議”用虛擬語氣，即should do;suggest : “表明、暗示”用陳述語氣1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill t

38、oday. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他堅持說他沒偷鉆石，應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。(should) practiseis(should) gethadnt stolen as if / as thoughWhenapencilispartlyinaglassof water, itlooksasifit were broken. The

39、 dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.If 引導(dǎo)的條件句a. if真實條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語氣。b. if虛擬條件句 表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語氣。Exercise I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 .The workers in the factory demanded that their pay

40、_ be raised. A should B would C must D could3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished5. Janes pal

41、e face suggested that she _ ill . A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D.

42、to be left3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off4. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D.

43、 would learn 6. I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8. Id rather you _me the news. A. not tellB. not to tell C. didnt tellD. hadnt toldHis suggestion that you _ once more sounds reason

44、able. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C. help D. had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACAI_ through that bitter period without your generous help. couldnt have gone B.