專升本英語(yǔ)主謂一致課件

1、 主謂一致是指：1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。2） 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)， 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如： Reading and writing are very impo

2、rtant. 讀寫很重要。注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。The worker and poet has published many peoms recently. 往年例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D

3、. were注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor 前沒(méi)有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。 常考：主謂一致中的靠近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。There

4、are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩，二十三個(gè)女孩。2）當(dāng)either or 與neither nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

5、有with, together with, like, except, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如： The teacher, together with some students, is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He, as well as I, wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。 常考：謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) 1）代詞each以及由every, some, no, any,neither等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如： Each of us has a tape-re

6、corder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.Neither of them drinks coffee. 2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如： The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜譚是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本書。 3）表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary

7、preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。4). a pair of, a couple of, a series of（一系列），作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。A pair of shoes is what he needs.A series of TV programs is on today.There is a couple of questions I want to ask you. 意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)：The class are doing the exercises.The class which I t

8、each is a very good one.The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是社會(huì)基本單位。The family have agreed to spend their vacation in Italy.Our team has won the game.Our team are discussing the matter of how to win.All is right.一切順利。All are present.人都到齊了。 可見：集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew船員

9、, crowd, class, company等詞后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家成員不多。 His family are music lovers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛好者。注意：但集合名詞people, police在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？ 易考：特殊情況：1. A number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞The number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞A number of students have been able to

10、 use English to enjoy themselves. 一定數(shù)量的學(xué)生已經(jīng)能用英語(yǔ)得到快樂(lè)。The number of students who dont enjoy learning English in China is still rising. 在中國(guó)得不到學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)快樂(lè)的學(xué)生的數(shù)字還在增加。 An average of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞The average of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞An average of 3000 letters a month are received by the government.The average of letters received each m

11、onth is 3000. 2. many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。 Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過(guò)這本書。More than one questions was asked. 不止問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。3. a +單數(shù)+or two 用單數(shù)。A day or two is needed to complete this project.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)需要一兩天。4. Not only -but also:要和but also 后一致：Not only the students but also the

12、 teacher is enjoying the film.(就近原則） 5. As well as 與第一個(gè)名詞一致：The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.I as well as they am ready to help you.6. one+of+復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語(yǔ)從句要求與復(fù)數(shù)一致。This is one of the best books that have appeared. 這是出現(xiàn)的最好的書之一。但也有跟one 的情況：She is one of those women who doesn

13、t know a thing about English.她是絲毫不懂英語(yǔ)的婦女之一。 6. 短語(yǔ)、從句,句子,不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)要求用單數(shù)。No news is good news.Reading in the morning is best for me.“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting.To master at least a foreign language is very necessary at present.When they will start the journey has not been decide

14、d.ExercisesBDC1. Ten percent of the workers in this city _ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be2. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade _ not able to solve the problem. A. areB. wereC. amD. is3. The government _ hoping to make their findings known soon. A. isB. h

15、as beenC. areD. beExercises4. Today there _ a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position. A. have been B. is having C. has been D. are to have5. The nation wants peace; only a minority _ the war to continue. A. want B. wants C. wanted D. hast wanted6. The play writer and director

16、 _ promised to attend our tea party. A. Have B. has C. are D. isBAAExercises7. Another three weeks _ necessary for us to finish the work. A. are B. was C. is D. will have been8) Whether or not the new plan will yield any positive results _ to be seen. A. remain B. is remained C. remains D. have remainedCCExercises10) Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past ten years. A. became B. becomes C. has become D. have become11) Half of the audience _ foreigners. A. was B. were C. had been D. has beenBcExercises14）E-mail, as well