WTO規(guī)則中英文教程第十五章-WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易協(xié)議課件

1、第十三章 WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易協(xié)議WTO Rules about the Application of Technical Barriers to Trade技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘(technical barriers to trade)作為一種非關(guān)稅壁壘是WTO成員實(shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)的重要手段。WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)定(Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT)1為此制定了技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的適用規(guī)則，以使技術(shù)貿(mào)易措施及其實(shí)施方式不構(gòu)成任意或不公正歧視(arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination)的手段或?qū)?guó)際貿(mào)易的變相限制(

2、disguised restriction)。 1 This Agreement consists of 15 articles and 3 annexes.第十三章 WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易協(xié)議WTO Rules abo一、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的定義The technical barriers to trade are referred to as technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures affecting international trade.技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘是指影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易的技術(shù)法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及合格評(píng)定程序

3、。一、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的定義The technical barr1、 技術(shù)法規(guī)(Technical Regulations)Document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with termin

4、ology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method.那些規(guī)定強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的產(chǎn)品特性或其相關(guān)工藝和生產(chǎn)方法、包括適用的管理規(guī)定在內(nèi)的文件。該文件還可包括或?qū)ｉT涉及適用于產(chǎn)品、工藝或生產(chǎn)方法的專門術(shù)語(yǔ)、符號(hào)、包裝、標(biāo)志或標(biāo)簽要求。 1、 技術(shù)法規(guī)(Technical RegulationsWTO規(guī)則中英文教程第十五章-WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易協(xié)議課件WTO規(guī)則中英文教程第十五章-WTO技術(shù)性貿(mào)易協(xié)議課件二、與技術(shù)法規(guī)和合格評(píng)定程

5、序有關(guān)的規(guī)則 1.WTO requires any Member abide by the principles of national treatment and MFN. Namely, in respect of technical regulations, products imported from the territory of any Member shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to like products of national origin and to like pr

6、oducts originating in any other country. In the respect of conformity assessment procedures, suppliers should be granted access of like products originating in the territories of other Members under conditions no less favourable than those accorded to suppliers of like products of national origin or

7、 originating in any other country, in a comparable situation.二、與技術(shù)法規(guī)和合格評(píng)定程序有關(guān)的規(guī)則 1.WTO r（漢譯）1、WTO要求各成員遵守國(guó)民待遇原則和最惠國(guó)待遇原則，即在技術(shù)法規(guī)方面，各成員應(yīng)保證給予源自任何成員領(lǐng)土進(jìn)品的產(chǎn)品不低于其給予本國(guó)同類產(chǎn)品或來(lái)自任何其他國(guó)家同類產(chǎn)品的待遇；在合格評(píng)定程序方面，應(yīng)在可比的情況下以不低于給予本國(guó)相同產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商或源自任何其他國(guó)家相同產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商的條件，使源自其他成員領(lǐng)土內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商獲得準(zhǔn)入。 （漢譯）1、WTO要求各成員遵守國(guó)民待遇原則和最惠國(guó)待遇原則2. Where techni

8、cal regulations are required and relevant international standards exist or their completion is imminent, Members shall use them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basis for their technical regulations except when such international standards or relevant parts would be an ineffective or inappropria

9、te means for the fulfilment of the legitimate objectives pursued1. Also, where relevant guides or recommendations issued by international standardizing bodies exist or their completion is imminent, Members shall ensure that central government bodies use them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basi

10、s for their conformity assessment procedures2.2. Where technical regulations2、如需制定技術(shù)法規(guī)，而有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)己經(jīng)存在或即將擬就，則各成員應(yīng)使用這些國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或其中的相關(guān)部分作為其技術(shù)法規(guī)的基礎(chǔ)，除非這些國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或其中的相關(guān)部分對(duì)達(dá)到其追求的合法目標(biāo)無(wú)效或不適當(dāng)。同樣，若國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布的相關(guān)指南或建議已經(jīng)存在或即將擬就，則各成員應(yīng)保證中央政府機(jī)構(gòu)一般應(yīng)使用這些指南或建議或其中的相關(guān)部分，作為其合格評(píng)定程序的基礎(chǔ)。 1 See Article 2.4 of TBT Agreement.2 See Article 5.

11、4 of TBT Agreement（漢譯）2、如需制定技術(shù)法規(guī)，而有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)己經(jīng)存在或即將擬就，則各三、與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有關(guān)的規(guī)則 WTOTBT協(xié)定附件3關(guān)于制定、采用和實(shí)施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的良好行為規(guī)范（Code of Good Practice for the Preparation，Adoption and Application of Standards，簡(jiǎn)稱“良好行為規(guī)范”）在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面確立了以下各成員標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)接受并遵守的重要規(guī)則： 1.The standardizing body shall accord treatment to products originating in the terri

12、tory of any other Member of the WTO no less favourable than that accorded to like products of national origin and to like products originating in any other country. 1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)給予源自WTO任何其他成員的產(chǎn)品的待遇不得低于給予本國(guó)相同產(chǎn)品和源自任何其他國(guó)家相同產(chǎn)品的待遇。三、與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有關(guān)的規(guī)則 WTOTBT協(xié)定附件3關(guān) 2.The standardizing body shall ensure that standards are

13、 not prepared, adopted or applied with a view to, or with the effect of, creating unnecessary obstacles to international trade.2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)保證不制定、不采用或不實(shí)施在目的或效果上給國(guó)際貿(mào)易制造不必要障礙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 2.The standardizing body s3.Where international standards exist or their completion is imminent, the standardizing body shall us

14、e them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basis for the standards it develops, except where such international standards or relevant parts would be ineffective or inappropriate, for instance, because of an insufficient level of protection or fundamental climatic or geographical factors or fundamen

15、tal technological problems3、若國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)存在或即將擬就，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)使用這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或使用其中的相關(guān)部分作為其制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)，除非由于存在某些情況，如由于保護(hù)程度不足，或基本氣候或地理因素或基本技術(shù)問(wèn)題使此類國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或其中的相關(guān)部分無(wú)效或不適當(dāng)。3.Where international standardWith a view to harmonizing standards on as wide a basis as possible, the standardizing body shall, in an appropriate way, play a full

16、part, within the limits of its resources, in the preparation by relevant international standardizing bodies of international standards.4、為在盡可能廣泛的基礎(chǔ)上協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)以適當(dāng)方式，在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)，充分參與有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)制定國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作。 With a view to harmonizing sta5.Wherever appropriate, the standardizing body shall specify standards

17、in terms of performance rather than design or descriptive characteristics.5、只要適當(dāng)，各成員標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)即應(yīng)按產(chǎn)品的性能而不是內(nèi)在設(shè)計(jì)或描述特征制定產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。5.Wherever appropriate, the stAt least once every six months, the standardizing body shall publish a work programme containing the standards it is currently preparing and the standards

18、 which it has adopted in the preceding period。A notice of the existence of the work programme shall be published in a national or, as the case may be, regional publication of standardization activities. 6、WTO成員的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)至少每6個(gè)月公布一次工作綱要，包括正在制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及前一時(shí)期已采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。工作綱要的通知應(yīng)在國(guó)家或在區(qū)域有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化活動(dòng)的出版物上公布。At least once every six months四、其他除上述規(guī)則之外，WTO還鼓勵(lì)各成員相互承認(rèn)合格評(píng)定程序，給予其他成員的合格評(píng)定機(jī)構(gòu)以國(guó)民待遇。同時(shí)要求每一成