大豆制品在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用

SOYBEANPRODUCTSINSWINEDIETS

豬日糧中的大豆產(chǎn)品ShiXueShi(Sam)Ph.D.

施學(xué)仕(Sam)博士AmericanSoybeanAssociationShanghaiOffice美國大豆協(xié)會上海辦事處WhyareSoybeanProducts，especiallySoy-mealssoImportantforSwineProduction?為什么大豆產(chǎn)品,特別是豆粕對養(yǎng)豬業(yè)那么重要？玉米面筋飼料圖12000年世界蛋白質(zhì)飼料產(chǎn)量（百萬噸）數(shù)據(jù)來源：OilwordsStatistics,2000豆粕菜籽粕棉籽粕葵籽粕花生粕芝麻粕魚粉亞麻籽粕玉米面筋粉椰肉干棕櫚仁粕WorldSoybeanProduction世界大豆產(chǎn)量Millionmetrictonnes

百萬噸

Source:Oilworld2001WorldTotal177.3mmt

世界總產(chǎn)量177.3百萬噸

美國阿根廷中國其它印度巴西巴拉圭加拿大WorldSoybeanMealProduction世界豆粕產(chǎn)量

Percent百分比

Source:Oilworld2001TotalWorld=115.9mmt世界總產(chǎn)量=115.9

百萬噸阿根廷美國巴西印度中國/臺灣其它墨西哥日本歐盟6005004003002001000Head,Million百萬頭19911992199319941995199619971998Year年份HogProductioninChina(DatafromMOA)中國養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)情況（資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)部）19911992199319941995199619971998Year年份60.050.040.030.020.010.00.0MetricTons,Million百萬公噸FeedProductioninChina中國飼料生產(chǎn)情況Feed,Total

飼料總量Feed,Swine豬飼料SoybeanProductsforSwineDiets用于豬日糧的大豆產(chǎn)品Ingredients

大豆產(chǎn)品 含量范圍Range,%1.RegularSoymeal

普通豆粕(44%) 0-252.DehulledSoymeal

去皮豆粕(48%) 0-253.Heated/ExtrudedFFSBM(36%) 0-25

加熱/膨化全脂大豆(36%)4.Soy-Proteinconcentrate(65%) 0-20

濃縮大豆蛋白(65%)5.Soy-ProteinIsolated大豆分離蛋白質(zhì)（88%)

0-15 5.Soybeanoil 豆油 0-5/86.Soybeanhull豆皮(11%) 0-207.Rawsoybean生大豆(36%) 0-10/15AmountofChemicalCompositioninSoy-products

大豆產(chǎn)品中的化學(xué)組成和其含量

ItemKcal/kgCP,%Lys.%Fat,%NDF,%Fiber,%*

項目能量粗蛋白賴氨酸脂肪中性洗滌劑粗纖維大卡/公斤%%%纖維%%*SBM普通豆粕

3180442.831.513.37.3DHSBM去皮豆粕

3380483.023.08.93.4

FFSBM膨化全脂大豆3690362.2518.013.95.2SPC濃縮大豆蛋白

3500644.253.0- -SPI分離大豆蛋白

3560865.350.6--

NRC(1998)Aminoacidcompositionofsoy-products(asfed)

大豆產(chǎn)品的氨基酸成分(飼喂?fàn)顟B(tài))

Item SBMDHSBMFFSBMSPCSPI

普通去皮膨化濃縮分離項目豆粕豆粕全脂大豆大豆蛋白大豆蛋白Arginine精氨酸3.233.482.60 5.79 6.87Histidine組氨酸1.171.280.96 1.80 2.25Isoleucine異亮氨酸1.992.161.61 3.30 4.25Leucine亮氨酸3.423.662.75 5.30 6.64Lysine賴氨酸2.833.022.22 4.20 5.26Met.+Cys.蛋+胱氨酸1.311.411.081.902.20Threonine蘇氨酸1.731.85 1.41 2.80 3.17Tryptophan色氨酸0.610.65 0.48 0.90 1.08NRC(1998)Digestibilitiesofsomeaminoacidsinsoy-productsforswine

豬對大豆產(chǎn)品中一些氨基酸的消化率

Item SBMDHSBMFFSBMSPCSPI

去皮膨化濃縮分離項目豆粕豆粕全脂大豆大豆蛋白質(zhì)大豆蛋白質(zhì)Apparentilealdigestibilitycoefficients,%回腸表觀消化率系數(shù)(%)Lysine賴氨酸 8585 81 93 88Methionine蛋氨酸868678 91 -Cystine胱氨酸 7779 76 90 Threonine

蘇氨酸 7878 77 90 85Trueilealdigestibilitycoefficients,%回腸真消化率系數(shù)(%)Lysine賴氨酸 8990 86 95 -Methionine

蛋氨酸9191 85 94 -Cystine

胱氨酸8487 80 94 - Threonine

蘇氨酸 8587 83 94 -NRC(1998)DigestibilityCoefficientsofSelectedAminoAcidsinAsianProteinMeals亞洲蛋白質(zhì)飼料中某些氨基酸的消化率系數(shù)(豬)IngredientsLysineMeth.Cystine

Arginine

Thre.飼料賴氨酸蛋氨酸胱氨酸精氨酸蘇氨酸SBM,44豆粕(44%)8586769078DHSBM,美國去皮豆粕(48%)8687779077Canolameal低毒菜籽粕7186758067Cottonmeal棉籽粕

8284738878Fishmeal魚粉9191789188Swine:Apparentilealdigestibilityestimates(回腸表觀消化率估計值)Source:RPAN-NutritionGuide,1989Crudeproteincontentofdietsformulatedtoaconstantdigestiblelysinecontent

可消化賴氨酸含量保持不變時的日糧粗蛋白含量

Digestible

Total

CP,%

Diets

Lysine,%

Lysine,%

可消化日糧賴氨酸總賴氨酸粗蛋白Corn-soy-meal玉米-豆粕0.70 0.80 16.0

Corn-canolameal玉米-無毒菜籽粕0.70 0.90 17.9Corn-peanutmeal玉米花生粕

0.70 0.81 24.5Corn-cottonseedmeal玉米-棉籽粕0.70 1.07 26.7Corn-sunflowermeal 玉米-葵籽粕0.70 0.85 29.5Corn-sesamemeal玉米-芝麻粕0.70 0.83 34.4GaryL.Cromwell,2000Nutritionalvalueoffeedstuffsforpigs國家公布的生長豬飼料養(yǎng)分含量值Wheatbran麥麩Wheat小麥Corn玉米Pea豌豆Rapeseedmeal菜籽粕Cottonseedmeal

棉籽粕Soybeanmeal豆粕Fat脂肪ME代謝能

579710097716697240DLys可消化賴氨酸181184951361000*DLys/ME*0.511.291.001.860*:；gdigestiblelysine/MJME可消化賴氨酸克數(shù)/兆焦代謝能SoybeanMealSpecifications1

豆粕質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1Ureaseactivity=0.05to0.20

尿素酶活性=0.05-0.20

KOHvalue=75to90%

蛋白質(zhì)氫氧化鉀溶解度=75to90%

Bulkdensityrange=575to640kg/cubicmeter散裝密度=575-640公斤/立方米Screenanalysis篩分1.95-100%throughU.S.Screen#1095-100%通過美國10#篩2.40-60%throughU.S.Screen#2040-60%通過美國20#篩3.6%throughU.S.Screen#806%通過美國80#篩Desiredphysicalappearances對外觀的要求a.Color:lighttantolightbrown色澤：淺棕色至淺褐色b.Odor:fresh,notsour,mustyorburned氣味：新鮮，無酸味、霉味、焦味C.Taste:bland&freeofanybeanyorburnedtaste滋味:平淡,無任何生豆味或焦味d.Texture:homogeneous,free-flowing質(zhì)地：均質(zhì)，無流動性SoybeanMealSpecifications2

豆粕質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2Performancecriteria性能參數(shù)：a.PDI=15%Min.%30%max.蛋白質(zhì)分散度指數(shù)：最低15%，最高30%B.PER=2.3Min.For44%CPmeal蛋白質(zhì)效率比:44%粗蛋白的豆粕:最低2.3c.PER=2.4min.For48%CPmeal蛋白質(zhì)效率比:48%粗蛋白的豆粕:最低2.4PDI:ProteinDispensabilityIndexPER:ProteinEfficiencyRatio--biologicalevaluationoftheprotein ratiopresentinthemeal蛋白質(zhì)效率比：餅粕類飼料中蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)評價指標(biāo)Conclusion接論

SoybeanMealistheSoleandtheBestProteinSourceforSwine.So,usemoreSBMthanotherproteinsourcemeals

豆粕是養(yǎng)豬唯一的最好的蛋白源，因此多用豆粕少用其他餅粕.DehulledSoybeanMeal去皮豆粕Soybeanheating大豆加熱Crackinganddehulling

壓碎和去皮Flakes壓片Meal豆粕DHSBM

去皮豆粕Extracting抽提Grinding粉碎Hulls

豆皮MixingwithDHSBM與去皮豆粕混合SBM普通豆粕CrudeOil產(chǎn)毛油Heating&drying加熱和干燥REFINEDOIL精煉油TheProcessingofDehulledSoymeal去皮豆粕的加工

Hulls豆皮Majoradvantagesofdehulledsoy-mealEnergy,proteinandLysinecontentsinDHSBMarehigherthanthoseinSBM

能量，蛋白和賴氨酸含量高于普通豆粕Crudefiberandashcontentsisrelativelylower粗纖維和灰分含量較低“Space”forenergyinDHSBMdietsislargerthanthatinSBMdietsduetohighcrudeproteinlevel因去皮豆粕的粗蛋白含量較高，故去皮豆粕日糧中能量的“空間”大于普通豆粕日糧，ProperprocessingmakeshighqualityDHSBMwhichincreasesnutrientdigestibility正確的加工可生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量高的消化高的去皮豆粕Thequalityisstable

質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定RelativelycheaperthanSBM

價格相對低于普通豆粕去皮豆粕的主要優(yōu)點中國南京Purina飼料公司對一些豆粕樣品的分析結(jié)果(%)ResultsofAnalysisofSoymealSamplesMeasuredinPurina-NanjingFeedCompany,ChinaSource來源中國印度阿根廷美國Moisture水分11.8C.Protein粗蛋白48.4C.Fiber粗纖維3.1C.Fat粗脂肪1.32.01.31.4Ash灰分5.8KOHsolubility氫氧化鉀溶解度82.872.073.683.6Urease,pH尿素酶,pH0.020.070.040.07Aminoacids氨基酸Lysine賴氨酸2.692.852.552.93Methionine

蛋氨酸0.620.620.590.66Threonine

蘇氨酸1.771.821.712.02ChemicalCompositionofSoy-mealsdiets豆粕日糧的化學(xué)成分

豆粕去皮豆粕豆粕去皮豆粕Diets日糧28-38d.28-38d.28-38d.28-38d.MEKcal/kg代謝能(大卡/公斤)3100310032003200CP,%粗蛋白(%)19.2Lys.%賴氨酸(%)1.301.301.211.21Meth.+Cys.%蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(%)0.780.780.650.65Thre.%蘇氨酸(%)0.820.820.760.76Crudefat,%粗脂肪(%)6.225.295.414.32Ca,%鈣(%)0.850.85

0.85

0.85P,%磷(%)0.750.750.700.70Price,Y/ton價格(元/噸)

3009298723922383四種不同日糧處理在不同生長階段的日增重Item項目中國豆粕印度豆粕阿根廷豆粕美國去皮豆粕

SBMChinaSBMIndiaSBMArgentinaUSDHSBMADG,g日增重(克)28-60Days28-60天35535934536230-60Days30-60天41441740642660-90Days60-90天553a537a

544a

580b90-120Days90-120天642a636a632a681b

28-120Days/天513a508a503a537bNote:Valueswithdifferentsuperscriptsinthesamerowaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05-0.001)注：上標(biāo)不同字母的數(shù)值間差異顯著(P<0.05-0.001)DailyGainsofFourDifferentTreatmentsinDifferentGrowthStages三個生長階段中每公斤體增重的飼料成本Item項目中國豆粕印度豆粕阿根廷豆粕美國去皮豆粕

SBMChinaSBMIndiaSBMArgentinaUSDHSBMFeedcost,Y飼料成本(元)38-60Days38-60天4.09ab3.97ab4.22a3.89b60-90Days60-90天4.134.024.243.9290-120Days90-120天5.78ab5.75ab5.80ab5.46b

28-120Days/天

4.89ab4.86ab4.97a4.66bNote:Valueswithdifferentsuperscriptsinthesamerowaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05)注：上標(biāo)不同字母的數(shù)值間差異顯著(P<0.05)FeedCostofPerKiloBodyWeightGsininThreeGrowthStagesFeedcostcomparisonofdifferentsoymealsources不同來源豆粕的飼料成本比較Feedcostcomparisonofdifferentsoymealsources

中國印度阿根廷美國每頭豬(體重55公斤)的飼料成本(元)Feedcostperpig(55kg):yuanImpactofUSDHSBMonbackfatthickness&bodyweightlossoflactatingsows中國豆粕美國去皮豆粕單位3.4毫米4.5毫米美國去皮豆粕對泌乳母豬背膘厚減薄和體重減輕程度的影響

bBackfatlossmm背膘厚減薄(毫米)

BWloss,kg體重減輕(公斤)6.9天8.2天4.62公斤4.37公斤中國豆粕美國去皮豆粕單位平均日采食(公斤)到下次發(fā)情天數(shù)ImpactofUSDHSBMonfeedintakeanddaysfromweanlingtoestrusoflactatingsows美國去皮豆粕對泌乳母豬采食量和斷奶到下次發(fā)情天數(shù)的影響中國豆粕美國去皮豆粕日增重(克)InfluenceofU.S.DHSBMinlactationdietsongrowthperformanceofbabypigs泌乳日糧中采用美國去皮豆粕對仔豬生長性能的影響ExtrudedFull-FatSoybeanMeal

膨化全脂大豆`TheEffectofFeedExtrusionGelatinizestarch,breakdownstarchtosmallparticles,ruptureofcellwallsso,improvedigestibility&feedefficiency使淀粉糊化并破解為小分子，使細胞壁破裂，從而提高動物對飼料的消化率和飼料利用率。Proteincookedanddispersed,so,absorptionincreased使蛋白質(zhì)熟化，分散度提高從而提高蛋白質(zhì)的吸收率。Allmicrobeskilled,includingpathogen,so,sterilizefeedstheincidenceofdiseasesreduced可殺死所有的微生物,包括病原體,故飼料得到了消毒，因而可降低疾病的發(fā)生率Goodpalatabilityimprovesfeedintakeandgrowth可提高飼料的適口性,從而可提高動物的采食量和生長率。Feedefficiencyincreasedby10%comparedwithmash與粉料相比，飼料利用率可提高10%。飼料膨化的效果1.

Protein:38%,Fat:18-21%,Moisture:5-6%

蛋白質(zhì)：38%；脂肪：18-21%；水分：5-6%Energy:3600-4180MEKcal./kg;intracellularoilreleased

能量：3600-4180大卡代謝能/公斤，細胞內(nèi)油脂釋放了出來。OM:over90%digestibility,texturechanged

有機物：消化率達到90%以上，質(zhì)地改變。Destroycertainanti-nutrientfactors

破壞了某些抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子IncreasethelevelofW-3fattyacidincarcass

提高了胴體中ω-3脂肪酸的水平。Advantages&DisadvantageofExtrudedFull-FatSoymealforPigs膨化全脂大豆對豬的優(yōu)缺點Easytopelletingifhighlevelwheyused若使用了高水平的乳清，很容易進行制粒。Reducedustsorespiratorydiseasesdeclined減少粉塵量，因而可降低呼吸道疾病發(fā)生率。Minimizewornoutofmachine減慢機器的磨損。Improvepalatability&energydensity,so,feedintakeandgrowthincreased提高日糧的適口性和能量含量，從而提高動物的采食量和生長率。10SoftandyellowcarcassfatifFFSBMcontentistoohigh如果膨化全脂大豆用量過大則胴體脂肪會變軟而色黃。Advantages&DisadvantageofExtrudedFull-FatSoymealforPigs膨化全脂大豆對豬的優(yōu)缺點DM 干物質(zhì) 93.0%CP 粗蛋白 38.0%EE 乙醚提取物 18-21%CF 粗纖維 5.2%Ash 灰分 4.5%DigestibleCP 33.5%可消化粗蛋白FreeFattyAcid 1.0%游離氨基酸LinoleicAcid 9.0%亞油酸LinolenicAcid 2.0%亞麻酸Lecithin 0.7%卵磷脂TripleF,INC,1997Lys. 2.40%賴氨酸Meth. 0.54%蛋氨酸Cys. 0.55%胱氨酸Arg. 2.81%精氨酸Threo. 1.52%蘇氨酸Tryp. 0.59%色氨酸AvailableAminoAcids有效氨基酸Swine豬:90%;Poultry禽:92%DryExtrudedWholeSoybeans干燥膨化全脂大豆EFFSBMEnergyContent

膨化全脂大豆的能量含量Species動物種類

kcal/kg大卡/公斤Swine,DE豬，消化能

4312，Swine,ME豬，代謝能

4180Poultry,ME,avg.禽,代謝能,平均

3955Ruminants,DE 反芻獸,消化能

3537Ruminants,ME反芻獸,代謝能

3335Triple“F”,INC,1997PublishedEnergyValueofEFFSBM

若干機構(gòu)公布的膨化全脂大豆能量值Units ME*/PigsME*/Poultry機構(gòu)代謝能*/豬代謝能*/禽INRA, 89 3945 3900法國國家農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院CVB, 94 3575 3700NRC, 94 3625 3300美國國家科學(xué)研究院FEDNA, 943950 3520Triple“F”,

974185 3855*Kcal./kg千卡/公斤SoonSoonoilmillsSDN.BHD,1998FFSBMtypicalinclusionrates

膨化全脂大豆的常用添加量Swine:豬Starting斷奶豬 20%Growing 生長豬 25%Finishing 肥育豬 25%Breeding 種豬 28%Poultry:禽Starting幼雛期 22%Growing生長期 28%Laying/Breeding產(chǎn)蛋期/繁殖期 20%Triple“F”,INC,1997AdvantagesofPigsFedExtrudedCorn&DHSBMComparedwiththeControl（ASA，1999）對豬飼喂膨化玉米和去皮豆粕的優(yōu)勢

Corn+SBMExt.Corn+SBMCorn+DHSBMErt.corn+DHSBM玉米+豆粕膨化玉米+豆粕玉米+去皮豆粕膨化玉米+去皮豆粕Advantage,%優(yōu)勢EffectofEFFSBMonPerformanceof21daysWeaningPigs飼喂膨化全脂大豆對21日齡斷奶豬性能的影響Items DietA DietB DietC項目日糧A日糧B日糧CADG,14-28d.g

(postweaning) 448 436 504斷奶后14-28天日增重(克)

ADFI,g平均日采食(克) 624 633 644Feed/Gain耗料/增重

1.40 1.45 1.28Source:SwineInstituteofFrenchNationalAcademyofAgricultural Science,1975資料來源：法國全國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院養(yǎng)豬研究所,1975Note:DietAcontains20%soymeal&6.5%fishmeal

日糧A含豆粕20%和魚粉6.5%;

DietBcontains15%soymeal,6%fishmeal&10%skimmilk

日糧

B含豆粕15%,魚粉6%，脫脂奶粉10%

DietCcontains25%extrudedFFSBM&6%fishmeal

日糧C含膨化全脂大豆25%，魚粉6%DryExtrudedSoybeanAdvantagesFedto4.5kgPigs

對體重4.5公斤豬飼喂干燥膨化大豆時的優(yōu)勢

CRITERIARoasted????????????????????????????????????soybeanSoybeanmeal參數(shù)焙烤大豆豆粕VillusHeight絨毛高度+8.5%+11.8%Anti-soyTiters抗大豆蛋白抗體滴度-3.0%-8.6%BiologicalValue生物學(xué)價值+11.4%+7.2%NRetention,%氮沉積(%)+15.0%+19.8%NRetention,g/d氮沉積(克/天)+39.0%+44.6%ME,%代謝能(%)+20.3%+11.0%MERetention,g/d代謝能沉積(克/天)+41.4%+46.6%MEkcal/lb代謝能(大卡/磅)+35.0%+32.5%RichardL.Triple"F",1994InfluenceofFFSBMonPerformanceofStarterPigs(7.5kg)

SBM+SBORoastedExtruded？？？?？??豆粕+豆油焙烤膨化35days35天

ADG,kg日增重(公斤)0.43 0.38 0.45ADF,kg日采食(公斤) 0.76 0.73 0.79F/G耗料/增重 1.771.92 1.76App.Dig.(d.14)表觀消化率(14天)DM,%干物質(zhì)(%)85.680.5 85.5N,%氮(%) 82.080.5 83.3Hancocketal(1990)飼喂全脂大豆對保育期仔豬(7.5千克體重)性能的影響InfluenceofFFSBMformondigestibilityinstarterpigs(16.9kg)

RoastedExtruded%FFSBMFFSBM Increased

焙烤全脂大豆膨化全脂大豆增加%Fat1脂肪

63.4 85.7 26.0DM1干物質(zhì)

86.0 90.5 5.0Energy1能量

81.9 89.7 8.7N1氮

79.5 86.8 8.41P<0.05Adams&Jensen(1985)飼喂全脂大豆對保育期仔豬(16.9千克)消化率的影響InfluenceofFFSBMonPerformanceofGrowing-FinishingHogs(11exps.1970-87)

飼喂全脂大豆對生長肥育豬性能的影響

(1970-1987,11個實驗)

%

SBMFFSBMDifference

豆粕全脂大豆差異%ADG,kg日增重(公斤)0.750.77 +2.70ADFI,kg日采食(公斤)2.642.47 -6.4F/G耗料/增重

3.52 3.21 -8.8

Reese(1988)InfluenceofFFSBMonCarcassOmega-3FattyAcidPercentinSwine(54to110kg)飼喂全脂大豆對豬(54-110千克)胴體中ω-3脂肪酸含量的影響

Corn+Corn+ SBM FFSBM%

玉米+豆粕玉米+Diff

全脂大豆差異Loineye1

眼肌0.0840.339+404Ham1后腿0.1710.458+268Pelvicfat1

盆腔脂肪0.3131.187+3791P<0.05Newcombet

al(1988)Effectofmoistordryextrusionofsoymealongrowth

performanceofweanlingpigs&apparentDMdigestibility

濕膨化豆粕和干膨化豆粕對斷奶豬性能和干物質(zhì)消化率的影響

Dry-ExtrudedMoist-ExtrudedItemSBMSBMSBM項目豆粕干膨化豆粕濕膨化豆粕Day0to140-14天ADG,g日增重(克) 168222 236ADFI,g日采食(克) 254 268 290G/F耗料/增重

0.66 0.83 0.81Day0to280-28天ADG,g日增重(克) 181 313 354ADFI,g日采食(克) 363 449 472G/F耗料/增重 0.50 0.70 0.75Digestibility,%消化率%

Day-14N14天氮

86.3 89.3 89.0Friesenetal(1993)Conclusion結(jié)論

1.DonotuseroastedFFSBM

不要用烘烤全脂大豆

2.UsehighqualityEFFSBM

要用高質(zhì)量膨化全脂大豆

3.TrytogetWet-Extruded

FFSBMifpossible

如有可能，請用濕膨化全脂大豆.SoybeanOilinSwineDiets

豆油用于豬日糧ImportantFunctionsofLipidsNutritional營養(yǎng)學(xué)功能SourceofenergyviaBoxidation通過氧化作用提供能量Sourceofessentialfattyacids提供必需脂肪酸Carriersoffat-solublevitaminsandfacilitateabsorptionoffat-solublevitamins

脂溶性維生素A,D,E,K的載體,有利于其吸收利用脂肪的重要功能Nutritionalvalueoffeedstuffsforpigs國家公布的生長豬飼料養(yǎng)分含量值Wheatbran麥麩Wheat小麥Corn玉米Pea豌豆Rapeseedmeal菜籽粕Cottonseedmeal

棉籽粕Soybeanmeal豆粕Fat脂肪ME代謝能

579710097716697240DLys可消化賴氨酸181184951361000*DLys/ME*0.511.291.001.860*:；gdigestiblelysine/MJME可消化賴氨酸克數(shù)/兆焦代謝能DigestibilitiesofDifferentTypeFatatDifferentAgesofPigs不同日齡的豬對各種脂肪的消化率

Digestibility,%

消化率%

Typesoffats 3weeksage7weeksage脂肪類型3周齡7周齡Short-chain(>14C)短鏈

86 96Mediem-chain (14-18C)中鏈

70 90Long-chain(>18C) 長鏈

37 78Source:Lloyd(1957)Impactofratioofunsaturatedtosaturatedfattyacidsondigestibilityofnon-ruminants

非反芻畜日糧中不飽和脂肪酸與飽和脂肪酸的比率對脂肪消化率的影響Fats Unsat.:Sat. Digestibility MEkcal/kg脂肪不飽和:飽和消化率代謝能(千卡/公斤)Soyoil 7.3:1.0 98% 9,257豆油Tallow 1.1:1.0 67% 6,556 牛油Influenceofdifferentfatsourcesandformsonabsorption

脂肪的不同來源和不同形式對脂肪吸收的影響

Fatsource Fatform Absorption,%脂肪源脂肪形式吸收率%Soybeanoil豆油Glyceride

甘油酯

98?????????????????Freefattyacid游離脂肪酸 88Lard豬油 Glyceride

甘油酯 93

Freefattyacid游離脂肪酸

68Tallow牛油

Glyceride

甘油酯 67

Freefattyacid游離脂肪酸

51Hill,1964ComparisonofFatsSourceSourceOil Saturated Poly- Mono-油脂來源

fat,% unsaturated,% unsaturated,%

飽和脂肪多不飽和單不飽和Soybeanoil豆油

15 61 24Cornoil玉米油

14 61 25Canolaoil低毒菜子油

7 31 62Sunfloweroil葵籽油

11 69 20Cottonseedoil棉籽油 27 54 19Peanutoil花生油

18 34 48Lard豬油

41 12 47Tallow牛油

52 4 44Palmoil棕櫚油

52 9 39不同脂肪源的比較Gain,g/d蛋白質(zhì)沉積率克/天FromQuiniouetal.,1996摘自：Quiniou等,1996Barrows;45to100kgBW閹公豬；體重45-100千克EffectofMEintakeonproteingain代謝能攝入量對蛋白質(zhì)沉積的影響Practicalrange實用范圍

MEintake,MJ/d

代謝能攝入量(兆焦/天)

Energylevel,kcal/kg日糧能量(大卡/公斤)

ITEM項目

3100330035203740EXP.1:實驗1

DailyGain日增重(克)221254263

242

Gain/Feed增重/耗料

0.5950.5950.6840.735EXP.2:實驗2

DailyGain,g日增重(克)303338366327

Gain/Feed增重/耗料

0.5740.5780.6900.709McConnelletal.(1982).Exp.1:91pigs,3-6Exp.2:42pigs,3-8wks.EnergyLevelsforEarlyWeanedPigs早期斷奶仔豬日糧的能量水平EffectofHighEnergyDietsinGrowing-FinishingComparedtoFinishingPeriod高能日糧用于生長/肥育豬的效果比較

ME(kcal/kg)日糧代謝能(千卡/公斤)34103586Grower:生長豬：DailyGain,kg日增重(公斤)0.740.75DailyFeed,kg日采食(公斤)2.001.78Gain/Feed增重/耗料0.3700.420(13.5%)xFinisher:肥育豬：DailyGain,kg日增重(公斤)0.940.92DailyFeed,kg日采食(公斤)3.122.81Gain/Feed增重/耗料0.3010.327(8.6%)xRalstonPurina;x:Percentageimprovementduetoaddedenergy

因增加能量而改善的百分率；·Responsetohighenergydietgreateringrowingperiod(25-55kg)thaninfinisherperiod(55-100kg)生長期(25-55公斤體重)對高能日糧的反應(yīng)大于肥育期(55-100公斤體重)的反應(yīng)。PurdueUniversity,2001FeedEfficiencyofPigsFedRoutineDietsandHighLipidDiet[a,bmeanssignificantlydifference(P<0.01)][a,b:表示差異顯著(P<0.01)]

a

b

a

bRoutinediet普通日糧Highlipiddiet高脂肪日糧Growthrate(g/d)生長率(克/天)24-38天

days24-52天

days24-71天daysab對豬飼喂常規(guī)日糧和高脂肪日糧時的飼料利用率24-38days天24-52days天24-71days天(a,b:P<0.05,A,B:P<0.01)Feed/gain耗料/增重ABABabFeedEfficiencyofPigsFedRoutineDietsandHighLipidDiet對豬飼喂常規(guī)日糧和高脂肪日糧時的飼料利用率RoutineDiets普通日糧Highlipiddiets高脂肪日糧BW=220kg體重=220千克Litter=3000g/d窩增重=3000克/天ME=107.2MJ/d代謝能=107.2兆焦/天25%75%MEm=26.3MJ/d維持代謝能26.3兆焦/天MEmilk=80.9MJ/d乳中代謝能=80.9兆焦/天0.46MJME/kgBW0.750.46兆焦代謝能/千克體重0.758.2kg/d8.2千克/天Energyrequirements:lactatingsow泌乳母豬的能量需要量

Corn-Soy玉米-豆粕日糧ItemsNofatSoyoil,4.5%Dryfat,5.5%

不加脂肪加豆油4.5%加干脂肪5.5%No.ofpiglets實驗豬數(shù)

297299287Birthbodyweight,kg初生重(公斤)1.491.481.48Weaningbodyweight,kg斷奶重(公斤)5.40a5.56b5.75cADG,g日增重(克)195.7a204.1b213.5cNote:1.Meansvaluesinthesamerowwithdifferentsuperscriptweresign