2022年考研考博-考博英語-湖北省聯(lián)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)46

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湖北省聯(lián)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theteam’seffortstoscorewere（

）bytheopposinggoalkeeper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpassed

B.doubled

C.frustrated

D.furthered

【答案】C

【解析】句意:球隊(duì)努力得分,但由于對(duì)方的守門員而慘遭失敗。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.

Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.

Thefinalmajorcomponentofascientifictheoryisitssyntax,ortherulesanddefinitionsthatstatehowtheindependentanddependentvariablesaretobemeasured,andthatspecifytherelationshipsamongindependentvariables,interveningvariables,anddependentvariables.Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.Thesyntaxalsorelatesthecyclestothedependentvariable,performance,bystatingthatpositivecyclesshouldcausehighlevelsofperformancewhereasloworcriticalcyclesshouldcauselowperformancelevels.Tosummarize,thecomponentsofascientifictheorycanbedividedintofourmajorcategories:independentvariables,dependentvariables,interveningvariables,andsyntax.

1.Basedonthepassage,causalitymayhavethemeaningthat（

）.

2.Accordingtobiorhythmtheory,（

）.

3.Manytheoriesforpredictingtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect（

）.

4.Theexampleoftheping-pongballisusedto（

）.

5.Theword“syntax”usedinthelastparagraphreferstothe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeandeffectcanbeindependentofeachother

B.thereishardlyanythingthathappenswithoutacause

C.dependentandindependentvariablesaffecteachother

D.causeandeffectmayvaryrespectivelyinmostevents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.one’sbehaviorcanbepredictedbyknowinghisorherbirthday

B.nobodycanchoosehisorherdateofbirthasheorshewishes

C.anindividual’sperformanceisirrelevanttohisorherbirthday

D.aperson’slevelofperformancevariesaccordingtothetestdate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.testifytheircompleteconformitywithgeneralscientificprinciples

B.justifytheidentityofdependent,independent,andinterveningvariables

C.specifythetimeperiodsofbodilycyclesintermsofpsychologicaltests

D.verifytheirpredictionbyvariablesinconsistentwithconventionsofscience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.indicateahardnuttocrackinphysics

B.predictvariablesinaperson’sperformance

C.proveacommonfeaturemosttheorieshave

D.showthenegligibilityofinterveningvariables

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rulesusedfororderingandconnectingwordsinasentence

B.principlesdefiningtheconnectionsamongdifferentvariables

C.definitionsdescribingtheimpactofbiorhythmonone’sbehavior

D.criteriameasuringaperson’sperformancelevelswithbiorhythm

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.”可知，causality指的是因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)最后一段“Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.”生物節(jié)奏理論體系描述了如何使用一個(gè)人的生日來計(jì)算三個(gè)周期的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。也就是說，一個(gè)人的行為可以通過知道他或她的生日來預(yù)測(cè)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，為了預(yù)測(cè)自變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系，許多科學(xué)理論使用了所謂的介入變量。介入變量是不能直接觀察到的純理論概念。而在第一段有提及，科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件。由此可以推斷，許多預(yù)測(cè)因果關(guān)系的理論用不符合科學(xué)慣例的變量來驗(yàn)證他們的預(yù)測(cè)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段“Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.”科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件，就比如乒乓球。作者用乒乓球的例子是想證明大多數(shù)理論都有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，那就是自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句，科學(xué)理論的最后一個(gè)主要組成部分是它的體系，或者說是描述如何測(cè)量自變量和因變量的規(guī)則和定義，以及詳細(xì)說明自變量、介入變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInformationExplosion.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Currentsituationofinformationexplosion;

2.Advantagesofinformationexplosion;

3.Disadvantagesofinformationexplosion;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】InformationExplosion

Itisknowntoallthatoursisaninformationera,inwhichinformationisavailablethroughmanychannels,suchasbooks,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstationsandtheInternet.Therapidincreaseintheamountofpublishedinformationandtheeffectsofthisabundanceofdataareknownasinformationexplosion.Toomuchinformationhasinevitablybecomeaheavyburdentosomepeople’sspirituallifebecausetheydonotknowwhatinformationtoturnto.

Thereisnodoubtthatinformationexplosionhasitsadvantages.Asmentionedearlier,wecangetinformationthroughmanychannels.Forexample,ifwewanttocollectinformationconcerningawell-knownproduct,wecandosobyreadingnewspapers,magazines,watchingTVorsurfingtheInternet.Thegreatestadvantageofinformationexplosionliesintheconvenienceithasofferedus.

However,informationexplosionhasitsdisadvantages.Forinstance,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstations,andtheInternetareabletoprovideuswithaseaofinformation,facedwithwhichwehavegreatdifficultyinselectinginformationsuitableforus.

Onthebasisoftheaboveanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthatinformationexplosionisamixedblessing.Asfarasweareconcerned,wemustnotbenervousinthefaceofinformationexplosion.Whatreallycountsistolearntofiltertheinformationwehavegot.Inotherwords,wemustlearntodistinguishtrueinformationfromfalseinformation,differentiateusefulinformationfromharmfulinformation.

4.單選題

InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.

Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.

WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.

“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”

Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.

Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.

Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”

“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.

Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.

Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.

1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?

2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.

3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?

4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PhilBelfiore

B.JohnThompson

C.Robertfrost

D.DavidThompson

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.learntowritepoems

B.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunch

C.connecthisbrother

D.discussRobertfrostwithhim

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Storiesandholidayromance

B.Travelandexoticplaces

C.Poemsandliterature

D.Sportsandfamily

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.

B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.

C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.

D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：誰編著了菲爾家答錄機(jī)里的這首詩(shī)？通過題干定位到文章第一段的第二句話Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜歡他寫給學(xué)生的樣例，所以他將其錄入了家里的答錄機(jī)），這里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A選項(xiàng)“菲爾?貝爾菲奧爾”，符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)均不是答錄機(jī)里這首詩(shī)的作家。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：約翰首次呼叫菲爾的原因是他想要……？通過題干定位到文章第三段第二句話Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位紳士為打錯(cuò)電話而道歉。），第五段第三句話再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（約翰的哥哥大衛(wèi)的電話號(hào)碼和菲爾家的僅差一個(gè)數(shù)字，所以打錯(cuò)了電話），可以推斷出約翰本來想和他的哥哥打電話，因?yàn)榘村e(cuò)了號(hào)碼打給了菲爾，因此C選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)系他哥哥”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫詩(shī)”，B選項(xiàng)“參加菲爾的生日宴會(huì)”和D選項(xiàng)“和他探討羅伯特這位詩(shī)人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：兩位男士談?wù)摰米疃嗟氖?通過題干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人們談?wù)撟闱蚝图彝ァ斑@些年來，我們的談話慢慢變得越來越私人?！狈茽栒f?！拔覀冎饕?wù)摷s翰的健康和感情生活，還有我們的親戚、愛好和其他的……”），可知D選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)和家庭”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“故事和假期”；B選項(xiàng)“旅行和異國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“詩(shī)歌和文學(xué)”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于約翰和菲爾，我們知道什么？A選項(xiàng)“他們是沒有見過面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句話JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（約翰和菲爾有過兩次見面計(jì)劃，但是情況都有變動(dòng)。），可知他們從沒見面過，故A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們都是對(duì)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作很有熱情的詩(shī)人”，D選項(xiàng)“他們都是喜歡長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打電話的退伍軍人”文中提及菲爾是教師，約翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們都是有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我認(rèn)為約翰是一位有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人），但是并沒有提及菲爾是否擅長(zhǎng)講故事，C選項(xiàng)屬于原文的過度推斷，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

6.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

7.單選題

Thebookcontainedalarge（

）ofinformation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deal

B.amount

C.number

D.sum

【答案】B

【解析】alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞；alargenumberof+可數(shù)名詞；deal的用法為agreat/gooddealof+不可數(shù)名詞。information為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.單選題

Amanwhocould（

）suchtreatmentwasamanofremarkablephysicalcourageandmoralstrength.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bearupon

B.standupto

C.insiston

D.persistin

【答案】B

【解析】bearupon有關(guān)，瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)...施加壓力；standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗，勇敢地面對(duì)；insiston堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求；persistin堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)于。句意：能夠經(jīng)得起這種對(duì)待的人是很有膽量和勇氣的人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

ScarJoisnotthefirstAmericantoconveytheimpressionthatyoucangetbyinPariswithoutspeakingFrench;DavidSedarisfoundplentyofmaterialwritingabouthisdreadoflearningFrenchwhenhelivedinParis.Heavoidedthechallengelargelybyhidingawayalldayintheaters,watchingEnglish-languagefilms.DirectorWesAndersonloveshisplaceinParis,butfreelyadmitshedoesn’tspeakthelanguageatleastnotwellenoughtounderstandqueriesatpressconferences.Hence,thequestion:CanyouactuallyliveinPariswithoutspeakingFrench?

AssomeonemarriedtoaFrenchman,withwhomIliveinParisafewmonthsofeveryyear,I’lloffermyquickanswer:Yes.Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars,allowedmetoloveParisiansafteralongperiodoffindingthemcompletelyimpossible.Ifyouaregoingtolearn,theonlywaytogoistotalimmersion.So:

1.TakelessonsorhireatutortositinacafeandspeakFrenchwithyouasoftenasyoucanafford.(Andgiventhenumberofwell-educated,unemployedParisyouthseekingwork,it’snotthatexpensive.)

2.InsistthatyourFrenchfriendsspeakonlyFrenchwithyou.Thisispainfulandwillsendyouhomeattheendofthedaywithanachinghead.Butyou’llalsosoonrealizejusthowdifferenteverydayFrenchisfromthestilted,outdatedFrenchyoulearnedinschool.Onlyveryformalorwrittencasescallforbeginningquestionswith“Est-ceque...”orforusingthenousformforusanymore.AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis,whoseEnglishmasteryembarrassinglyfallsbehindnotjustNorthernEuropebutEasternEurope,andwhoseconfidencelevelsaboutspeakingEnglish,accordingly,arealsolow.

Also,don’ttakeoffenseifsomeoneseemstobealmostdaringyoutospeakFrench.SaysmyfriendCindraFeuer,whohasbeenlivingonandoffinParisfornearlytwoyearswithherFrenchgirlfriend:HerfatherspeaksgoodEnglish,buthealwaystalkstomeinFrench.IthoughtitwasachallengeuntilmygirlfriendtoldmethathewasjustinsecureaboutspeakinglessthanperfectEnglisharoundme.AndthereinliesabigdifferencebetweenParisiansandAmericans,andourschoolingsystems.Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.You,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,ifonecan’treallytalktoParisians,hewill________.

6.Parisianslikereplyingtoothers’FrenchwiththeirEnglishbecause________.

7.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutParisianswhencomparedwithAmericans?

8.Whatistheauthorgoingtowriteaboutattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoidmeetingwithFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence

B.failtogetbyorchatwithParisiansincafesandbars

C.missthechanceofenjoyingtherealcharmofParisians

D.finditanurgentcalltolearnFrenchwell

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareafraidofmakingothersoffended

B.theyfeelinferiortoEuropeansintermsoflanguage

C.theyarehelpfultopeopleoutsideofParis

D.theyfeelproudoftheirabilitytospeakgoodEnglish

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheydonotallowthemselvestomakemistakesinspeakingEnglish.

B.TheyfeelassuredaboutstumblingwhenspeakingtoAmericans.

C.TheydonotliketheirschoolingsystemofteachingEnglish.

D.TheyenjoycompetingwithAmericansinspeakingEnglish.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SuggestionsonhowtospeakproperFrench.

B.Adviceonhowtocastshameaside.

C.Guidanceforlookingforaqualifiedtutor.

D.ArrangementsforpractisingFrench.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)人不能和巴黎人交流，他將……？根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段第二句話Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.（但是如果你真的不能和巴黎人交談，你將永不能發(fā)現(xiàn)，藏在法國(guó)人害羞和缺乏自信——常表現(xiàn)為冷漠和偏執(zhí)背后的是那些美麗的，體貼的，溫和的，甜美的軟肋。），可知巴黎人通常表現(xiàn)為冷漠和偏執(zhí)，只有通過交流，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的各種優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，C選項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)失了欣賞巴黎人真正的魅力的機(jī)會(huì)”，符合題意；A項(xiàng)“不會(huì)看到法國(guó)人的害羞以及缺乏自信”，與原文相悖，故排除；文章第二段第三句話Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars（最有效的方式就是和他們?cè)诳Х瑞^或者酒吧聊天），這句話說明了解巴黎人的魅力的方法是通過在咖啡館和酒吧聊天，而B項(xiàng)“不能和巴黎人在咖啡館和酒吧聊天”，不是不能和巴黎人交流的后果，而是和巴黎人交流最好的方式，因此B選項(xiàng)不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好法語是急迫要求”，在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：巴黎人喜歡用英語回應(yīng)其他法國(guó)人是因?yàn)椤?？根?jù)題干定位到文章第四段第五句話AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.（當(dāng)一個(gè)巴黎人用英語回答你的法語時(shí)，你要記住，這是她炫耀和練習(xí)英語的機(jī)會(huì)），可知D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)于自己說好英語的能力感到驕傲”，符合題意；根據(jù)文章第四段第六句話ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis...,arealsolow.（巴黎人想讓你知道，他們比巴黎以外的法國(guó)人更有可能講一口流利的英語……，他們對(duì)說英語也沒有什么自信。），可知除巴黎之外其他城市的法國(guó)人說英語不如歐洲人而且他們不自信，而B選項(xiàng)“在語言方面，他們覺得自己不如歐洲人”，主語是巴黎人，不符合題意，排除；A選項(xiàng)“他們害怕讓其他人感到不舒服”和C選項(xiàng)“他們有助于巴黎之外的人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：和美國(guó)人相比，作者怎么認(rèn)為巴黎人？根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第五句話Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.（我們受過教育，且我們的文化教會(huì)我們摔倒，嘗試后失敗，不完美都是沒關(guān)系的。然而老式，生硬，說教，以羞恥為基礎(chǔ)的法國(guó)學(xué)校教育體制很難改變。法國(guó)人常害怕說英語，除非他們確認(rèn)自己不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)），可知法國(guó)人只有在確定沒有錯(cuò)誤的前提下，才會(huì)說英語，因此A選項(xiàng)“在說英語的時(shí)候，他們不允許自己犯錯(cuò)”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)和美國(guó)人說英語的時(shí)候，對(duì)于障礙，他們感到自信”，本句提到美國(guó)人說第二母語是不會(huì)害怕犯錯(cuò)的，但是法國(guó)人相反，因此B選項(xiàng)的描述錯(cuò)誤，排除；C項(xiàng)“他們不喜歡學(xué)校的英語教學(xué)體制”，在文中沒有提及，故排除；D項(xiàng)“在說英語方面，他們享受和美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，文章只提及了美國(guó)人和法國(guó)人在說非母語時(shí)的不同，并沒有提到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故D選項(xiàng)排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：在文章末尾，作者打算寫……？最后一段作者提到相比于美國(guó)人，法國(guó)人說英語時(shí)害怕犯錯(cuò)。緊接著最后一句話提到Y(jié)ou,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.（然而，你應(yīng)該拋開羞恥。如果你沒有時(shí)間請(qǐng)家教，這里有一個(gè)快速指南教你如何偽裝。），可知作者建議我們學(xué)習(xí)法語時(shí)，不應(yīng)該害羞，害怕犯錯(cuò)，如果沒時(shí)間上課學(xué)習(xí)法語，這里有一些建議，因此作者接下來很可能會(huì)教授如何說好法語的建議，因此A選項(xiàng)“說好法語的建議”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“拋開恥辱的建議”和C選項(xiàng)“尋找合格導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)”都是屬于文章的過度推斷，排除；D選項(xiàng)“練習(xí)法語的安排”，作者只會(huì)給讀者一些建議，而不是安排，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

10.翻譯題

ItisnotdifficulttobepessimisticaboutthefutureofEuropeanbusiness.

ComparedwiththeawesomestrengthofAmericaandtherawpowerofemergingAsia,Europeissometimesportrayedasahas-been,excellinginluxurygoods,finefood,winesandfashionbutweigheddownbytoomanyoldindustriesandoldideas.Frommicrochipstomicrobes,pooroldEuropeseemstotrailinAmerica’sandAsia’swake.

AmericaenjoysawesomeadvantagesoverEurope.Itisahuge,trulysinglemarketwitharelativelyyouthful,growingpopulation.Itistheworld’seconomicsuperpower,withmuchhigherproductivitythanitscompetitors(thoughproductivitygrowthhasrecentlybeendisappointing,andlastyearwasslightlybelowEurope’s).Ithasworld-classuniversitiesthatworkhandinglovewithbusinesses.AmericanshavenotonlywonmoreNobelprizes,theyhaveturnedmorescientificadvancesintoprofitablebusinessesthananyoneelse.Manyofthesefirmshavegoneontobecomethegiantsofmodernbusiness.

ItmayhavebeenaBritishscientist,SirTimBerners-Lee,workingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland,whoinventedtheworldwideweb,butAmericaisthehomeoftheInternetandallthebusinesssectorsithasspawned.

AndevenwhereEuropeisholdingitsownagainstAmerica,itseemsunabletoretainitsadvantage.Boeingdriftedbadlyinthe1990sasEurope’sAirbusmadestrides,buthavingmergedwithMcDonnellDouglas,theAmericangiantbouncedback.ItisnowtakingmarketsharefromtheEuropeans.

America’seconomicgrowth,averaging2.5%ayearsince2001,hasreflectedthisdynamicbusinessculture,whereasEuropehasmanagedanaveragegrowthrateofbarely1.5%overthesameperiod,thoughthepacehaspickedupinthepastyear.Europe’ssluggishperformanceisoftenputdowntothepoorbusinessclimate.Rigidlaborlawsandstrongunionsmakeitdifficultforfirmstofireredundantworkersandunattractivetohirenewones.ProductmarketsarenotascompetitiveasAmerica’s,andthesingleEuropeanmarkethasyettobecomearealityinareassuchasbankingandservices.

Corporategovernancetooisvariable:transparentandworld-classinBritain,butofteninadequateincontinentalEurope.Moreover,Europeangovernmentsliketomeddle.Francehasdrawnupalistofstrategicindustries,includingcasinos,thatitthinksneedspecialprotectionfromforeigntakeovers.EvenSpain,withitsnewAnglo-Saxonbusinessculture,triedtostopaGermanutilityfromtakingoveraSpanishpowercompany.TelecomItalia’sattemptstohiveoffitsmobile-phonebusinessbecamehighlypoliticized.

ManyEuropeanpoliticiansarefearfulabouttheeffectsofglobalizationandtheriseofChinaandIndia.CertainlyAsiahasbeenmakingitselfmorestronglyfeltinEuropeinrecentyears.JapannowhascarfactoriesinFranceandtheCzechRepublicaswellasinBritain,andimportsfromSouthKorea’sresurgentcarindustryhavebeencausingdifficultiesatRenaultandPSAPeugeotCriterion.India’sTataGrouptooisplanningtoexportcarstosomesouthernandeasternEuropeanmarketswheretheywillprovidemorecompetitionforthetraditionalwestEuropeanmanufacturers.

【答案】美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢(shì)讓人肅然起敬,日益崛起的亞洲生機(jī)勃勃,而歐洲則如昔日黃花,過分追求奢侈品、時(shí)尚和美酒佳肴