2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)66

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Heisverykindandhasputhiscarentirelyatour______fortheholiday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usage

B.disposal

C.pleasure

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B選項(xiàng)atone’sdisposal“由某人支配，由某人做主”；C選項(xiàng)atone’spleasure“隨心所欲”；D選項(xiàng)position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常熱心，在假期把他的汽車______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是把車借給我們用，B選項(xiàng)atone’sdisposal“由某人支配”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.provided

C.whether

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查從句。句意：______賦予那位女家教老師完全的支配權(quán)，她答應(yīng)去教那個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子。橫線面前部分是主句，橫線后面部分是從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)that可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等；B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；C選項(xiàng)whether意思為“是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等，意思為“不論”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，教這個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子是有挑戰(zhàn)的事情，那位教師只有擁有完全的掌控權(quán)，她才肯做這件事，B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”符合題意。D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤痹谶@里不如B選項(xiàng)provided符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動(dòng))insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬(wàn)種不同的動(dòng)物中，人類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了與大量的動(dòng)物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動(dòng)物關(guān)系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項(xiàng)“人與許多動(dòng)物建立了密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項(xiàng)“除非被馴化，否則動(dòng)物是無(wú)用的”和C選項(xiàng)“世界上有成千上萬(wàn)種動(dòng)物”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會(huì)服從主人，C選項(xiàng)“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項(xiàng)“尋找食物”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動(dòng)物不會(huì)表達(dá)明確的要求，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來(lái)喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動(dòng)物看起來(lái)無(wú)精打采。），可知缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)不會(huì)讓動(dòng)物馬上病倒，而是沒有精神。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說明狗對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力很強(qiáng)，但不能說明它們是最強(qiáng)壯的狗，A選項(xiàng)“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的適應(yīng)能力”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強(qiáng)壯的品種”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“他們可以充當(dāng)人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護(hù)，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對(duì)應(yīng)朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當(dāng)進(jìn)食。），隨后具體地說明如何適當(dāng)進(jìn)食，D選項(xiàng)“注意適當(dāng)喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不允許它進(jìn)行過量的運(yùn)動(dòng)”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動(dòng)物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國(guó)家有組織免費(fèi)或低價(jià)提供。），可知這主要是針對(duì)治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來(lái)照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動(dòng)物值得為它們的健康花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費(fèi)一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，綜合來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)“家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。D選項(xiàng)“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Mymothercamehereonlyfora______stay.ShewouldflytoLosAngelesthenextday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premature

B.transient

C.shortened

D.prolonged

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premature“草率的；提早的”；B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”；C選項(xiàng)shortened“縮短的”；D選項(xiàng)prolonged“長(zhǎng)期的”。句意：我母親來(lái)這里______停留。第二天她將飛往洛杉磯。根據(jù)第二天就要走，可知這里指的是短暫停留，B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appropriate“盜用；撥（?？畹龋保籅選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”；C選項(xiàng)admit“承認(rèn)（不好、不快或?qū)擂蔚氖聦?shí)）”；D選項(xiàng)affect“（感情上）深深打動(dòng)；使悲傷（或憐憫等）”。句意：我們都______你來(lái)幫助我們。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里幫助對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Pleasegivemybest______toyourfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.attention

C.regards

D.cares

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notice“察覺；通知”；B選項(xiàng)attention“注意力”；C選項(xiàng)regards“用在（bestregards）和（withkindregards）等表達(dá)方式中，表示對(duì)某人的良好祝愿”；D選項(xiàng)cares“關(guān)注”。句意：請(qǐng)代我向你的家人______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是禮貌用語(yǔ)，表達(dá)對(duì)他人的關(guān)心，C選項(xiàng)regards符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullup

B.pluckup

C.holdup

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)pullup“停車；停下；（將椅子）挪近然后坐下”；B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”，pluckupthecourage(todosth.)；C選項(xiàng)holdup“舉起；耽擱；（在逆境中）保持良好狀況”；D選項(xiàng)setup“設(shè)置；成立；創(chuàng)建”。句意：別灰心！你應(yīng)該______勇氣克服困難。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指要勇敢面對(duì)困難，B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Ifyouplaywithelectricity,youmaygetanelectric______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strike

B.beat

C.shock

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)strike“擊，打，踢；打擊”；B選項(xiàng)beat“有規(guī)律的敲擊（聲）；（音樂、詩(shī)歌等的）節(jié)拍”；C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”，electricshock；D選項(xiàng)knock“敲，擊；（常為無(wú)意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄電，就可能會(huì)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指被電打到，C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)legal“法律的；合法的”；B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則，法規(guī)”；C選項(xiàng)limitation“起限制作用的規(guī)則（limitationsonimports進(jìn)口限制）”；D選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)定，協(xié)議”。句意：艾倫是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，從不違反______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是艾倫從不違反足球比賽的規(guī)則，B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則”符合題意。C選項(xiàng)limitation強(qiáng)調(diào)的是限制，不符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Getupearlyandruneveryday.Youwill______alotfromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receive

B.make

C.benefit

D.win

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)receive“收到”；B選項(xiàng)make“制造，做，組裝”；C選項(xiàng)benefit“對(duì)（某人）有用，使受益”；D選項(xiàng)win“（在比賽、賽跑、戰(zhàn)斗等中）獲勝，贏”。句意：每天早起跑步。你會(huì)從中______良多。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是早起跑步會(huì)帶來(lái)很多好處，C選項(xiàng)benefit“使受益”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theoriginalguidelinesonlyhavesomemethodsinthem.Nowwearegoingto______exactlywhatkindoffoodisgoodfortheirhealthandwhatisbad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeclearittothepublic

B.makeittothepublicclear

C.makeitcleartothepublic

D.makecleartothepublicitis

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原來(lái)的指南中只有一些方法。現(xiàn)在我們要讓公眾清楚地知道什么樣的食物對(duì)他們的健康有好處，什么是不好的。begoingto后面用動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合固定搭配makesth.+adj.tosth.“使A對(duì)B來(lái)說……”，確定C選項(xiàng)makeitcleartothepublic符合題意，其余用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

MyfatherwasverykeenthatshouldgotoOxfordorCambridge.HehimselfhadgonetoUniversityCollege.Oxford,sohethoughtIshouldapplythere,becauseIwouldhaveagreaterchanceofgettingin.Atthattime,UniversityCollegehadnofellowinmathematics,whichwasanotherreasonhewantedmetodochemistry:(1)Icouldtryforascholarshipinnaturalscienceratherthaninmathematics.

TherestofthefamilywenttoIndiaforayear,butIhadtostaybehindtodoAlevelsanduniversityentrance.(2)MyheadmasterthoughtIwasmuchtooyoungtotryforOxford,butwentupinMarch1959todothescholarshipexamwithtwoboysfromtheyearabovemeatschool.IwasconvincedIhaddonebadlyandwasverydepressedwhenduringthepracticalexamuniversitylecturer’scarnearoundtotalktootherpeoplebutnottome.ThenafewdaysafterIgothackfromOxford.IgotatelegramtosayIhadascholarship.

Iwasseventeen,andmostofmeotherstudentsinmyyearhaddonemilitaryserviceandwerealotolder.(3)Ifeltratherlonelyduringmyfirstyearandpartofthesecond.ItwasonlyinmythirdyearthatIreallyfelthappythere.TheprevailingattitudeatOxfordatthattimewasveryanti-work.Youweresupposedtobebrilliantwithouteffort,ortoacceptyourlimitationsandgetafourth-classdegree.(4)Toworkhardtogetabetterclassofdegreewasregardedasthemarkofagrayman—heworstepithetintheOxfordvocabulary.

Atthattime,thephysicscourseatOxfordwasarrangedinawaythatmadeitparticularlyeasytoavoidwork.IdidoneexambeforeIwentup,andthenhadthreeyearsatOxfordwithjustthefinalexamsattheend.IoncecalculatedthatIdidaboutathousandhours’workinthethreeyearsIwasthere,anaverageofanhouraday.(5)I’mnotproudofhislackofwork.I’mjustdescribingmyattitudeatthetime,whichIsharedwithmostofmyfellowstudents:anattitudeofcompleteboredomandfeelingthatnothingwasworthmakinganeffortfor.Oneresultofmyillnesshasbeentochangeallthat:Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeathitm8kesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandthattherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.

【答案】1.我可以申請(qǐng)自然科學(xué)類而非數(shù)學(xué)類的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。

2.我的中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)覺得我報(bào)考牛津大學(xué)年齡太小，可是，1959年3月，我還是與同校高我一級(jí)的兩個(gè)男生一起參加了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金資格考試。

3.在第一年以及第二年的一段時(shí)間里，我覺得很孤獨(dú)，直到第三年我才真正感到愉快。

4.用功苦讀以求成績(jī)提高被看作是灰人的標(biāo)記——那是牛津詞匯中最難聽的一個(gè)稱號(hào)。

5.我并不以這種懈怠學(xué)業(yè)為榮。我只是在描述自己當(dāng)時(shí)的態(tài)度。我和大多數(shù)同學(xué)都抱這種態(tài)度：百無(wú)聊賴，覺得沒有任何事情值得為之努力。

13.單選題

His______haschangedbuthehaskeptthefinequalitiesofascientificresearcher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.state

B.status

C.station

D.statue

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)state“情形，狀態(tài)”；B選項(xiàng)status“社會(huì)地位；（進(jìn)展的）狀況，情形”；C選項(xiàng)station“（舊時(shí)）（正式）社會(huì)地位；站，所”；D選項(xiàng)statue“雕像”。句意：他的______改變了，但仍保持著科研人員的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指他的外在的社會(huì)地位變了，但內(nèi)在品質(zhì)沒有改變，加上這是非常生活化的一句話，可知B選項(xiàng)status“社會(huì)地位”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Parliamentmet______fordecadesinaformerwaterworksbecauseWestGermansinsistedthatBonnwasonlyaprovisionalcapital—pendingthegovernment’sreturntoBerlin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.offandoff

B.onandon

C.offandon

D.andsoon

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)offandoff非詞組；B選項(xiàng)onandon“持續(xù)不停地”；C選項(xiàng)offandon“斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地”；D選項(xiàng)andsoon“諸如此類”。句意：幾十年來(lái)，議會(huì)______在一個(gè)以前的自來(lái)水廠開會(huì)，因?yàn)槲鞯聢?jiān)持認(rèn)為波恩只是一個(gè)等待柏林回歸的臨時(shí)首都。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，橫線處形容這幾十年來(lái)開會(huì)的頻率，C選項(xiàng)offandon“斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項(xiàng)predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項(xiàng)correspondents“通訊員”；D選項(xiàng)opponents“對(duì)手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來(lái)紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drugged“用藥麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B選項(xiàng)drifted“漂流；移向”；C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）；規(guī)定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“給……開（藥）治療……”；D選項(xiàng)floated“漂浮”。句意：醫(yī)生給我做了x光胸透，還給我______了藥。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指醫(yī)生給我開藥，C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Wordhadcomefromthemanager______anewtransactionwouldbeconcluded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：經(jīng)理傳出消息說將達(dá)成一筆新交易。橫線前后都是完整的句子，結(jié)合橫線后面的句子對(duì)word進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，確定橫線后面為同位語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，B選項(xiàng)that符合題意。C選項(xiàng)which不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)who和D選項(xiàng)when不符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水層).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的報(bào)告表明，在奮力為人民找到充足水源的許多國(guó)家中，應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的是政府，而不是地理環(huán)境。

2.聯(lián)合國(guó)最近的幾項(xiàng)研究表明，在世界上越來(lái)越多的地區(qū)，缺水正阻礙糧食生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

3.如果問題基本上是政府自身的過失，政府很容易怪罪于地理環(huán)境。

4.它形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，有的國(guó)家恰如其分地管理了水資源，而有的國(guó)家沒有。

5.美國(guó)和日本分別排在第32位和第36位，這主要是因?yàn)樗麄兪占褪褂盟姆绞皆斐衫速M(fèi)且破壞環(huán)境。

19.單選題

Ineverrealizedthatsomedaywouldbemarriedtoa______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.molecule

B.oxygen

C.genius

D.rug

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)molecule“分子”；B選項(xiàng)oxygen“氧氣”；C選項(xiàng)genius“天才”；D選項(xiàng)rug“小地毯”。句意：我從沒想過有一天會(huì)嫁給一個(gè)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，橫線處指的是人，C選項(xiàng)genius“天才”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影響的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我們所見，如今社會(huì)醫(yī)療保健的重點(diǎn)已從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)防疾病。

2.這個(gè)人沒有生病，甚至可能沒有患上任何特定疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是我們可以想象他可以更健康。

3.傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒有區(qū)分那些僅僅是“沒有生病”的人和那些身體非常健康并且注意身體特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意營(yíng)養(yǎng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們非常重視關(guān)注自身的身體狀況。

5.通過關(guān)注健康的生活方式和概念可以對(duì)人們面對(duì)日常生活挑戰(zhàn)的方式產(chǎn)生積極影響。

21.單選題

Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioning—andAmericanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.

ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.

Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.

Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioningisonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.

1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis________.

3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning________.

4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.

B.Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.

C.Itspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit.

D.Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate

B.thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife

C.theactivelifestyleofallitsusers

D.thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleeffectonitsusers

B.hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind

C.bringsmorebenefitsthandamagetoitsusers

D.doesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Factorylaborers.

B.Consumers.

C.Medicalexperts.

D.Manufacturers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical.

B.Compromising.

C.Neutral.

D.Objective.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.（事實(shí)上，空調(diào)已經(jīng)極大地改變了這個(gè)國(guó)家的性格和習(xí)俗。），可知空調(diào)在很大程度上影響著美國(guó)，A選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)的過多使用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)文明”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.（對(duì)于靈敏的高級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)說，它是必不可少的，因?yàn)樗鼈兊母吖ぷ鳒囟刃枰粩嗟乩鋮s。），可知這里指的是計(jì)算機(jī)需要空調(diào)，而不是計(jì)算機(jī)影響美國(guó)。C選項(xiàng)“公眾的自我追求”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)人類文明的最大貢獻(xiàn)”：文中沒有提到公眾的自我追求對(duì)美國(guó)的影響，也沒有提到美國(guó)對(duì)人類的貢獻(xiàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.（它隨意地迫使家庭退回到門窗緊閉的家庭中，減少了社區(qū)生活的互動(dòng)。），可知空調(diào)減少了人們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)間的交流，B選項(xiàng)“社區(qū)生活中社會(huì)交流的減少”符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“人類適應(yīng)氣候變化能力的喪失”：根據(jù)第四段第三句air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress（空調(diào)可能會(huì)降低人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力），可知空調(diào)會(huì)降低人的適應(yīng)力，但不至于到喪失的地步。C選項(xiàng)“所有用戶積極的生活方式”：文中沒有具體提到空調(diào)讓人的生活方式變得更積極還是消極，這不是文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“減少人類生產(chǎn)和力量”：根據(jù)文章最后一句air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway（空調(diào)……通過在某些方面提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量，把人從自然中解放出來(lái)），可知空調(diào)提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Ifso,air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.（如果是這樣的話，空調(diào)……通過在某些方面提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量，把人從自然中解放出來(lái)，而在其他方面間接地削弱了人的能力。），可知空調(diào)有利有弊，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)用戶來(lái)說有利有弊”正確；沒有分別點(diǎn)出利弊的程度有多深，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)用戶來(lái)說利大于弊”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat…air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（盡管科學(xué)上很少研究習(xí)慣性的空調(diào)是如何影響身心的，但一些醫(yī)學(xué)專家認(rèn)為……空調(diào)可能會(huì)降低人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力。），前文也提到空調(diào)減少社區(qū)生活的互動(dòng)，可知空調(diào)對(duì)人的身心都有影響，但沒有點(diǎn)出對(duì)哪方面的影響更大，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)其用戶沒有什么影響”錯(cuò)誤和B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)身體的影響比對(duì)精神的影響大”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.（在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，空調(diào)作為一種生產(chǎn)援助開始在工業(yè)中傳播），制造商可以從中賺錢，D選項(xiàng)“制造商”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第一段最后一句TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.（如今，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人在家庭、辦公室、工廠、劇院、商店、工作室、學(xué)校、酒店和餐館都需要空調(diào)。），工廠工人可以在夏天仍然享受舒服的室溫，A選項(xiàng)“工廠工人”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第四段第三句somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（但有的醫(yī)學(xué)專家認(rèn)為，就像其他躲避氣候自然變化的技術(shù)一樣，空調(diào)可能會(huì)損害人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力。），醫(yī)學(xué)專家可以以空調(diào)帶給人的影響做研究，C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)專家”錯(cuò)誤。縱觀全文，作者點(diǎn)出空調(diào)帶給用空調(diào)的人的各種壞處，比如減少社區(qū)互動(dòng)、降低適應(yīng)壓力的能力等，所以消費(fèi)者受益最小，B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章提到空調(diào)成本高昂、帶來(lái)的舒適性小，減少了人們的交流，降低了人們適應(yīng)壓力的能力，羅列出很多缺點(diǎn)，卻沒有提到空調(diào)給人們帶來(lái)的具有建設(shè)性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“折衷”和C選項(xiàng)“中立”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“客觀”：帶有批判性就不是客觀的態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Itwasacloseboxinggame,buttheboxerinbluewas______tobethewinnerbythreeofthefourreferees.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destined

B.deemed

C.doomed

D.adapted

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)destined“指定”；B選項(xiàng)deemed“認(rèn)為”；C選項(xiàng)doomed“注定”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)；改裝”。句意：這是一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的拳擊比賽，但4名裁判中有3名______穿藍(lán)衣服的拳擊手獲勝。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指有三位裁判判穿藍(lán)衣服的拳擊手獲勝，B選項(xiàng)deemed“認(rèn)為”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.

2.Theoldexperienc