2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)59

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.Throughoutmuchofitshistory,westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.ThedecadeaftertheFirstWorldWar—the1920’s—witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt;someofthemoresparselysettledpartsoftheregionactuallylostpopulationasmigrantssoughtworkinmoreheavilyindustrializedareas.By1941whentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWarandbegantomobilize,newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.

Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast,italsoaffectedinteriorcitieslikeDenver.Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.Theflowofpeopleintotheseareasprovidedanenormousimpetustotheexpansionoftheserviceindustries—banks,healthcareservicesandschools.Althoughstrainedtothelimitbytheinfluxofnewcomers,westerncommunitieswelcomedthevastreservoirofnewjobopportunities.Atthesametime,theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.Aslandhadservedasamagnetforwesternmigrantsinthelatenineteenthcentury,sowartimemobilizationsetinmotion.

Thereisanothermajorexpansionofpopulation.Indeed,itcouldbesaidthattheentirewesternUnitedStatesbecameagiantboomtownduringtheSecondWorldWar.ThiswasespeciallytrueofCalifornia:OfmorethaneightmillionpeoplewhomovedintotheWestinthedecadeafter1940,one-halfwenttothePacificcoast.Infact,between1940and1950,California’spopulationsurgedbymorethanthreemillionpeople.

16.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

17.Theword“triggered”isclosetinmeaningto________.

18.Whydoestheauthormention“thegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s”inthefirstparagraph?

19.Accordingtothepassage,thedepressionofthe1930’scausedwhichofthefollowing?

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheshipbuildingindustryissuggestedbythepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CaliforniadominatedtheeconomicgrowthoftheWestduringtheSecondWorldWar.

B.Industrialgrowthduringthe1940’sattractedlargenumbersofpeopletotheWest.

C.Themilitarydrewpeopleawayfromcivilianjobsthe1940’s.

D.TheWestexperiencedgradualandsteadyeconomicgrowthfrom1900to1940.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasconnectedto

B.generated

C.interferedwith

D.illuminated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ascausesofgradualpopulationgrowth.

B.Ascontraststolatepatternsofpopulationgrowth.

C.Asillustrationsofamarketeconomy.

D.Asexamplesofwesternpopulationbooms.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AlackofpopulationgrowthintheWest.

B.Thebuildingofnewsuburbs.

C.Acreationofmorejobopportunities.

D.Agrowthinimmigrationfromabroad.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItcameintobeingduringtheFirstWorldWar.

B.ManynewshipbuildingyardswereestablishedonthePacificcoastduringthe1940’s.

C.Denverwasconsideredtobeapoorlocationforshipbuildingfactories.

D.ShipbuildingwasthedominantindustryinOregonandWashington.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章第一段講經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張使西部人口激增，第二段講述工業(yè)發(fā)展吸引人到西方，又因?yàn)槿丝诹鲃?dòng)推動(dòng)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造許多工作機(jī)會(huì)，再次推動(dòng)人口流向這里，第三段具體講述人口的流動(dòng)情況，所以B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)40年代的工業(yè)發(fā)展吸引了大量的人到西方”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加州在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間主導(dǎo)了西部的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.（俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的鋁廠的建立，以及猶他州和加利福尼亞州蓬勃發(fā)展的鋼鐵工業(yè)，都產(chǎn)生了同樣引人注目的影響。），可知不只加州推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，表述錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)40年代，軍事工業(yè)把人們從文職工作中吸引過來(lái)”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.（西部政府設(shè)施的空前擴(kuò)張，如軍事基地，出現(xiàn)數(shù)千個(gè)新的平民的工作機(jī)會(huì)。），創(chuàng)造的新的工作機(jī)會(huì)大多被移民進(jìn)來(lái)的平民消化，而不是把做文職工作的人轉(zhuǎn)移到軍事行業(yè)。D選項(xiàng)“從1900年到1940年，西方經(jīng)歷了緩慢而穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。Trigger的意思為“觸發(fā)，引發(fā)”。根據(jù)第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大戰(zhàn)引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張?jiān)谖鞑恳l(fā)了大規(guī)模的人口激增。），可推測(cè)這里在講經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張和人口激增的關(guān)系，結(jié)合第一段第三句westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.（從19世紀(jì)50年代和19世紀(jì)60年代的淘金熱開始，美國(guó)西部移民的特點(diǎn)是人口的快速增長(zhǎng)，而不是逐漸穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)模式。），可推測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致人口激增，所以B選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)”正確；A選項(xiàng)“有聯(lián)系”不具體，不是最佳答案；C選項(xiàng)“妨礙”和D選項(xiàng)“照亮”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大戰(zhàn)引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張?jiān)诿绹?guó)西部引發(fā)了大規(guī)模的人口激增。）和第二句Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.（當(dāng)然，該地區(qū)對(duì)人口激增并不陌生。），接著舉出例子，可知這一段通過論點(diǎn)和例子表達(dá)西部人口激增，所以D選項(xiàng)“作為西部人口激增的例子”正確。A選項(xiàng)“作為人口逐漸增長(zhǎng)的原因”和B選項(xiàng)“與人口增長(zhǎng)的后期模式形成對(duì)比”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)“作為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的例證”文章沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句和第五句witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt（見證了另一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的人口涌入美國(guó)西部，尤其是涌入城市地區(qū)的浪潮。但是20世紀(jì)30年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條使這種擴(kuò)張停止了），這個(gè)擴(kuò)張指的是人口涌入西方，所以經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條導(dǎo)致人口增長(zhǎng)停滯，A選項(xiàng)“西部缺乏人口增長(zhǎng)”正確，D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)外移民的增長(zhǎng)”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“新郊區(qū)的建設(shè)”和C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”跟經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條無(wú)關(guān)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段第一句By1941…newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast…（到1941年……美國(guó)西部地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。如果說(shuō)造船和飛機(jī)制造等工業(yè)的擴(kuò)張?jiān)谔窖笱匕蹲顬轱@著……），可知B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)40年代，太平洋沿岸建立了許多新的造船廠”正確，C選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為在丹佛辦造船工廠的位置不好”沒有提到。A選項(xiàng)“在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間形成”：文章沒有提到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的情況，而是在那之后美國(guó)西部的情況。D選項(xiàng)“造船是俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashington（俄勒岡州和華盛頓州建立鋁廠所產(chǎn)生的影響也同樣引人注目），不可得出造船是俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，屬于過度推斷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asthewhole和D選項(xiàng)onthewhole都意為“總的來(lái)說(shuō)”，asthewhole強(qiáng)調(diào)把部分和整體作為為兩方面，相當(dāng)于分分結(jié)構(gòu)，onthewhole強(qiáng)調(diào)整體包含部分，相當(dāng)于分總結(jié)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)forthewhole和C選項(xiàng)bythewhole非固定搭配。句意：盡管他有偶爾賭博的嗜好，______他仍然被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)好孩子。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)賭博的嗜好是整體是好孩子的一部分，D選項(xiàng)onthewhole符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“從來(lái)沒有更糟的”；B選項(xiàng)“沒有更好”；C選項(xiàng)“沒有更差”；D選項(xiàng)“從來(lái)沒有這么好”。句意：這個(gè)可憐的女孩在醫(yī)院里住了半年多，但現(xiàn)在_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指女孩在醫(yī)院待了很久，病情沒有好轉(zhuǎn)，所以B選項(xiàng)“沒有更好”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”？

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.（然而，在認(rèn)知方面，人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜：緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點(diǎn)后，勝利出現(xiàn)。），可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?，最終卻能勝利，所以B選項(xiàng)“他們一開始落后，然后慢慢地趕上來(lái)了”正確，D選項(xiàng)“他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“他們能掌控自己”和C選項(xiàng)“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.（和高貴的烏龜不同，嬰兒是無(wú)助的，更確切地說(shuō)，是絕望的。即使他們嘗試，他們也學(xué)不到獨(dú)立生存所必需的基本技能。），可知人類嬰兒無(wú)助是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項(xiàng)“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”：根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!（但是，如果說(shuō)有什么不同的話，那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹?。?，這里是說(shuō)人和貓的不同，而不是解釋為什么人類嬰兒無(wú)助，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們不像烏龜那樣固執(zhí)”和D選項(xiàng)“他們不像其他物種的嬰兒一樣快速學(xué)習(xí)”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.（我們大腦皮層發(fā)育遲緩恰恰是我們獲得文化基礎(chǔ)的原因，比如語(yǔ)言……的確，這三人清楚地表明，我們?cè)缙诘拇嗳跏且环N進(jìn)化上的“工程權(quán)衡”，就像人類的喉頭一樣——雖然喉頭有助于人類復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，但對(duì)于任何想要安全吞下食物的人來(lái)說(shuō)，它實(shí)際上是一種相當(dāng)不穩(wěn)定的適應(yīng)。同樣，他們認(rèn)為，我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的能力是以長(zhǎng)期認(rèn)知不成熟為代價(jià)的。），這里舉喉頭的例子表明長(zhǎng)期認(rèn)知不成熟是為了獲得文化，所以C選項(xiàng)“解釋我們?cè)缙谡J(rèn)知不成熟的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為了顯示人類喉部的特殊功能”，B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)人類語(yǔ)言的重要性”和D選項(xiàng)“表明人類如何發(fā)展語(yǔ)言”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段ThePFC…functionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.（PFC……在功能上似乎與一系列復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃和注意力驅(qū)動(dòng)的行為密切相關(guān)。事實(shí)上，它經(jīng)常被稱為大腦的“控制”中心。它的主要功能之一似乎是有選擇地過濾來(lái)自感官的信息，讓我們專注于特定的行動(dòng)、目標(biāo)或任務(wù)。），可知PFC的功能是B選項(xiàng)“幫助執(zhí)行復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃和注意力驅(qū)動(dòng)的行為”，同時(shí)PFC過濾來(lái)自感官的信息，故A選項(xiàng)“從感官收集信息”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“控制大腦其他區(qū)域的發(fā)展”和D選項(xiàng)“使人類能夠執(zhí)行高級(jí)任務(wù)”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.（不管棘手與否，健康的成年人只要稍有猶豫就能成功完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。），可知成年人完成任務(wù)時(shí)有猶豫的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“成年人可以毫不猶豫地完成任務(wù)”正確。根據(jù)第六段第二句Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.（通常情況下，年齡越小的孩子，在完成Stroop任務(wù)方面表現(xiàn)得越差，而不到四歲的孩子，就會(huì)徹底失敗。）和最后一句Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.（根本無(wú)法指導(dǎo)三歲的孩子如何注意或回應(yīng)這個(gè)世界。），所以孩子會(huì)因?yàn)椴荒芾斫忸}目而不能完成測(cè)試，A選項(xiàng)“孩子會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法理解任務(wù)要求而失敗”符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity（“認(rèn)知控制”任務(wù)被認(rèn)為是評(píng)估PFC功能和成熟度的最佳指標(biāo)之一）和第五段第一句TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.（Stroop任務(wù)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的評(píng)估成年人的PFC功能的任務(wù)。），可知Stroop任務(wù)用來(lái)評(píng)估PFC的成熟度，B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)任務(wù)經(jīng)常被用來(lái)評(píng)估PFC的成熟度”符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第五段第二句Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.（這項(xiàng)任務(wù)包括說(shuō)出一個(gè)對(duì)比色單詞的墨水顏色：例如，你可能會(huì)看到單詞“紅”是用綠色墨水寫的，在這種情況下，你必須說(shuō)“綠”），可知在這個(gè)測(cè)試中，受試者必須說(shuō)顏色而不是單詞，C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)任務(wù)要求受試者做出與有知識(shí)的人相反的反應(yīng)”符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Effortsshouldbemadetocultivateabusinessandlegalenvironment_____faircompetitionbetweennationalindustriesandforeign-fundedenterprises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitate

B.facilitated

C.facilitating

D.tofacilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們要著力營(yíng)造良好的貿(mào)易和法制環(huán)境，以便促進(jìn)民族產(chǎn)業(yè)與外資企業(yè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A選項(xiàng)facilitate動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)facilitated過去分詞，表被動(dòng)；C選項(xiàng)facilitating現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate不定式，表目的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，營(yíng)造良好的氛圍是為了促進(jìn)發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項(xiàng)bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國(guó)家的同類銀行相比，國(guó)家銀行一直非常強(qiáng)大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對(duì)國(guó)家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動(dòng)在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指國(guó)家銀行沒有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動(dòng)上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”（現(xiàn)在問問你自己，“我和我表達(dá)的信息有什么聯(lián)系？”）和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage（通過識(shí)別并分享你與公司信息的個(gè)人聯(lián)系來(lái)展現(xiàn)你的熱情），可知這兩段都在講通過表達(dá)自己與自己表達(dá)的信息聯(lián)系來(lái)加強(qiáng)情感聯(lián)系，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持同一個(gè)主題句”正確。B選項(xiàng)“分別提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的例證”和D選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的結(jié)果”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.（卓越的企業(yè)家和商業(yè)專業(yè)人士將他們的成功歸功于他們的溝通技巧，每個(gè)人都對(duì)自己的服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、公司或事業(yè)充滿熱情。），可知激情在商務(wù)交流上最重要，所以B選項(xiàng)“在傳達(dá)信息時(shí)表現(xiàn)出熱情”正確。A選項(xiàng)“建立私交”：根據(jù)第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.（你們中的一些人可能會(huì)說(shuō)，“我的激情是致富……他們從來(lái)沒有討論過他們從富有中得到了多少快樂。相反，他們通過分享自己的故事、軼事和例子，與聽眾建立起一種情感上的融洽），這里表達(dá)的是激情不是來(lái)自于對(duì)致富的渴望，而不是說(shuō)在商務(wù)交流中建立交情很重要，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用高度的溝通技巧”和D選項(xiàng)“滿足聽眾的情感需求”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.（但無(wú)論你是在推銷或推廣一項(xiàng)服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、公司或事業(yè)，你如何精心制作和傳遞你的信息可能意味著成功銷售或被解雇的區(qū)別。）和第六段倒數(shù)第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.（激情將世界上最優(yōu)秀的推銷員與絕大多數(shù)平庸的演講者區(qū)分開來(lái)。），可知本文一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的激情對(duì)于需要銷售的職業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，而演說(shuō)家不那么需要，所以B選項(xiàng)“售貨員”正確，A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家”，C選項(xiàng)“演說(shuō)家”和D選項(xiàng)“店主”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?（如果你經(jīng)營(yíng)一家咖啡店或餐廳，你的激情會(huì)是在家庭和工作之間創(chuàng)造一個(gè)受歡迎的“第三空間”讓你的顧客享受嗎？），可知第三空間是拿來(lái)享受的，所以A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)享受的地方”正確，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)分享你個(gè)人信息的商店”，C選項(xiàng)“咖啡店或餐廳”和D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)可以展示你激情的私密場(chǎng)所”：不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

30.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.（我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的偉大發(fā)言人提高了作為一名商業(yè)溝通者的意義——你被拿來(lái)和他們比較。），可知各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)言人讓商務(wù)交流的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更高，所以A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)商務(wù)交流者的更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“溝通中信息的更好表達(dá)”：表述不準(zhǔn)確，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“商務(wù)交流者應(yīng)該掌握的10種技巧”和D選項(xiàng)“商務(wù)交流者被拿來(lái)和發(fā)言人比較”：是一方面的內(nèi)容，不足以概括這部分主旨，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

41.最近，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織的負(fù)責(zé)人申明，面對(duì)各國(guó)政府保護(hù)主義上升勢(shì)頭，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的全球合作和互相理解，對(duì)提升目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇是必須的。

42.由于許多國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，目前全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇仍然受限，而科技也抑制了許多人獲取成功的愿望，導(dǎo)致收入不均等差距擴(kuò)大，結(jié)果加劇了許多地區(qū)的政治緊張，增加了對(duì)全球化利益的懷疑。

43.經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇會(huì)使各國(guó)的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革更容易。各國(guó)目前所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)實(shí)際上是跨國(guó)境的，需要各國(guó)政府共同努力來(lái)解決這些問題；而促進(jìn)各國(guó)合作能最好地幫助成員國(guó)建立一個(gè)更包容、更有彈性的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。

44.很多問題都具有全球性特征，需要相互合作，包括反腐敗、保護(hù)金融制度改革取得的進(jìn)展、應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化，以及改善全球貿(mào)易體系。各國(guó)政府也需要調(diào)整以應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步所帶來(lái)的對(duì)市場(chǎng)，尤其是對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)的影響。

【答案】41.Recently,theheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFundaffirmedthatglobalcooperationandunderstandingamongworldleadersisnecessarytoboostthecurrenteconomicrecoveryinthefaceofrisinggovernmentprotectionism.

42.Duetothenegativeeconomicgrowthinmanycountries,thecurrentglobaleconomicrecoveryremainsconstrained,whiletechnologyhasalsosuppressedmanypeople’sdesiretosucceed,leadingtowideningincomeinequality,whichinturnhasexacerbatedpoliticaltensionsinmanyregionsandincreasedsuspicionoftheglobalizationbenefits.

43.Economicrecoverywillmakestructuralreformseasierforcountries.Infact,thecurrentchallengesfacedbyallcountriesarecross-borderandneedthejointeffortsofallgovernmentstosolve.Promotingcooperationamongcountriesisthebestwaytohelpmemberstatesbuildamoreinclusiveandresilientglobaleconomy.

44.Manyissuesareglobalandrequirecooperation,includinganti-corruption,protectingprogressinfinancialsystemreforms,addressingglobalclimatechange,andimprovingtheglobaltradingsystem.Governmentsalsoneedtoadjusttotheimpactoftechnologicalprogress,whichwillalsoaffectthemarket,especiallyfinancialmarkets.

9.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上繼續(xù)惡作劇，盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項(xiàng)notto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題