2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

問題1選項

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗長的”；B選項subordinate“從屬的；次要的”；C選項versatile“多才多藝的；通用的”；D選項trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細的”。句意：只是因為我是他的下屬，我的老板就認為，他可以在對我沒有表示任何尊敬的情況下把我差來差去。根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

2.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語，對其進行解釋說明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主語的謂語動詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對現(xiàn)在時間的虛擬，從句的動詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動語態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

3.單選題

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

問題1選項

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項raconteur“健談?wù)?；擅長講故事的人”；B，C和D這三項在英語中不存在。句意：大家都知道這位演講者的確是一位健談?wù)撸赃@個節(jié)目有很多人參加。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

4.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanrobotsdonow?

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題1選項

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問題2選項

A.devices

B.experts

C.programs

D.creatures

問題3選項

A.canfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.canrespondindependentlytoachangingworld

C.canhavealittlecommonsense

D.caninteractwithhumanbeingsverbally

問題4選項

A.Makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.Dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.Improvefactoryenvironments.

D.Cultivatehumancreativity.

問題5選項

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

D.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Humaningenuity可以定位到原文首段“Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.”中文翻譯為：從人類智慧出現(xiàn)以來，人們一直都在設(shè)計更加巧妙的工具來處理危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是顯然骯臟的工作。因此C選項“針對困難和危險的工作發(fā)明工具”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:device“裝置”；B:expert“專家”；C:program“程序”；D:creature“生物”。

根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“…whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.”中文翻譯為：他們的普遍存在已節(jié)省了很多人類勞動，以及gizmo意為“小裝置”可推斷出A項“裝置”正確。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”中文翻譯為：我們不能給予機器人足夠的常識來讓其可靠地與一個不斷變化的世界進行互動?？芍鸢笧锽項“能獨自對一個變化的世界做出反應(yīng)”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror.”中文翻譯為：雖然我們知曉如何告訴一個機器人去處理一個特定的錯誤，可以判斷B項“在人類的介入下處理一些錯誤”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一段“Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.”中文翻譯為：但是，人的大腦能夠掃視一個快速變化的場景，然后立刻忽視98%的不相干的物體，隨后立即聚焦于在蜿蜒的森林道路旁的一只猴子，或一大群人中一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進的計算機系統(tǒng)也不能達到那種能力，并且神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們?nèi)绾巫龅竭@點?？芍鸢笧镈“在聚焦于相關(guān)信息方面遠不及人類大腦”。

5.單選題

Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatly（1）livingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthat（2）recentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthem（3）bothinternalandforeigninvestment.Itmaytakeadecadeformanydevelopingcountriestoimprovetransportation,powersupplies,andother（4）.Yetasingle（5）fiberwitha（6）oflessthanhalfa/an（7）cancarrymoreinformationthanalargecablemadeofcopperwires.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumofmoney（8）theirtelecommunicationsnetworkstoallowthemtocompete,（9）thetransferofinformation,withdevelopedcountries.Howfastthesenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.

Chinaismakingoneoftheboldestleaps（10）carefullyweighingcostsandchoosing（11）technologies.Overthenextdecade,itplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.（12）China’sbackwardnessisanadvantage,becausetheexpansionoccurs（13）newtechnologiesarebecomingcheaperthancopperwiresystems.Bytheendof1995,eachofChina’s（14）capitalsexceptforTibetwillhavedigital（15）andotherlatestwirelesstransmissionsystem.Thismeansthatmajorcitiesaregettingthebasic（16）tobecomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway,allowingpeopleto（17）ontothemostadvancedservicesavailable.

Telecommunicationsisalsoakey（18）Shanghai’sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Toofferpeakperformanceinprovidingtheelectronicdataandpaperlesstrading,Shanghaiplanstobeaselectronicallyadvanced（19）theCityofNewYork.

Someexpertsfear（20）thatsomedevelopingcountriesaretryingtodo（21）toosoon.Vietnam,（22）particular,（23）beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype,isdeterminedtocontributemoremoneytothemostexpensive,newesttechnologiestokeep（24）withanyoneinAsia.

Thailandisalsoturningtowireless,asawaytoallowThaistomakebetteruseofallthetimetheyspend（25）intraffic.Mobilephoneshavebecomethe（26）amongbusinesspeople,whocanremainincontactdespitethetrafficjams.

Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardto（27）.And（28）themistakesthey’llmake,they’llpersist—（29）onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans（30）theinformationsuperhighway.

問題1選項

A.boast

B.bloom

C.boom

D.boost

問題2選項

A.until

B.are

C.for

D.by

問題3選項

A.decrease

B.inform

C.promote

D.promulgate

問題4選項

A.means

B.utensils

C.utilities

D.structures

問題5選項

A.optical

B.slender

C.synthetic

D.moral

問題6選項

A.length

B.diameter

C.weight

D.volume

問題7選項

A.millimeter

B.centimeter

C.yard

D.inch

問題8選項

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.at

問題9選項

A.with

B.for

C.inrespectof

D.regardof

問題10選項

A.forward

B.by

C.ahead

D.for

問題11選項

A.for

B.at

C.by

D.between

問題12選項

A.Inaway

B.Inmemory

C.Inprospect

D.Meantime

問題13選項

A.since

B.like

C.justlike

D.justas

問題14選項

A.remote

B.renowned

C.provincial

D.affluent

問題15選項

A.transfer

B.switches

C.high-capacity

D.license

問題16選項

A.aspect

B.perspective

C.phase

D.infrastructure

問題17選項

A.access

B.log

C.grasp

D.take

問題18選項

A.with

B.to

C.point

D.question

問題19選項

A.more

B.than

C.like

D.as

問題20選項

A.however

B.instead

C.consequently

D.therefore

問題21選項

A.muchmore

B.toomany

C.toomuch

D.much

問題22選項

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.with

問題23選項

A.since

B.therefore

C.while

D.however

問題24選項

A.pace

B.step

C.rate

D.gait

問題25選項

A.fixed

B.stuck

C.retained

D.bound

問題26選項

A.model

B.passion

C.wrath

D.rage

問題27選項

A.resist

B.stop

C.recover

D.catch

問題28選項

A.nowthat

B.inspite

C.despiteof

D.despite

問題29選項

A.when

B.while

C.sothat

D.bythen

問題30選項

A.on

B.with

C.for

D.by

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

第21題:C

第22題:A

第23題:C

第24題:A

第25題:B

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:D

第29題:C

第30題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項boast“自吹自擂說；以有……而自豪”；B選項bloom“使開花；使茂盛”；C選項boom“使興旺；發(fā)出隆隆聲”；D選項boost“促進；增加；提高”。選項后“l(fā)ivingstandards”中文翻譯為：生活水平。故D項最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。由untilrecently“直到最近”可知A選項正確。

3.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項decrease“減少，減小”；B選項inform“通知；告訴”；C選項promote“促進；提升；推銷”；D選項promulgate“公布；傳播；發(fā)表”。聯(lián)系上文“acquiringup-to-datetelecommunications”中文翻譯為：獲取最新的通訊，可知C選項正確。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項means“手段；方法”；B選項utensils“餐具；炊具”；C選項utilities“公用設(shè)施”；D選項structures“結(jié)構(gòu)；［建］構(gòu)筑物”。根據(jù)語境和句意，以及上文transportation，powersupplies，譯為“交通、電力供應(yīng)”可知C選項正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文fiber，中文大意為：纖維，因此判斷選A，與后文構(gòu)成opticalfiber“光纖”。

6.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項length“長度”；B選項diameter“直徑”；C選項weight“重量”；D選項volume“體積”。聯(lián)系上文“opticalfiber”意為：光纖，可知表示的為光纖的直徑，B選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項millimeter“毫米”；B選項centimeter“厘米”；C選項yard“碼；院子”；D選項inch“英寸”。由前文“光纖的直徑”，可知A最合適。

8.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文telecommunicationsnetworks“通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)”可知選B。

9.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inrespectof“在……方面”，可知C選項正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項forward“向前地”；B選項by“通過”；C選項ahead“向前地；領(lǐng)先地”；D選項for“為了；因為”。結(jié)合下文carefullyweighingcosts“仔細地權(quán)衡成本”可知該空格處應(yīng)表示通過。因此可知B選項正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文“choosing選擇”與“technologies技術(shù)”。判斷出正確答案為D“在……之間”。

12.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inaway“在某種程度上”，故答案為A。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項since“自……以來；自……”；B選項like“像；如同”；C選項justlike“就像，正如”；D選項justas“正當……時”。結(jié)合上文theexpansionoccurs“這個擴張發(fā)生”，故選D。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項remote“遙遠的；偏僻的；疏遠的”；B選項renowned“著名的；有聲望的”；C選項provincial“省的”；D選項affluent“富裕的；豐富的；流暢的”。根據(jù)下文“capitals”中文翻譯為：省會，以及“exceptforTibet”中文翻譯為：除了西藏以外。可知此處對應(yīng)C項“省的”。

15.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。digitalswitch“數(shù)字交換機”，結(jié)合上下文判斷應(yīng)選B。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項aspect“方面；方向”；B選項perspective“觀點；遠景；透視圖”；C選項phase“時期”；D選項infrastructure“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；公共建設(shè)”。結(jié)合下文becomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway“變成信息高速公路的主要部分”，可知最佳答案為D。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。logon“登錄”。答案為B。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。bekeyto“是……的關(guān)鍵”。答案為B。

19.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。as…as…“同……一樣；像……一樣”，答案為D。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項however“然而”；B選項instead“代替；反而；相反”；C選項consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”；D選項therefore“因此；所以”。結(jié)合上文Someexpertsfear“一些專家擔心”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項A，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

21.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項muchmore“更加；多得多”；B選項toomany“太多（修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式）”；C選項toomuch“太多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）”；D選項much“許多，大量”。聯(lián)系下文toosoon“太快”可知正確選項為C。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inparticular“尤其，特別”?？芍狝選項為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項since“自……以來；自……以后”；B選項therefore“因此；所以”；C選項while“雖然”；D選項however“然而；可是”。結(jié)合此處后文“beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype”，中文翻譯為：極其不發(fā)達且缺少充足的任何種類的電話?？芍罴汛鸢笧镃。

24.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。keeppacewith“保持；同步”，故答案選A。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項fix“使固定；修理”；B選項stick“阻止”；C選項retain“保持”；D選項bind“綁；約束；裝訂；包扎”。結(jié)合上下文可知答案為B。

26.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項model“模型；模范；樣式”；B選項passion“激情；熱情”；C選項wrath“憤怒；激怒”；D選項rage“狂怒；風行一時的事物”。由上下文Mobilephones“移動電話”與businesspeople“商人”可知此處答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項resist“抵抗；忍耐，忍住”；B選項stop“停止；堵塞”；C選項recover“恢復(fù)；彌補；重新獲得”；D選項catch“趕上；抓??；感染；了解”。結(jié)合上文“thetemptation”中文翻譯為：誘惑，可知A為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項nowthat“既然”；B選項inspite“一般與of來構(gòu)成inspiteof盡管”；C選項despiteof“不管；不顧；盡管（其后一般跟短語，而不跟完整的句子）”；D選項despite“盡管，不管（其后跟完整的句子）”。聯(lián)系下文“themistakesthey’llmake”中文翻譯為：他們將會犯的錯誤，可知此處是個完整的句子，故選D。

29.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項when“當……時”；B選項while“雖然；然而；當……的時候”；C選項sothat“以便”；D選項bythen“到那時”。聯(lián)系下文“onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans”中文翻譯為：將來有一天，他們能與美國人和西歐人一起漫游，判斷出C為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“theinformationsuperhighway”中文翻譯為：信息高速公路，可知答案為A。

6.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問題1選項

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當感覺自己處于一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時，科學(xué)家們變得非常興奮。故C選項正確。

7.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問題1選項

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問題2選項

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問題3選項

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問題4選項

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問題5選項

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責。因此C選項“批評一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責。對應(yīng)D選項“不公平地被恢復(fù)主義者批評”。因此D項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對二元論的不滿有一段時間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對主流工業(yè)社會的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責?？芍鸢笧锳項“討論一個次要的問題來充當對一個重要問題進行更詳細檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個單獨的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個更符合恢復(fù)主義者觀點的模式。因此A項“Turner和Jordan對恢復(fù)主義者計劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復(fù)主義者觀點的關(guān)鍵問題是恢復(fù)計劃本身忠實于恢復(fù)的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計劃與他們的原則不一致”。

8.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—som