2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.

B.Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.

C.Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.

D.Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasoriginalindesign.

B.Itwasthought-provoking.

C.Itwasdefective.

D.Itwasmisguided.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.

B.Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.

C.Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.

D.Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Haveyoueverhadsomeonetrytoexplainsomethingtoyouadozentimeswithnoluck—butthen,whenyouseeapicture,theideafinallyclicks?Ifthatsoundsfamiliar,maybeyoumightconsideryourselfavisuallearner.Or,ifreadingorlisteningdoesthetrick,maybeyoufeellikeyou’reaverballearner.

Wecalltheselabelslearningstyles,butistherereallyawaytocategorizedifferenttypesofstudents?Well,itactuallyseemsthatmultiplepresentationformats,especiallyifoneofthemisvisual,helpmostpeoplelearn.

[16]Whenpsychologistsandeducatorstestforlearningstyles,they’retryingtofigureoutwhethertheseareinherenttraitsthataffecthowwellstudentslearn,insteadofjustapreference.Usually,theystartbygivingasurveytofigureoutwhatstyleastudentfavors,likevisualorverballearning.Then,theytrytoteachthestudentssomethingwithaspecificpresentationstyle,likeusingvisualaids,anddoafollow-uptesttoseehowmuchtheylearned.Thatway,theresearcherscanseeiftheself-identifiedverballearnersreallylearnedbetterwhentheinformationwasjustspokenaloud,forexample.

But,accordingtoa2008review,onlyonestudythatfollowedthisdesignfoundthatstudentsactuallylearnedbestwiththeirpreferredstyle.[17]Butthestudyhadsomebigflaws.Theresearchersexcludedtwothirdsoftheoriginalparticipantsbecausetheydidn’tseemtohaveanyclearlearningstylefromthesurveyatthebeginning,andtheydidn’tevenreporttheactualtestscoresinthefinalpaper.So...itdoesn’treallyseemlikelearningstylesareaninherenttraitthatweallhave.But,thatdoesn’tmeanthatallstudentswilldoamazinglyiftheyjustspendalltheirtimereadingfromatextbook.

Instead,mostpeopleseemtolearnbetterifthey’retaughtinseveralways,especiallyifoneisvisual.Inonestudy,researcherstestedwhetherstudentsrememberedlistsofwordsbetteriftheyheardthem,sawthem,orboth.Andeveryoneseemedtodobetteriftheygottoseethewordsinprint,eventheself-identifiedauditorylearners.Theirpreferencedidn’tseemtomatter.

Similarstudiestestedwhetherstudentslearnedbasicphysicsandchemistryconceptsbetterbyreadingplaintextorviewingpictures,too.[18]Andeveryonedidbetterwiththehelpofpictures.

16.Whydopsychologistsandeducatorsstudylearningstyles?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問為什么心理學(xué)家和教育家要研究學(xué)習(xí)方式？錄音提到，當(dāng)心理學(xué)家和教育學(xué)家為學(xué)習(xí)方式做測試時(shí)，他們試圖弄清楚這些是否是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果的固有特征，因此B選項(xiàng)“看它們是否是影響學(xué)習(xí)的固有特征”符合錄音原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“了解人類大腦的機(jī)制”和D選項(xiàng)“找出學(xué)生更喜歡學(xué)什么”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“對不同類型的學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行分類”，利用錄音的categorizedifferenttypesofstudents設(shè)干擾，錄音中只是質(zhì)疑是否真的有辦法把不同類型的學(xué)生分類，這并不是心理學(xué)家和教育家研究學(xué)習(xí)方式的原因，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutonestudymentionedinthe2008review?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者對2008年評論中提到的一項(xiàng)研究有何看法？錄音提到，這項(xiàng)研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C選項(xiàng)“它是有缺陷的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它在設(shè)計(jì)上是原創(chuàng)的”，利用錄音的original設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到研究人員排除了三分之二的最初參與者，并未提到設(shè)計(jì)上的事，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“它是發(fā)人深省的”和D選項(xiàng)“它被誤導(dǎo)了”在錄音中沒有信息提及。

18.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyaboutlearningattheendoftalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在談話的最后，說話者想傳達(dá)關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的什么信息？錄音最后提到，類似的研究測試了學(xué)生通過閱讀純文本或觀看圖片是否能更好地學(xué)習(xí)基本的物理和化學(xué)概念，所有人在圖片的幫助下都做得更好。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“視覺上的輔助對所有類型的學(xué)習(xí)者都有用”符合錄音原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“閱讀純文本比看圖片更有效”與錄音最后提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果恰好相反，因此錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“沒有視覺輔助，科學(xué)概念很難理解”，錄音中未提及理解科學(xué)概念的難度，因此B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“聽覺輔助和視覺輔助一樣重要”，錄音提到一項(xiàng)研究測試學(xué)生在聽、看和聽看并用的情況下記單詞的效果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有學(xué)生在“看”單詞時(shí)，記單詞的效果最好，即使自認(rèn)為偏好用“聽”來學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生也是這樣。由此可見，“看”應(yīng)該比“聽”效果更好，因此排除C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Ringingchurchbellssetsup________intheAlpinevalleys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resonance

B.forests

C.churchbuilding

D.priests

【答案】A

【解析】resonance共鳴,反響;priests牧師,神父。句意：教堂的鐘聲在阿爾卑斯山谷中回蕩。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的，卑鄙的”；worried“擔(dān)心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪惡的，惡劣的，不道德的”。句意：我覺得我染上流感了，因?yàn)槲艺旄杏X不舒服。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

（）peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared“自命的，自稱的”；self-conscious“自覺的，自發(fā)的”；self-motivated“自我激勵(lì)的，有上進(jìn)心的”。句意：有上進(jìn)心的人往往能在工作中找到意義，他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力，樂于幫助同事，營造和諧的工作氛圍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity.

B.Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

C.Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

D.Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B.Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

C.Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

D.Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

B.Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C.Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

D.Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

B.Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C.Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

D.Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

Settingtheofficeair-conditioningatabout22degreesCelsiushasbecomestandardpracticeacrosstheworld.[12]Numerousguidebooksacrosstheworldonheating,ventilationandair-conditioningclaimofficeperformancepeaksat22degrees.Manypeopleindeedfindrelieffromsoaringsummertemperaturesinair-conditionedoffices,butrecentstudieshavechallengedtheacceptedwisdomthatacoolofficeismoreproductive.Therealityismorecomplex.Researchersconductedareviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity.Theyfoundthat22degreeswasprobablyalittlechilly,evenattheheightofsummer.[13]Forapersondressedintypicalsummerclothing,anoptimalrangewouldbebetween23and26degrees.Andpeoplecaneventoleratetemperaturesbeyondthis“comfortzone”aslongastheycanadjusttheirclothingandexpectations.Infact,evenonveryhotdays,itmakessensetoturntheair-conditioningup.Peopleoftenchasejustone“optimum”temperature,andthisisunderstandablewhenpeoplefeelhot.[14]Butthereisarangeofatleastthreetofourdegreeswhichdoesnothaveanyadverseimpact.Anotherissuerelatedtothisisthatpeoplecanbecomepsychologicallydependentonair-conditioning.[15]Iftheyareusedtotheenvironmentwhichisair-conditioned,theytendtopreferlowertemperatures.Butthestudiesfoundthatalmostallhumansbecameaccustomedtothenewtemperature.Itwasonlyatthe“extreme”endsofthetemperaturerangewherepeople’sproductivitysuffered.Thisrangewasabove26degreesandbelow19degrees.

12.Whatistheacceptedwisdomconcerningtheofficeenvironment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于辦公室環(huán)境，人們普遍接受的觀念是什么？錄音開頭講到辦公室的空調(diào)溫度調(diào)到22度左右已成為全球性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，并且許多關(guān)于供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)的指南都聲稱辦公室溫度峰值達(dá)到22度時(shí)，人們的工作效率最高。由此可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為“涼爽的辦公環(huán)境能提高員工的工作效率”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“自然通風(fēng)的辦公室更舒適”和C選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)改善辦公室的通風(fēng)”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為辦公室的空調(diào)溫度設(shè)定應(yīng)遵循指南”，錄音只是提及很多指南聲稱溫度調(diào)至22度時(shí)，員工工作效率最高，并沒有說一定要遵循指南，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

13.Whatdidresearchersfindfromtheirreviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問研究人員在回顧了所有與空調(diào)和生產(chǎn)力有關(guān)的研究之后發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)22度的溫度即便是在盛夏也很可能讓人感覺有點(diǎn)冷，對穿著正常夏裝的人來說，最適宜的溫度范圍是23度到26度。C選項(xiàng)“人們感到舒適的溫度有一個(gè)范圍”是對這些信息的概括，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“處于溫度舒適區(qū)的人們對自己的工作效率更滿意”，錄音中并沒有提及人們對工作效率是否滿意，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“對辦公室工作人員來說，22度是最適宜的溫度”是很多關(guān)于供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)的指南的觀點(diǎn)，不是研究人員新發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“不同國家的人對不舒服的溫度的耐受力不同”在錄音中沒有信息提及。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutusingalittlelessair-conditioningduringhotweather?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于在大熱天少用點(diǎn)空調(diào)，我們了解到什么？錄音在提到夏天最適宜的室溫是23度至26度后，接著說即使超出這個(gè)溫度舒適區(qū)，人們也受得了。后面還提到，人們通常只追求一個(gè)“最適宜的”溫度，但在三到四度的溫度浮動(dòng)范圍內(nèi)，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何負(fù)面影響。因此，C選項(xiàng)“對工作沒有負(fù)面影響”符合錄音表述。A選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)大大降低工作效率”和D選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)引起很多不適”恰好與錄音內(nèi)容相反；B選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)立即被注意到”在錄音中并沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whathappenswhenpeopleareusedtoanair-conditionedenvironment?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)人們習(xí)慣了空調(diào)環(huán)境時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？錄音結(jié)尾處提到，人們會(huì)在心理上對空調(diào)產(chǎn)生依賴，如果他們習(xí)慣了有空調(diào)的環(huán)境，他們往往會(huì)喜歡更低的溫度（theytendtopreferlowertemperatures）。D選項(xiàng)是對原文信息的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們不受極端溫度的影響”與錄音表述恰好相反；B選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)因溫度的快速變化而受到不好的影響”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對高溫變得不那么敏感”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

6.單選題

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。kidnap“綁架”；harass“擾亂，使煩惱”；heckle“詰問，責(zé)問”；harbor“庇護(hù)”。句意：總統(tǒng)演講的目的在于要讓那些不大情愿的國家相信，強(qiáng)硬制裁那些庇護(hù)恐怖分子的國家是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean（）—itcausedpanic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excuse

B.indulgence

C.exaggeration

D.understatement

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。excuse“借口”；indulgence“放縱”；exaggeration“夸張”；understatement“不充分的陳述”。句意：“他的請辭讓人震驚”這個(gè)說法算是輕描淡寫，實(shí)際上引起了恐慌。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

TheUNSecurityCouncilinvestigatesquarrelsbetweennationsandsuggestswaysofsettlingthem.Ifanynationendangersthepeace,thecouncilmayuseeconomic（sanctions）againstit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrictions

B.oppressions

C.reforms

D.penalties

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。sanction表示“制裁，處罰，認(rèn)可”；A項(xiàng)restriction“限制，約束，束縛”，B項(xiàng)oppression“壓抑，鎮(zhèn)壓，壓迫手段”，C項(xiàng)reform“改革，改良，改正”，D項(xiàng)penalty“罰款，罰金，處罰”。句意：聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查國家間的爭端，并提出解決辦法；如果任何國家危及和平，安理會(huì)可以對其實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.

B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.

C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.

D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.

B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.

C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.

D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.

B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.

C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.

D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.

B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.

C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.

D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.

Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.

Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.

[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?

Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.

Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.

Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是錄音中給出的關(guān)于過度合作的信息。錄音開頭提到過于強(qiáng)調(diào)成為一個(gè)好的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員會(huì)對職業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，這里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即問題中所說的beingovercollaborative,因此C選項(xiàng)“可能阻礙個(gè)人職業(yè)發(fā)展”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“它可能給團(tuán)隊(duì)成員帶來太大壓力”；B選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)損害當(dāng)今的職場文化”和D選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們不愿意冒險(xiǎn)”在錄音中均未提及。

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于參與合作項(xiàng)目的人，說話者說了什么？錄音提到，合作會(huì)使個(gè)人能力和個(gè)人貢獻(xiàn)更難被外人發(fā)現(xiàn)（makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify）。D選項(xiàng)“他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的貢獻(xiàn)很難被識(shí)別出來”與之表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎不能表達(dá)他們原來的觀點(diǎn)”，錄音說的是“他們太過隱藏自己的觀點(diǎn)”（toosilentabouttheirownpointofview），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；錄音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并沒有提到“合作”對創(chuàng)造力和動(dòng)力的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們最終可能會(huì)失去信心和創(chuàng)造力”和C選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)變得更沒有動(dòng)力去做自己的項(xiàng)目”均不正確。

24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問人們從團(tuán)隊(duì)合作中得到什么益處？錄音提到，在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作有很大的好處——團(tuán)隊(duì)也許會(huì)多次獲得成功，并經(jīng)常獲得認(rèn)可，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員便有更多的機(jī)會(huì)來擴(kuò)大其職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)（expandyourprofessionalnetwork），因此B選項(xiàng)“他們可以擴(kuò)大自己的職業(yè)圈子”與之表述相符。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能有機(jī)會(huì)從事研究工作”這一信息在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以更容易地完成項(xiàng)目”，錄音中沒有對比個(gè)人項(xiàng)目和團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目哪個(gè)更容易完成，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“他們可以充分利用自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)”，利用錄音中的expertise設(shè)置干擾，錄音中指的是與專業(yè)知識(shí)互補(bǔ)的人合作（Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise），而不是利用自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么花太多時(shí)間以求達(dá)成共識(shí)會(huì)令人討厭？錄音最后提到，當(dāng)我們過度合作時(shí)，會(huì)希望每個(gè)人都同意某個(gè)決定，而這會(huì)造成不必要的延誤（createunnecessarydelays），也就是說“可能會(huì)妨礙我們及時(shí)做出決定”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)在團(tuán)隊(duì)中引起很多爭論”在錄音中未提及；C選項(xiàng)“可能剝奪團(tuán)隊(duì)的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”，主要是利用錄音中的opportunitiesforadvancement（晉升機(jī)會(huì)）和groupprojectopportunity（團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目機(jī)會(huì)）設(shè)干擾，但這些不等同于C選項(xiàng)中的businessopportunities（商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)），因此C選項(xiàng)不能選；D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多不必要的費(fèi)用”在錄音中也沒有信息提及。

10.單選題

Thetraditionalbeliefthatbanksdonotlosecustomersoncetheyhavegotthemisnot（

）,thestudysuggests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.well-prepared

B.well-meant

C.well-founded

D.well-adjusted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。well-prepared“準(zhǔn)備就緒的，準(zhǔn)備充分的”；well-meant“沒有惡意的”；well-founded“有根據(jù)的，理由充分的”；well-adjusted“完全調(diào)試好的；完全適應(yīng)環(huán)境的”。句意：傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為銀行一旦贏得客戶就再也不會(huì)失去他們，研究表明這是沒有根據(jù)的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Theproblemwithemploying（）peopleisthattheyoftendon’tstayinthejobforlong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overpriced

B.overqualified

C.overrated

D.overwhelmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。overpriced“定價(jià)過高的”；overqualified“資歷過高的，條件太好的”；overrated“評價(jià)過高的，高估的”；overwhelmed“不堪重負(fù)的，受寵若驚的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重負(fù)的人的問題就是這些人不會(huì)在工作崗位上待太久。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thisisafarfrom（）book—itisarichmixofpleasuresandinformation,andisfullofsurprises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.solemn

B.solid

C.solitary

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。solemn“莊嚴(yán)的，嚴(yán)肅的”；solid“固體的，可靠的”；solitary“孤獨(dú)的，獨(dú)居的”；sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，久經(jīng)世故的”。句意：這完全不是一本嚴(yán)肅的書——充滿趣味，信息豐富還有各種驚喜。根據(jù)破折號后面的句意可知，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是這篇文章提到的關(guān)于人的思想的信息。錄音開頭提到：據(jù)估計(jì)，人們幾乎一半的清醒時(shí)間都在幻想（peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours），C選項(xiàng)“醒著的時(shí)候，幾乎有一半的時(shí)間都在走神”與之表述一致，因此正確。干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)“傾向于沉湎于他們快樂的經(jīng)歷”，錄音中提到的是他們更傾向于談?wù)撚淇斓脑掝}（pleasanttopics），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“大腦受傷后很難集中注意力”和D選項(xiàng)“容易受到負(fù)面情緒的影響”在錄音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員開發(fā)這款新軟件的目的是什么？錄音提到，在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序來分析幻想和幸福之間的關(guān)系（analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness），D選項(xiàng)“找出幸福是如何與幻想關(guān)聯(lián)的”是此信息的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“健康與幻想的關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“看看為什么幻想會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的行為”；C選項(xiàng)“觀察一個(gè)人的思想如何影響他的行為”均不正確。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)一些研究者的說法，幻想是怎樣使人受益的？錄音中也提到了幻想的好處：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它給了我們思考目標(biāo)的機(jī)會(huì)，而且似乎還能提高創(chuàng)造力（increasecreativity），A選項(xiàng)中的contributesto是錄音中increase的同義替換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“有助于清晰思考”；C選項(xiàng)“幫助他們挖掘潛力”；D選項(xiàng)“有助于他們做出正確的決定”均不正確。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問那個(gè)有145名本科生參加的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音最后提到，當(dāng)所有參與者進(jìn)行第二組任務(wù)時(shí)，“幻想者”的表現(xiàn)比其他人好40%（thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers），由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“幻想者在做任務(wù)時(shí)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于非幻想者”與之表述一致，因此正確。由上也可排除B選項(xiàng)“非幻想者比幻想者更專注于自己的任務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“兩組之間的表現(xiàn)差異不明顯”；而D選項(xiàng)“有明確目標(biāo)的受試者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于沒有明確目標(biāo)的受試者”在錄音中并沒有提及明確目標(biāo)這一信息，因此錯(cuò)誤。

14.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavetolearnhowtoavoidbodycontact.

B.Theyneedtokeepmovingtoavoidgettinghurt.

C.Theybelieveinteamspiritforgoodperformance.

D.Theyarelikelytogetinjuredwhenmovingtoofast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theykeepthemselvesbusyevenafterretirement.

B.Theydonotstartenjoyinglifeuntilfullretirement.

C.Theytendtolivealongerlifewithearlyretirement.

D.Theydonothavemanyyearstoliveafterretirement.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itslowsdownouragingprocess.

B.Itpreventsusfromworrying.

C.Itenablesustoaccomplishmoreinlife.

D.Itprovidesuswithmorechancestolearn.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

Relatedtothe“useitorloseit”lawisthe“keepmoving”principle.Welearnaboutstagnationfromnature.Ariverthatstopsmovinggetssmelly.Thesamethinghappenstopeoplewhostopmoving,eithermentallyorphysically.[9]Thosewhoplaycontactsportsknowthattheplayerwhousuallygetshurtthemostistheonewhoisstandingstill.Ofcourse,you’llneedsometimetocatchyourbreatheverysooften,buttheessentialmassageiskeepmoving,extendingandlearning.Shipslastalotlongerwhentheygotoseathanwhentheystayintheharbor.Thesameistrueforairplanes.Youdon’tpreserveanairplanebykeepingitontheground.Youpreserveitbykeepingitinservice.Wealsogettolivealonghealthylifebystayinginservice.[10]Longevitystatisticsrevealthattheaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement.Themorewe’llhearisdon’tretire.Ifafellowsays“I’m94yearsoldandIworkedallmylife”,weneedtorealize,thatishowhegottobe94,bystayinginvolved.GeorgeBernardShawwonaNobelPrizewhenhewasnearly70.BenjaminFranklinproducedsomeofhisbestwritingsattheageof84,andPabloPicassoputbrushtocanvasrightthroughhiseighties.Isn’ttheissuehowoldwethinkweare?[11]Abonuswiththe“keepmoving”principleisthatwhilewekeepmoving,wedon’thaveachancetoworry.Hence,weavoidthedreadedparalysisbyanalysis.

9.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplayersofcontactsports?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于接觸式運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，說話者說了什么？錄音開頭提到，從事接觸式運(yùn)動(dòng)的人都知道，受傷最嚴(yán)重的往往是那些站著不動(dòng)的人。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要保持移動(dòng)以免受傷”是此處的同義表述，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。錄音中提及接觸式運(yùn)動(dòng)是不可能避免身體接觸的，因此A選項(xiàng)“他們必須學(xué)會(huì)如何避免身體接觸”不正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們相信有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神才能取得好成績”在錄音中沒有提及；錄音中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是站著不動(dòng)的人往往受傷最嚴(yán)重，因此D選項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)速度過快時(shí)可能受傷”不正確。

10.Whatdolongevitystatisticsrevealabouttheaverageperson?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問壽命統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)揭示了普通人的什么？錄音提到，壽命統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一般人退休后活不了多久（theaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement）。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們退休后沒有多少年的生活時(shí)間”正確。本題的干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)，錄音中有提到幾位名人在很大的年紀(jì)也一直忙個(gè)不停，但并沒有說這是一般人退休后的狀態(tài)，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們直到完全退休后才開始享受生活”和C選項(xiàng)“提前退休他們往往壽命更長”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此可排除。

11.Whatbonusdoesthe“keepmoving”principlebringusaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問“不斷前進(jìn)”的原則能給我們帶來什么好處？錄音最后部分提到：“不斷前進(jìn)”原則的一個(gè)好處是，當(dāng)我們不斷前進(jìn)時(shí)，我們沒有機(jī)會(huì)擔(dān)憂（wedon’thaveachancetoworry），B選項(xiàng)是此處的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它減緩了我們的衰老過程”和C選項(xiàng)“它使我們能夠在生活中取得更多成就”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“它為我們提供了更多的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)”主要是achance造成了干擾，錄音中說的是achancetoworry，并不是chancestolearn，因此不正確。

15.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士，我們可以了解到什么？對話開頭男士提到今天的嘉賓AnnaSanchez是三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A選項(xiàng)“她是名出色的運(yùn)動(dòng)員”正確。B選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的演說家”和D選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的發(fā)明家”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的科學(xué)家”，主要是利用錄音中提到的science和scientific設(shè)干擾，錄音中女士雖然提及科學(xué)，但這是為了說明科技對體育的影響，并不是說明女士的身份，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士的書主要講什么？女士說這本書是關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)如何促使人類達(dá)到身體能力的極限。D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員達(dá)到新的高度”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類生物化學(xué)知識(shí)是如何進(jìn)化的”和B選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中的表現(xiàn)”雖然在錄音中有所提及，但不是這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此均可排除；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練如何使運(yùn)動(dòng)員創(chuàng)造新的紀(jì)錄”，錄音中并沒有提到training（訓(xùn)練），因此C選項(xiàng)也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問在過去的幾千年里發(fā)生了什么變化。女士提到，雖然人類的身體幾千年來都沒有改變，但改變的是科學(xué)知識(shí)（scientificknowledge），因此B選項(xiàng)“我們的科學(xué)知識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)”，錄音中明確提及人類身體是沒有發(fā)生改變的，因此排除A選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“我們的生化過程”和D選項(xiàng)“我們的營養(yǎng)觀念”，錄音中提及的是：如今關(guān)于人類生化學(xué)、營養(yǎng)學(xué)和力學(xué)的知識(shí)已發(fā)生變化。變化的是知識(shí)，并不是過程和觀念，因此均不正確。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于在體育比賽中科技的運(yùn)用，男士擔(dān)心什么？錄音最后，男士問是否有人擔(dān)心科技會(huì)給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來對其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說不公平的優(yōu)勢（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C選項(xiàng)“它可能給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員不公平的優(yōu)勢”