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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,[A]whereasourownhandwritingissomething[B]whichwe[C]almostalwaysknow.Webeginthenaturallearningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswe[D]goonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanyhourseveryday.

問題1選項

A.whereas

B.which

C.almostalways

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。在限制性定語從句中,先行詞是something等不定代詞時,要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。應(yīng)將B選項which改為that。

2.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Similarityininterests.

B.Mentalstimulation.

C.Openness.

D.Compassion.

問題2選項

A.Thewillingnesstooffertimelyhelp.

B.Thejoyfoundineachother’scompany.

C.Personalbonds.

D.Emotionalfactors.

問題3選項

A.Failuretokeepapromise.

B.Lackoffrankness.

C.Feelingsofbetrayal.

D.Lossofcontact.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Qualitiesofarelationshipsuchasopenness,compassion,andmentalstimulation,areofconcerntomostofusregardlessofsex.Butjudgingfromthequestionnaireresponse,they’remoreimportanttowomenthantomen.Askedtoconsidertheingredientsofclosefriendship,womenratedthesequalitiesaboveallothers.[16]Menassignedalowerprioritytotheminfavorofsimilarityininterests,selectedby77%ofmen,andresponsivenessinacrisis,chosenby61%ofmalerespondents.Mentalstimulation,rankedthirdinpopularitybymenaswellaswomen,wastheonlyareaofoverlap.Amongmen,only28%namedopennessasanimportantquality;caringwaspickedbyjust23%.

[17]Itisevidentbytheirselectionsthatwhenwomenspeakofclosefriendships,they’rereferringtoemotionalfactors,whilemenemphasizethepleasuretheyfindinafriend’scompany.Thatis,whenamanspeaksof“afriend”,heislikelytobetalkingaboutsomeonehedoesthingswith—ateammate,afellowhobbyist,adrinkingbuddy.Theseactivitiesarethefabricofthefriendship.Itisa“doing”relationshipinwhichsimilarityininterestsisthekeybond.Thisfactorwasaconsiderationoflessthan11%ofwomen.Womenoptforawarmemotionalatmospherewherecommunicationflowsfreely;activityismerebackground.

Lastly,men,aswehaveseen,haveseriousquestionsabouteachother’sloyalty.Perhapsthisiswhytheyplacedsuchstrongemphasisonresponsivenessinacrisis—someoneIcancallonforhelp.Women,astheirtestimoniesindicate,aregenerallymoresecurewitheachotherandconsequentlyaremorelikelytotreatthisissuelightly.Infollow-upinterviews,thiswasconfirmednumeroustimesaswomanafterwomanindicatedthatbeingtherewhenneededwastakenforgranted.[18]Asforthehazardsoffriendship,morethanafewrelationshipshavebeenshatteredbecauseofcutthroatcompetitionandfeelingsofbetrayal.Thisappliestobothmenandwomen,butunequally.Incomparison,nearlytwiceasmanymencomplainedabouttheseissuesaswomen.Further,whilecompetitionandbetrayalarethemainthornstofemalefriendship,menareplaguedinalmostequalamountsbytwoadditionalissues:lackoffranknessandafearofappearingunmanly.Obviously,foraman,agoodfriendshipishardtofind.

16.Whatqualitydomenvaluemostconcerningfriendshipaccordingtoaquestionnaireresponse?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問男性在友誼方面最看重什么品質(zhì)?錄音開頭提到,男性更傾向于尋找興趣上的相似性(infavorofsimilarityininterests),A選項“興趣上的相似性”與原文表述相符,因此正確。B選項“精神鼓勵”;C選項“率真,開放”和D選項“同情心”雖然在錄音中有所涉及,但只是說女性比男性更加看重這些品質(zhì),而男性認(rèn)為這些都不是最重要的(Menassignedalowerprioritytothem),他們優(yōu)先考慮的是興趣上的相似性。因此均可排除。

17.Whatdowomenrefertowhenspeakingofclosefriendships?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是女性對于親密友誼的看法。錄音中明確提到,當(dāng)女性說起親密友誼時,她們指的是情感因素(emotionalfactors),D選項“情感因素”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn),因此正確。A選項“愿意及時提供幫助”在錄音中沒有提及;B項“在彼此陪伴下找到的快樂”,這是男性的看法,因此排除;C選項“個人紐帶”,利用錄音中的bond制造干擾,錄音中說的是興趣上的相似性是友誼的關(guān)鍵紐帶,只有不到11%的女性考慮到了這一因素,選項與原文表述不符,因此排除。

18.Whatmaythreatenafriendshipforbothmenandwomen?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問有什么因素對于男性和女性來說都會威脅到友誼?錄音后半部分提到,很多關(guān)系都因為激烈的競爭和被背叛的感覺而破裂,這一點對男性和女性都適用,因此C選項“背叛的感覺”正確。A選項“沒有信守諾言”和D選項“失去聯(lián)系”在錄音中沒有提及;B選項“缺乏坦率”,這只是男性關(guān)系中面臨的問題之一,并沒有說女性之間也有類似問題,與題干不符,因此排除。

3.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.

B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.

C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.

D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.

問題2選項

A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.

B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.

C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.

D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.

問題3選項

A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.

C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.

D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.

問題4選項

A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.

B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.

C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.

D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者剛開始工作的時候,我們可以了解到什么?錄音開頭提到,當(dāng)說話者剛開始工作的時候,偶爾會在電梯里瞥一眼自己,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己看起來一團(tuán)糟(Ilookedatotalmess)。后面指出,之所以一團(tuán)糟是因為服裝的原因,因此B選項“她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的服裝很不合適”正確。A選項“對廣告不感興趣”利用錄音開頭的“advertising”設(shè)置干擾,錄音說的是說話人從事的是廣告業(yè),并未提及她對廣告業(yè)不感興趣,因此排除;C選項“她對時尚潮流不滿意”,錄音開頭說的是,說話者喜歡跟隨當(dāng)下的潮流,因此C選項不正確;D選項“她經(jīng)常照鏡子檢查自己”在錄音中并未提及,因此也可排除。

13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話者談及的制服被發(fā)明的原因。錄音中提到,沒有人可以每天穿著獨一無二的衣服,這就是制服被發(fā)明的原因。A選項“為了省去每天選不同衣服的煩惱”與原文意思表述相符,因此正確。B選項“滿足有時尚意識的客戶的期望”和D選項“節(jié)省服裝開支”在錄音中均未提及,因此排除;C選項“跟上當(dāng)前的潮流”,利用錄音開頭的keepupwithcurrenttrends設(shè)置干擾,但這并不是發(fā)明制服的原因,因此不正確。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是說話者關(guān)于“看起來更時尚”的看法。在錄音后半部分,說話者提出一個問題,即看起來更時尚是否會提升我們的工作能力,接下來隨即對此進(jìn)行了回答,如果你的工作需要與其他人進(jìn)行面對面交談,則答案是肯定的,C選項“這在需要與他人接洽的工作中很重要”與原文意思表述一致,因此正確。A選項“這能提高人們獨立工作的能力”和D選項“這能增強(qiáng)求職者的信心”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。B選項“這幫助人們在他們所做的任何事情上取得成功”說法過于絕對,不符合題意。

15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在這個看重外貌形象的世界里,說話者建議人們怎么做?錄音結(jié)尾提到,說話者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該竭盡所能去做能實現(xiàn)工作目標(biāo)的事情,包括謹(jǐn)慎塑造自己的形象,這都是值得的。D選項“做任何能(使我們的形象)看起來時尚的事情”與原文意思符合,因此正確。A選項“設(shè)計他們自己的制服,使其看起來獨一無二”;B選項“穿經(jīng)典的衣服給客戶留下深刻印象”和C選項“對抗不斷變化的時尚潮流”均不正確,在原文找不到相關(guān)依據(jù),因此排除。

4.單選題

Whentherearenotenoughvolunteersforthearmedforces,thegovernment()additionalmen.

問題1選項

A.revises

B.suspends

C.conscripts

D.encourages

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂,校訂”;suspend“延緩,推遲”;conscript“征召,招兵”;encourage“鼓勵,激勵”。句意:當(dāng)沒有足夠的志愿者入伍時,政府就會征兵。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay()fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

問題1選項

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問題2選項

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問題3選項

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于中小企業(yè)面臨的問題,說話者說了什么?本篇講座在開頭就提到講座的目的是詳細(xì)分析中小企業(yè)在適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步方面所面臨的問題。由此可知,中小企業(yè)面臨的問題來源于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,因此D選項正確。A選項“沒有政府的支持,問題不能解決”和B選項“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒有信息涉及;C選項“到目前為止,問題還沒有詳細(xì)研究過”,在這次講座中說話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個問題,而且接著展開了對第一個問題的詳細(xì)剖析,因此C選項不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于科技行業(yè),說話者說了什么?說話者在說跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個問題時提到,科技行業(yè)是競爭激烈的行業(yè),各公司相互競爭,一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場。A選項“競爭非常激烈”與原文表述一致,因此正確。B選項“專注于新產(chǎn)品”;C選項“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項“它對企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問什么是解決中小企業(yè)問題的可行方案?說話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè),如果相互之間沒有直接的競爭關(guān)系,可嘗試共同分擔(dān)技術(shù)的升級成本,而這不失為一種實用的解決方法。因此B選項“互相分?jǐn)偝杀尽闭_。A選項“與大公司合作”和D選項“信息技術(shù)人員的在職培訓(xùn)”在錄音中沒有信息提及;C選項“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及,但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個問題,并非實際解決中小型企業(yè)問題的方法,因此可排除。

7.單選題

Hemanagedtostayinpowerforoverfiveyears,()allthecriticismandthepressureonhimtoresign.

問題1選項

A.withstanding

B.withholding

C.withdrawing

D.witnessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似動詞辨析。withstand“抵擋,禁得起,反抗”;withhold“克制,忍住”;withdraw“取款;回收;撤退”;witness“目擊”。句意:他成功掌權(quán)五年多,經(jīng)受住了各種批判和要他下臺的壓力。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Iamafraidwehaveto()asetofrulescalledetiquetteandpolitenesstomakeourfrequentmeetingstolerable.

問題1選項

A.confideto

B.dedicateto

C.concuron

D.dispensewith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。confideto“信賴,透露”;dedicateto“獻(xiàn)身,把(時間、精力)用于……”;concuron“同意,一致”;dispensewith“免除,省掉”。句意:恐怕必須要省掉一些所謂的禮儀和規(guī)矩才能使我們?nèi)淌艿米≡丛床粩嗟臅h。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot()theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.

問題1選項

A.subjectto

B.carryon

C.yieldto

D.aimat

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。subjectto“使……遭受,受制于”;carryon“繼續(xù),參與”;yieldto“屈服,服從”;aimat“目的在于……”。句意:他的思想負(fù)擔(dān)是,追求真理的哲學(xué)家不應(yīng)該屈服于嘗試優(yōu)雅寫作的誘惑。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問題2選項

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問題3選項

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問這三項有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的?錄音開頭提到“在今天的講座中,我們將看到三個非常有趣的研究,它們暗示了人類嬰兒驚人的能力(abilitiesofhumanbabies)”,因此A選項“人類嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項“成年人對兒童的影響”,三個研究雖有成年人參與,但這些研究并不是研究成年人對兒童的影響,因此B選項不正確;C選項“不同新生哺乳動物在認(rèn)知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容,而不是本周;D選項“人類嬰兒和動物嬰兒之間的相似之處”,錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于9個月大的嬰兒,第二項研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?在第二項研究中,提到音樂氛圍的變化對3個月大的嬰兒沒有影響,但對于9個月大的嬰兒來說,這足以重新引起他們的興趣,這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項“他們能分辨出快樂的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項“他們喜歡快樂的旋律勝過悲傷的旋律”和B選項“他們聽音樂時很容易睡著”在錄音中沒有信息提及;C選項“他們對節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn),因此C選項可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問1980年那項研究是關(guān)于什么的?錄音中提到,該項研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒(infantemotion)的最著名的研究之一,因此A選項“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項“嬰兒的行為”并沒有提及;C選項“嬰兒和成人的互動”,利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾,但錄音是說嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時臉部的表情,不是嬰兒自己的interactions,因此C選項不正確;D選項“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項。事實上,facialexpressions在這項研究中很重要,但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的,因此D選項不選。

11.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.

B.Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.

C.Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.

D.Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.

問題2選項

A.Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.

B.Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.

C.Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.

D.Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.

問題3選項

A.Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.

B.Thesigningofaglobalagreement.

C.Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.

D.Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.

問題4選項

A.Planwellinadvance.

B.Adoptnewtechnology.

C.Carryoutmoreresearchonit.

D.Cutdownenergyconsumption.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationOne

W:ProfessorHenderson,couldyougiveusabriefoverviewofwhatyoudo,whereyouworkandyourmainareaofresearch?

M:[1]Well,theCenterforClimateResearchwhereIworklinksthescienceofclimatechangetoissuesaroundeconomicsandpolicy.Someofourresearchistodowiththelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeandalloftheassociatedrisks.

W:Andhowstrongistheevidencethatclimatechangeishappeningthatisreallysomethingweneedtobeworriedabout?

M:Well,mostofthescienceofclimatechange,particularlythattodowithglobalwarming,issimplyfact.Butotheraspectsofthesciencearelesscertain,oratleastmoredisputed.Andsowearereallytalkingaboutrisk,[2]Whattheeconomicstellsusisthatit’sprobablycheapertoavoidclimatechangetoavoidtheriskthanitistodealwiththelikelyconsequences.

W:Sowhatarewedoing?Whatcanwedoaboutit?

M:Well,Iwouldarguethatweneedtodevelopthesciencespecificallytounderstandthelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeindifferentcontexts.AsIsaid,weneedtounderstandthebestwaysofavoidingclimatechange.[3]Andthiswillinvolveahugetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.Andthetransitionisatremendouspriority.Andforthistohappen,wemayneedactiononaglobalscale.Fromapoliticalperspective,weneedtounderstandthetermsonwhichmajorcountrieslikeChinaandtheUSAmightsignuptoaglobalagreementbecauseatthemomentwedon’thavethatconsensus.

W:Right…

M:[4]Andwealsoneedtoplanaheadsothatwe’reinapositiontodealwiththelikelylevelsofclimatechangewhicharealreadyinevitable,andevenmoresotooforthelevelsthatarelikelyifwedon’tgetthoseglobalagreements.

1.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayabouthismainareaofresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于他的主要研究領(lǐng)域,亨德森教授說了些什么?對話開頭,女士開門見山地問亨德森教授其主要的研究領(lǐng)域是什么。亨德森教授回答說他在氣候研究中心工作,該中心主要是把一些有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策的問題與氣候變化這門科學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。B選項“它將氣候變化的科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策問題聯(lián)系起來”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項“它著重于各國應(yīng)對全球變暖所能做出的努力”,錄音最后只是提到亨德森教授希望主要國家能簽署全球協(xié)議,但沒有提到他的研究致力于讓所有國家一起應(yīng)對全球變暖,因此A選項可排除;C選項“研究全球氣候變化對人們生活的影響”,錄音提到這只是他們的部分研究,并不是主要研究范圍,因此C選項不正確;D選項“預(yù)測全球氣候變化可能發(fā)生的趨勢”在錄音中沒有提及。

2.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayaboutclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于氣候變化,亨德森教授說了什么?錄音中,亨德森教授提到,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)告訴我們:比起應(yīng)對氣候變化可能帶來的最終后果,我們預(yù)防氣候變化所花的代價要更少。A選項“處理氣候變化的后果將比避免氣候變化的代價更大”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。B選項“需要很長時間才能就其影響達(dá)成共識”,錄音只是提到主要國家在如何共同應(yīng)對氣候變化的方面還沒有達(dá)成共識,并沒有提及達(dá)成共識仍需一段時間,因此排除B選項;C選項“對于所有國家來說,氣候變化是最緊迫的一個議題”在錄音中沒有信息提及;D選項“氣候變化肯定會在各國之間帶來無窮的爭議”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的disputed一詞作干擾,亨德森教授說的是在氣候變化這門科學(xué)上,除全球變暖外,其他方面還存在爭議,并不是說會在各國之間帶來爭議,因此D選項不正確。

3.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayisatoppriorityincombatingclimatechange?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問亨德森教授認(rèn)為應(yīng)對氣候變化的首要任務(wù)是什么?錄音提到,亨德森教授認(rèn)為我們需了解避免氣候變化的最佳方法,這涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的問題,而我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先解決這一問題。因此D選項“向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的過渡”正確。A選項“提高人們的意識”和C選項“世界主要國家之間合作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及;B選項“全球協(xié)議的簽署”在錄音中雖然有所提及,但不是應(yīng)對氣候變化的首要任務(wù),因此B選項可排除。

4.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonadviseustodotobetterdealwithclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為了更好地應(yīng)對氣候變化,亨德森教授建議我們做些什么?錄音最后亨德森教授提到,為應(yīng)對全球變化可能帶來的影響,我們需要提前做好準(zhǔn)備。A選項“提前做好準(zhǔn)備”中的inadvance是錄音中ahead的同義替換,因此正確。B選項“采用新科技”;C選項“開展更多研究”和D選項“降低能耗”在錄音中均未提及,因此可排除。

12.單選題

Themotherwas()withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的;古怪的”;frank“坦白的,直率的”;frantic“狂亂的,瘋狂的”;frenzy“狂暴;狂怒”。句意:當(dāng)那位母親得知她的孩子死了,悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

InbothAmericaandEurope,itis()totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.

問題1選項

A.elementary

B.temporary

C.voluntary

D.customary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。elementary“基本的”;temporary“暫時的”;voluntary“自愿的”;customary“習(xí)慣的”。句意:在美國和歐洲,給服務(wù)員百分之十到百分之二十的小費是一種習(xí)慣。選項D符合題意。

14.翻譯題

首先,額外的學(xué)習(xí)對孩子的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專家指出,孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后,參加一些體育活動,而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí),是非常重要的。孩子們正處于身體快速發(fā)育時期,缺乏體育鍛煉可能會對他們的生活造成嚴(yán)重的影響。第二,從心理上講,大部分孩子似乎對額外學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么好感。當(dāng)別的孩子玩耍的時候,很難想象一個學(xué)生能把精力集中在課本上。而且,由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí),孩子們沒有多少時間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流,很難培養(yǎng)他們的交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻,甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。通過以上討論我們可以得出結(jié)論:盡管額外的學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點,但它的缺點不可忽視,遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點。因此,放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。任何家長都應(yīng)非常重視孩子在學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍這兩方面的平衡,正如那句老話:只學(xué)習(xí),不玩耍,聰明的孩子會變傻。

【答案】First,additionallearningisdetrimentaltochildren’sphysicaldevelopment.Educationalexpertspointoutthattakingsomesportactivitiesinsteadofextrastudyisveryimportantforchildrenafterspendingthewholedayinaboringclassroom.Childrenareundergoingrapidphysicaldevelopmentandlackingphysicalexercisemightseverelyaffecttheirfuturelife.Second,psychologicallyspeaking,themajorityofchildrendonotseemtolikeextrastudy.Whenotherchildrenareplaying,itishardtoimagineastudentcanbeabsorbedinhistextbook.Furthermore,childrendonothavemuchtimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeersbecauseoftheextralearning.Itisthereforedifficulttodeveloptheirinterpersonalabilities.Theymaybecomewithdrawn,andevensuffercertainmentalillness.Therefore,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthat,althoughextrastudyindeedhasmanyobviousadvantages,itsdisadvantagesshouldn’tbeignoredandfarout-weighitsadvantages.Itisthereforeabsurdtoforcechildrentotakeextrastudyafterschool.Anyparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenkeepabalancebetweenplayandstudy,astheoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

15.問答題

Therearearound200,000youngpeoplebetweentheagesof11and15smokeintheUK.Itis

A

estimatedthataround20%ofthembuytheircigarettesfromvendingmachines;itavoidsthe

B

C

problemsofface-to-facecontactandtheneedforproofofage.Therewillbeareviewof

vendingmachineswiththepossibilityofpeoplehavingtobuytokenstousethemachines.

D

【答案】試題答案:A;smoking

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。Therebe句型中已包含謂語動詞are,故此處用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系。

16.單選題

Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe(

)withtherightinstruction.

問題1選項

A.acquired

B.imposed

C.traced

D.fabricated

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞辨析。acquired獲得;imposed強(qiáng)加;traced追蹤;fabricated偽造。句意:科學(xué)表明樂觀的前景大都可以通過正確的教導(dǎo)獲得。選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問題2選項

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問題4選項

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnu

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