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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Lifeoffersusamyriadof(),evenopposingones,andwhatisinvolvedinourdecisionprocessistodiscoverandchoosewhatismostsuitedtoarriveatourobjectives.
問題1選項
A.bisociations
B.navigations
C.digerati
D.paradigms
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bisociations“異類聯(lián)想”;B選項navigations“航行,航?!?;C選項digerati“電腦專家”;D選項paradigms“范例,范式”。句意:生活給我們提供了無數(shù)的模式,甚至是對立的模式,而在我們做出決定的過程中,我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)并選擇最適合我們達到目標的模式。本句表示生活中的范式。因此D選項正確。
2.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.
縱觀國際國內(nèi)大勢,我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期。我們要準確判斷重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期內(nèi)涵和條件的變化,全面把握機遇,沉著應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn),贏得主動,贏得優(yōu)勢,贏得未來,確保到2020年實現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)成小康社會的宏偉目標。
【答案】AnexaminationofboththecurrentinternationalanddomesticenvironmentsshowsthatChinaremainsinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuchcanbeachieved.Weneedtohaveacorrectunderstandingofthechangingnatureandconditionsofthisperiod,seizeallopportunities,respondwithcool-headednesstochallenges,andgaininitiativeandadvantagestowinthefutureandattainthegoalofcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020.
3.單選題
Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget()quickly.
問題1選項
A.deduced
B.denounced
C.detached
D.decomposed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論;推斷”;denounce“譴責(zé);告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;decompose“分解,腐爛”。根據(jù)badanddampweather“惡劣潮濕天氣”可知plant(植物)容易腐爛,選項D符合題意。
4.寫作題
Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.
Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
【答案】DearMr.Liu,
IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.
Sincerelyyours,
ChenLing
5.單選題
Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto()furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.
問題1選項
A.stimulate
B.renovate
C.invent
D.advocate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”;renovate“更新;修復(fù)”;invent“發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造”;advocate“提倡;擁護”?!翱茖W(xué)理論的一個重要特征”與后面的“進一步研究”“更深層次的思考”的關(guān)系是前者“促進”后者的發(fā)生,因此選項A符合題意。
6.單選題
Thewalkersinfrontcrossedtheledgeeasily,seemingly()ofthefactthattherewasa3000-footdroponeitherside.
問題1選項
A.pretentious
B.remindful
C.attentive
D.oblivious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。pretentious“炫耀的,做作的”;remindful“提醒的,留意的”;attentive“注意的,體貼的”;oblivious“遺忘的;不注意的”。前半句的句意是:前面的人輕松地跨過了巖架,與后文“巖架兩側(cè)深達3000英尺”形成對比,可推測空格處是要表達“好像沒有注意到……”,選項D符合題意。
7.不定項選擇題
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.
1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled().
2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat().
3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is().
4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat().
5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.().
問題1選項
A.MeasuringYourIntelligence
B.IntelligenceandEnvironment
C.TheCaseofPeterandMark
D.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence
問題2選項
A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably
B.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence
C.environmentisvitaltodetermineaperson’sintelligence
D.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence
問題3選項
A.85
B.100
C.110
D.125
問題4選項
A.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel
B.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment
C.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence
D.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain
問題5選項
A.canbepredictedatbirth
B.staysthesamethroughouthislife
C.canbeincreasedbyeducation
D.isdeterminedbyhischildhood
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith...Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared(有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦……所以第二個因素是個體發(fā)生了什么——他成長的環(huán)境)可知B選項“智力與環(huán)境”最符合題意;A選項“衡量你的智力”,C選項“彼得和馬克的案例”以及D選項“大腦如何影響智力”都是文章內(nèi)容中的一部分,沒有概括全文;因此B選項正確。
第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable(但是,無論一個人的大腦有多好,如果沒有學(xué)習(xí)的機會,他的智力水平也會很低。所以第二個因素是個體發(fā)生了什么——他成長的環(huán)境。如果一個人在環(huán)境上有缺陷,他的大腦很可能無法發(fā)展,他將永遠無法達到他所能達到的智力水平)以及第二段Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX(環(huán)境在決定個人智力方面的重要性,可以從同卵雙胞胎彼得x和馬克x的歷史中得到證明)可以得知C選項“環(huán)境對決定一個人的智力至關(guān)重要”符合題意;A選項“人類的大腦有很大的不同”和D選項“擁有相同大腦的人會有大致相同的智力”未在文章內(nèi)提及;雖然文章內(nèi)提到Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith(有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦)但是并沒有表達出B選項“一個人天生的大腦在決定他的智力方面很重要”的含義,因此C選項正確。
第3題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother(馬克的智商是125,比平均水平高出25分,比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分),可知平均水平為100;因此B選項“100”符合題意。
第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame(由于同卵,這對雙胞胎在出生時就擁有相同的大腦,他們的成長過程也相同)以及第二段Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother(得是在一個受教育機會很少的與世隔絕的社區(qū)里,由智力低下的父母撫養(yǎng)長大的。馬克是在上過大學(xué)的富裕家庭長大的。他還是個孩子的時候,就有人給他讀故事,送他去好學(xué)校,給他一切機會去激發(fā)他的智力。這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到雙胞胎十幾歲時,當他們接受智力測試時。馬克的智商是125,比平均水平高出25分,比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分)可以得知C選項“缺乏機會阻礙了智力的成長”符合題意;A選項“具有相同大腦的個體很少接受相同水平的測試”和D選項“環(huán)境的變化產(chǎn)生大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”未在文章內(nèi)提及;根據(jù)第一段第一句Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith(有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦)可知B選項“一個人的智力只取決于他所處的環(huán)境”錯誤,因此C選項正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn(但是,無論一個人的大腦有多好,如果沒有學(xué)習(xí)的機會,他的智力水平也會很低。)可以得知C選項“可以通過教育增加”正確;A選項“在出生時就可以預(yù)測”和B選項“在他的一生中保持不變”未在文章內(nèi)提及;根據(jù)第二段所描述的雙胞胎的例子可知D選項“是由他的童年決定的”錯誤,因此C選項正確。
8.不定項選擇題
Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.
Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.
Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.
PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.
AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.
ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.
1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout().
2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?
4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat().
5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis().
問題1選項
A.10
B.40
C.30
D.50
問題2選項
A.disagree
B.separate
C.arrange
D.concern
問題3選項
A.ANewResearchCouncil
B.TheDepartmentofTransportation
C.TheMedicalOrganizations
D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration
問題4選項
A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation
B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered
C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration
D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation
問題5選項
A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren
B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses
C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures
D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.(……每年約有10名兒童在乘坐大型校車時死亡,而在校車外裝載區(qū)的死亡人數(shù)幾乎是這個數(shù)字的4倍。),可知B選項“40”正確;A,C,D選項不符合題意。因此B選項符合題意。
第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory(人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用)由安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用人們存在兩種意見,則A選項“不同意;不一致;爭執(zhí)”正確;B選項“分開的;單獨的;分離,分開;隔開;分手;可搭配穿著的單件衣服;抽印本;獨立音響設(shè)備;土壤劃分”,C選項“安排;排列;整理”以及D選項“擔(dān)心,憂慮;關(guān)愛,關(guān)心;關(guān)心的事,負責(zé)的事;涉及;使擔(dān)心”錯誤。因此A選項符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977(反對系安全帶的人建議說,按照1977年國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求,校車已經(jīng)很好地保護了孩子們)可以判斷出D選項“國家公路交通安全管理局”符合題意,最大程度上的校車安全控制在于國家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive(一份新的研究委員會關(guān)于校車安全的報告建議,有替代的安全裝置和程序可能更有效和更便宜)可以得知A選項“一個新的研究委員會”只是提出建議,不符合題目;B選項“運輸部”錯誤,原文并沒有提及;根據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations(贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu))可以得知C選項“醫(yī)療機構(gòu)”只是贊成在校車上系上安全帶,不符合題意;因此D選項正確。
第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts(例如,研究委員會建議,把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全帶一樣安全)可以得知C選項“可以考慮使用替代安全裝置(將座椅靠背抬高4英寸)”符合題意;據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations(贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu))可以得知A選項“許多反對安裝安全帶的人是家長和交通部的官員”不符合題意;全文只是描述人們對于校車安全提出的兩個不同的建議,并不能看出哪個建議會被認真考慮,故B選項“校車系安全帶的建議會被認真考慮”不符合題意;D選項“當運輸部審查整個情況,它可能采取安全帶的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及;因此C選項正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,文章主要就如何讓校車更安全進行探討,再根據(jù)第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory(雖然校車事故的數(shù)量并不多,但兒童的安全一直是公眾高度關(guān)注的問題。雖然每個人都希望看到兒童安全運輸,但對于需要做些什么,人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用)可以得知A選項“讓校車對孩子們更安全”符合題意。B選項“校車上需要安全帶”以及C選項“備用安全裝置和程序”都是文章中對于如何讓校車對孩子更安全的觀點提出來的方法;D選項“校車內(nèi)外的安全”雖然在文章第一段中提到,但并不是文章主要描寫的內(nèi)容,下文并沒有提及,排除;因此A選項正確。
9.寫作題
Directions:ItisnotstrangeinrecentyearstohearthatsomestudentsmaykillthemselvesatUniversity.Whatisyouropiniononthosestudentswhocommitsuicideorkillthemselves?WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.Markswillbemainlyawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretomeettherequirednumberofwordsmayalsoresultinthelossofmarks.
MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversityYouaretowriteinthreeparts:
Inthefirstpartofyourarticle,youshouldclearlypresentyourview.
Inthesecondpart,youshouldsupportyouropinionwithappropriatedetails.
Inthelastpart,youshouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorsummary.
【答案】MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversity10.單選題
Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe().
問題1選項
A.elegant
B.creative
C.confident
D.imaginary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的,優(yōu)雅的”;creative“創(chuàng)造性的”;confident“自信的,確信的”;imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”。根據(jù)分析句子可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與originality相似的單詞,因此選項B符合題意。
11.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.
Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.Gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.
【答案】在社交生活中,時間扮演著重要的角色。在美國,如果客人在一個聚會的前3天或4天才收到邀請,他們就會覺得自己沒有受到高度重視。但并不是所有國家都這樣。在世界的其他地方,太早和別人約好時間被認為是愚蠢的,因為超過一個星期的提前預(yù)約很容易被人忘掉。時間在不同國家有不同的意義。因此,來自看待時間不同的文化的人之間會產(chǎn)生誤會。
12.單選題
Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto()theconsequences.
問題1選項
A.runinto
B.answerfor
C.complywith
D.abideby
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。runinto“遭遇,陷入”;answerfor“因……而受罰”;complywith“遵守,照做”;abideby“遵守,信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒有履行合同中的一些條款”可知,他應(yīng)該為此負責(zé),選項B符合題意。
13.單選題
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.
Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.
Iheadedofftocollege,feelingsureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.
NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.
Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan(
).
2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected().
3.Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe().
4.Theauthor’sexperienceshowsthathewas().
問題1選項
A.becomenobleidealists
B.broadentheirhorizons
C.balanceengineeringandtheliberalarts
D.receiveguidanceintheircareers
問題2選項
A.tobewiseandmature
B.tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevision
C.tohaveanexcellentacademicrecord
D.tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehim
問題3選項
A.intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanist
B.wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationality
C.wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberalartscoursesincollege
D.intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleideals
問題4選項
A.irrational
B.creative
C.unrealistic
D.ambitious
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“通過文科學(xué)生交流,工科學(xué)生能夠怎么樣?”文章第二段提到“我想通過與那些不學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)或工程的人交流來擴展我的視野”(Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering),由此可知選項B“開闊眼界”符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來,一個成功的工科學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎么樣?”文章第二段講述了作者為什么去一所小的文科學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)工科:希望獲得更靈活的教育;通過和那些文科生交流拓寬視野,從而成為一個集技術(shù)天才和敏感的人文主義于一身(Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone),因此,選項B“擁有開闊眼界的技術(shù)天才”符合題意。
3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者選擇去一所小的文科大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)工程的原因是什么?”文章第三段最后一句話提到“我要成為一個完整的工程師:集技術(shù)天才和敏感的人文主義于一身”(Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone),由此可知選項A“想要成為工程師與人文主義者的結(jié)合”符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者的經(jīng)歷說明他是個什么樣的人?”文章提到nobleidealscrashedintoreality及therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudent,可以推斷作者選擇去文科學(xué)校學(xué)工科的行為都是理想主義,與現(xiàn)實不符,因此選項C“不實際的”符合題意。
14.不定項選擇題
Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,which-includestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.
TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.
ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.
However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.
ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromdearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.
Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheHawaiiannatives?
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?
3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?
4.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT().
5.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto().
問題1選項
A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.
B.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.
C.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.
D.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.
問題2選項
A.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.
B.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.
C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.
D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.
問題3選項
A.AmericanIndiannatives.
B.TheKaLahuigroup.
C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.
D.TheHawaiiannatives.
問題4選項
A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate
B.morebackrentonthecrownland
C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland
D.fullindependencefromtheUS
問題5選項
A.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood
B.Hawaii’sethnicgroups
C.theKaLahui
D.peopleofFilipinoorigin
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“worsethan”可以定位到文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.(這些島嶼在1898年被美國吞并,自那以后,夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過得更糟糕。),說明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起來生活更糟糕。因此B選項“他們的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正確。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless(他們占該州無家可歸者的60%以上),說明超過60%的夏威夷土著人無家可歸,但其中并不包括失業(yè)的人數(shù),所以A選項“他們中有60%的人無家可歸或失業(yè)”錯誤。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.(他們是美國唯一沒有某種程度自治權(quán)的主要原住民群體。),指的是主要原住民群體,所以C選項“他們是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著群體”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ifespan”可以定位到第二段第二句andtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians(壽命比夏威夷人的平均壽命短5年),指的是比夏威夷人的壽命短,而不是一般的美國人,所以D選項“他們的壽命比一般美國人短5年”錯誤。
第2題:客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“JohnWaihee”可以定位到文章第三段,前半部分說到asovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee(夏威夷第一任土著州長約翰?韋希建立的一個主權(quán)咨詢委員會),說明JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一任土著州長,由他成立了主權(quán)咨詢委員會,所以B選項“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州長”和C選項“他成立了一個主權(quán)咨詢委員會”表述正確。后半部分說到hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.(建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否重新建立一個擁有主權(quán)的夏威夷國家,從而極大地推動了土著人的事業(yè)。),說明JohnWaihee建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否建立主權(quán)國家,所以D選項“他建議土著人自己決定”表述正確。A選項“他正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)當?shù)氐莫毩⑦\動”在文中沒有提及,因此本題選A。
第3題:客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)essradical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.(這一立場得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年,是一個代表原住民利益的國家機構(gòu),現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為原住民主權(quán)運動的溫和代言人。),說明夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室在主權(quán)問題上的態(tài)度是溫和、不激進的,題干中的lessradical和原文中的moderate對應(yīng)。因此C選項“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室”正確。A選項“美國印第安土著人”,B選項“卡拉會群體”,D選項“夏威夷土著人”,文中都表明了他們希望享有更大的自治權(quán),所以A,B,D錯誤。
第4題:客觀細節(jié)題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“greaterautonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate(有些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)),所以A選項“在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除A。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.(他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)。),所以C選項“對夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除C。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“fullindependence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.(更有野心的是卡拉會群體,該群體于1987年宣布自己是一個新國家,并希望完全、正式地從美國獨立出來。),所以D此處“完全獨立于美國”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除D。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.(他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王
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