2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)25

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Manyyearsagopeoplethoughttheearthwasflat.Theybelievedthatthesky（）abigup-side-downbowlandthatthesun,moon,andstarswerelampshangingfromthetopofthebowl.Later,people（）better.Theyfoundoutthattheearth（）round.

Wecallthestudyoftheskiesandtheplanetsastronomy,（）wecallthewatchersoftheskiesastronomer.EarlyastronomersthoughttheearthwasthecenterofTheythoughttheheavensspun（）theearth.Later,theychangedtheir（）Theyknewtheearthwasnotthecenter.Theybelievedthattheearthandthe（）planetsspinaroundthesun.Todayweknowthisistrue.

Ancientscientistsstudiedtheskies（）simpleinstruments.Thefirstperson（）atele-scopewasnamedGalileo.In1610（）fourmoonsaroundtheplanetJupiter.Today（）usemorecomplexequipment.Someofthesemeasurethebrightnessoflight.（）breaklightsupintodifferentcolors.Radiotelescopesmakestarsandplanets（）farcloserthanGalileo’stelescopecould.Earlyastronomers（）fiveplanetsinthesky.BesidesEarth,theyknewaboutmercury,Ve-nus,Mars,Jupiter,andSaturn.In1781aseventhonewasdiscoveredandnamedUranus.Yearslat-er,astronomersfoundanotherplanetandcalleditNeptune.TheninthplanettobefoundiscalledPluto.Itwasnot（）until1930.

Todayscientistscan（）almostanywhere.Theyhavereachedtheheavenswiththeirspace-craft.In1959,aspacecraft（）tookpicturesofthedarksideofthemoon.TheyearslateraspacecraftlandedtwoAmericansonthemoon.Otherimportantjourneysintospace（）.Whoknows?Maybe（）humanbeingswillliveonanotherplanet.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.were

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spoke

B.told

C.knew

D.swore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.is

D.were

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.yet

D.still

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.nothing

C.something

D.everything

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.round

C.about

D.along

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.jobs

B.minds

C.suggestion

D.advice

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.other

B.another

C.rest

D.remained

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.within

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.touse

B.used

C.uses

D.ofusing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.created

C.saw

D.discovered

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.musicians

B.carpenters

C.astronomers

D.scholars

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Theothers

B.Others

C.Another

D.Theother

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.look

B.looking

C.tolook

D.looks

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveseen

B.couldsee

C.hadseen

D.saw

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.trapped

B.served

C.discovered

D.settled

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.run

B.explore

C.play

D.relax

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.first

B.firstly

C.forthefirst

D.firstofall

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.followed

B.hadfollowed

C.werefollowing

D.follow

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.someday

B.someday

C.somedays

D.somedays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】1.語法分析。謂語動(dòng)詞believed為一般過去式，主語thesky為第三人稱單數(shù)，因此選B。

2.詞義辨析。句意：人們得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。

3.語法分析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地球是圓的。屬于客觀事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選C。

4.邏輯關(guān)系。句意：我們將對(duì)天空和星球的研究稱為天文學(xué)，我們將星空觀察者稱為天文學(xué)家。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故選A。

5.詞義辨析。句意：早期的天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為地球是宇宙萬物的中心。D項(xiàng)everything意為“所有事物”,符合句意。

6.固定搭配。此處句意為：他們認(rèn)為天堂圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。spinaround為固定搭配意為“圍繞……旋轉(zhuǎn)”。

7.詞義辨析。此處句意應(yīng)為：他們改變了想法/認(rèn)知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建議；advice建議。

8.詞義辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為地球和行星圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。other其他的；another另外一個(gè)；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故選A。

9.介詞辨析。句意：古代科學(xué)家通過簡易工具研究天空。by憑借……工具或手段；on在……上面；with伴隨；within在……里面。故選A。

10.語法分析。空格處應(yīng)為定語修飾主語。而動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞形式可以做定語。故A項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞不定式做定語正確。

11.詞義辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周圍了四顆衛(wèi)星。invented發(fā)明；created創(chuàng)造；saw看見；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。

12.詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)如今使用更精密的設(shè)備。C項(xiàng)astronomers（天文學(xué)家）正確。

13.關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句someof（有些）推斷空格處應(yīng)為Theothers（其他的）。

14.語法分析。Make為使役動(dòng)詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。故選A。

15.語法分析?？崭裉幨菍?duì)過去的一種推測：早期的天文學(xué)家可能已經(jīng)看到了天空中的五顆行星。因此用could表示推測。

16.詞義辨析。句意：直到1930年科學(xué)家才它。trapped誘捕、陷入困境；served招待、服務(wù)；discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；settled定居、解決。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家?guī)缀跄軌蛴钪娴娜魏蔚胤?。run運(yùn)行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.詞義辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飛船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A項(xiàng)first意為“第一次”,而其他選項(xiàng)都表示“首先”，故選A。

19.語法分析。此句講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時(shí)。

20.詞義辨析。句意：或許總有一天，人們會(huì)居住到另外一個(gè)星球。因此A項(xiàng)someday（有一天）正確。

2.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開頭介紹了“復(fù)興”一詞的來源及興起。第二段寫文藝復(fù)興影響人們音樂思考和音樂創(chuàng)作的方式。第三段寫這一時(shí)期的音樂風(fēng)格多變，很難定義為單一的音樂類型。C項(xiàng)對(duì)文意的概括比較全面，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（對(duì)于這些學(xué)者而言，文藝復(fù)興意味著對(duì)人類價(jià)值而非精神方面的回歸）。C項(xiàng)“重視人類價(jià)值觀的主張”符合原文意思。

3.B項(xiàng)“僅僅描述人生經(jīng)歷中快樂的部分”不是藝術(shù)家和作家的目的，故選B。

4.“disseminated”出現(xiàn)在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（這些觀點(diǎn)的改變深深地影響了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂文化——人們思考音樂的方式以及音樂的創(chuàng)作、體驗(yàn)、爭議和）。所以，C項(xiàng)spread“傳播”正確。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世紀(jì)半葉，音樂變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國家以不同的速度變化，但我們無法定義一種文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D項(xiàng)“音樂無法長時(shí)間的保持一種形式”正確。

3.單選題

Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost（）onfullymasteringthe

skillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.inclusively

D.exclusively

【答案】D

【解析】句意：直到那個(gè)時(shí)候，他的興趣幾乎只（）充分地掌握職業(yè)的技能和技巧。再根據(jù)題干中almost和fully，可知他只關(guān)注掌握他的職業(yè)的技能和技巧。A選項(xiàng)restrictively限制性地；B選項(xiàng)radically根本地，徹底地；C選項(xiàng)inclusively包含地；D選項(xiàng)exclusively專有地；排外地。

4.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測negligence意為疏忽，過失。ignorance無知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項(xiàng)的說法錯(cuò)誤。

3.題干問的是法院對(duì)火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團(tuán)裁決鐵路公司負(fù)責(zé)全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團(tuán)的決定，認(rèn)為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)任，而離得較遠(yuǎn)的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開始反對(duì)鐵路公司——反對(duì)他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價(jià)以及他們對(duì)個(gè)人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知，C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。

5.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔(dān)這份工作是因?yàn)樗麚碛械墓ぷ鹘?jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項(xiàng)“隨意地”符合句意。

6.單選題

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancial（）forthenextfiscal

yearwasoptimistic;theyexpectincreasedtaxrevenues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outlook

B.oversight

C.notion

D.subject

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：城市規(guī)劃委員會(huì)表示，他們對(duì)下一個(gè)財(cái)政年度的財(cái)務(wù)前景持樂觀態(tài)度；他們預(yù)計(jì)稅收會(huì)增加。

7.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)?；soldiers軍人。故選A。

8.單選題

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。C選項(xiàng)“接種：方法和含義”概括全文大意。其他選項(xiàng)不夠全面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中天花的舉例是在第三段中出現(xiàn)的，第三、四段主要闡述使用疫苗可能帶來的負(fù)面效果，而A選項(xiàng)“管理疫苗可能帶來的負(fù)面后果”與文章相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述的是如果接種疫苗，身體可以自然對(duì)抗這種疾病，選項(xiàng)B（很輕松地與之對(duì)抗）正確。

4.推理題。選項(xiàng)B（免疫系統(tǒng)能夠被訓(xùn)練來抵抗較弱的疾病變體）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨題。本文是科普性文章。所以D項(xiàng)（為了解釋和告知信息）正確。

9.單選題

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很難這個(gè)目標(biāo)。attributeto歸因于；audit稽查，審計(jì)；bare揭開;脫掉（衣服）；attain獲得，達(dá)到。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項(xiàng)prominent意為“突出的；著名的”。句意：參加這次招待會(huì)的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的（）人士。A選項(xiàng)excellent極好的；B選項(xiàng)conspicuous顯而易見的；C選項(xiàng)prominent突出的；著名的；D選項(xiàng)noticeable引人注目的，C選項(xiàng)prominent符合句意。

11.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：父母經(jīng)常面臨這樣的

：是做自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展有利的事情還是坐視孩子毫無紀(jì)律的吵鬧和破壞。

junction接合點(diǎn)，會(huì)合點(diǎn)；paradox悖論，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假設(shè)；dilemma困境，進(jìn)退兩難?？崭窈笥小癰etween...and...”，因此這里說的是父母在教育孩子時(shí)陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境況，D項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。

12.寫作題

Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsaboutyourviewpointstoopiniononthewritingclassforthePHDstudents.

【答案】

MyViewpointstoWritingClassforPhDStudents

13.單選題

Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready（）toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excess

B.approach

C.solution

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英語是一門非常重要的需要掌握的外語，因?yàn)樗峭ㄏ蛑R(shí)世界和商業(yè)世界的（）。

A選項(xiàng)excess超過；B選項(xiàng)approach接近；C選項(xiàng)solution解決；D選項(xiàng)access入口，進(jìn)入。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：（）殖民主義者們設(shè)法消滅全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地區(qū)的。因此，A項(xiàng)aboriginal符合句意。

15.單選題

Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.

Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”，whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.

Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.

Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.

1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis（）

2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds

3.UandVareconfusedby（）.

4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans（）.

5.Theresearchmayhelp（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.silly

B.impolite

C.unnecessary

D.inappropriate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arereallysillyorstupid

B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople

C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo

D.learnmorequicklythanchildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.92percentofpigeons

B.manyEnglishchildren

C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish

D.4percentofEnglishchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans

B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds

C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame

D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.computerdesigners

B.computersalesmen

C.psychologists

D.teachers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“bird-brained”定位至第一段：Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity（在英語中，如果稱某人為“鳥腦”，意思就是這個(gè)人非常愚蠢或沒頭腦。不過最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，這個(gè)叫法可能很快會(huì)不再使用?？磥碛⒄Z將鳥的大腦與愚蠢聯(lián)系在一起是不公平的）。因此，正確答案為D。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段：Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld，美國布朗大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家將鳥類和人類的行為進(jìn)行了比較，為了了解不同的生物是怎么領(lǐng)會(huì)世界的。據(jù)此可知，心理學(xué)家用鴿子做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類與人類在領(lǐng)會(huì)世界方面是否相同。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段：ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime（當(dāng)面對(duì)字母U和V（英語孩子常常混淆這兩個(gè)字母）時(shí)，鴿子的正確率只有34%）。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段：Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.（目前為止，心理學(xué)家從這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到的結(jié)論是，鴿子和人類以相似的方式觀察事物。這表明，識(shí)別過程具有基本的因素。）據(jù)此可知，鴿子和人類在觀察事物方面相似是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)識(shí)世界的基本方法相同，因此正確答案為C。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“research”定位至第四段，第四段講的是resultsoftheexperiments（試驗(yàn)結(jié)果）：Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知，這將給計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師帶來很大的益處，A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthelocation

B.onthesite

C.onthespot

D.ontheground

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：火災(zāi)的新聞之后是一份詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場報(bào)告。因此選C。

17.單選題

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延長；lingered逗留。句意：那位名醫(yī)開的藥的討厭味道在他嘴里（）了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.

Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi?humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.

1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.

2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）

3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforceonly

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginforce

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一種方法是不夠的，還要使用第二種方法）。D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”符合題意。

2.推理題。根據(jù)文章推斷,“Prince”指代的是A項(xiàng)“任何掌權(quán)的人”。

3.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtr