2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號44

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

A:Lee,haveyouseenthatnewvampiremovieeveryone’stalkingabout?

B:No,Ihaven’t,I（）horrorfilms.

問題1選項

A.loathe

B.discard

C.resolve

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項loathe“討厭”；B選項discard“拋棄”；C選項resolve“決定”；D選項contest“競爭”。句意：A：李，你看過人人都在談?wù)摰哪遣孔钚碌奈黼娪傲藛?B：我沒看過，我討厭恐怖片。本句表示討厭恐怖片。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

問題3選項

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

問題4選項

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

問題5選項

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：下面哪一項適用于美國公司的人力資源管理？根據(jù)原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.（技能的獲得被認為是個人的責(zé)任。）由此可知，C選項“公司認為員工獲得技能是他們自己的事”符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：在美國公司中人力資源管理主管的地位怎樣？根據(jù)原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).（人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項專門的工作，處于公司等級制度的邊緣。持有該職位的主管在重大戰(zhàn)略決策上不需要征詢他的意見，他也沒有機會晉升為首席執(zhí)行官。）由此可知，美國公司人力資源管理的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的，在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權(quán)的，所以A選項“他在公司里做重要決定時沒有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)美國公司投入培訓(xùn)的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.（他們投資的資金也更多地集中在專業(yè)人員和管理人員身上。）由此可知，D選項“技術(shù)和管理人員”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：保持一個公司競爭優(yōu)勢的決定性因素是什么？文章首段第一句話指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.（如果持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢取決于勞動者的技能，那么美國公司就有麻煩了。）而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.（基本技能使得吸收掌握新技術(shù)成為可能。）由此可知，D選項“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要談?wù)撊绻偁幍膬?yōu)勢取決于工人的技術(shù)，那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競爭能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競爭力”正確。

3.單選題

ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.Thiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperience.ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.

SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.

Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.

Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.

WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomen?Marriage.Ason.Twodaughters.Breakfast.Ironing.Lunch.Bowling,maybeagardencluboffortheverydaring,non-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife?”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.

Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.

1.Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical?

3.Whatdoestheword“militant”mean?

4.Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale?

問題1選項

A.TheSecondWaveofFeminist.

B.Women’sIndependentSpirits.

C.TheUnityofWomen.

D.TheActionofUnion.

問題2選項

A.Hesupporteditwholeheartedly.

B.Heopposeditstrongly.

C.Hedisapprovedtosomeextent.

D.Heignoreditcompletely.

問題3選項

A.Aggressive.

B.Ambitions.

C.Progressive.

D.Independent.

問題4選項

A.Womenwereexploitedbythemale.

B.Womenwereindependentofthemale.

C.Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.

D.Themaleweretheircommonenemy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段舉了一個具體的例子，第二段指明SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.（她是我所說的第二次女權(quán)主義浪潮的象征。她就是現(xiàn)代女性的代表。），接下來全文圍繞女權(quán)運動展開論述。因此A選項“第二次女權(quán)主義浪潮?！弊罘衔恼轮髦?。B選項“女性的獨立精神”和C選項“女性的團結(jié)”只是文章的一個方面，不能概括文章主旨，所以B，C錯誤。D選項“工會的行動”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.（許多女權(quán)主義組織的迅速發(fā)展證明了這樣一個事實，即這些激進的女權(quán)主義者已經(jīng)觸動了一些重要的神經(jīng)?！杜俊冯s志就在《生活》雜志?？悄暾Q生。可是喚起覺醒的會議常常成為這些活動的目的。性別歧視常常顛倒過來，鼓勵憎恨男人。許多人都曾是大男子主義者。），表明了作者對激進分子有點批評、不滿的態(tài)度。接下來最后一段又說到Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.（因此，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一種溫和的趨勢。提高覺悟越來越被認為是獨立和實現(xiàn)的手段，而不是實現(xiàn)本身的儀式。真正的獨立可以通過能力，通過尋找事業(yè)，通過教育來實現(xiàn)。），說明了作者的觀點：獨立是靠踏實工作，提高婦女自身的能力來實現(xiàn)的。因此C選項“在某種程度上不贊成。”最能說明作者對激進分子的態(tài)度。A選項“全心全意地支持”，B選項“強烈反對”，D選項“完全忽視”的說法都過于絕對，所以A，B，D錯誤。

3.詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“militant”可以定位到文章第四段第三句Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.（在過去的五年里，女權(quán)主義的首要方面經(jīng)常以這種激進的、階級斗爭的調(diào)子出現(xiàn)。），說明過去五年的女權(quán)運動斗爭性很強。因此A選項“好斗的”符合題意。B選項“雄心壯志的”，C選項“進步的”，D選項“獨立的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“radicalfeminist”可以定位到第四段第一、二句Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.（激進的女權(quán)主義者在緊密團結(jié)中找到了力量。第一次她們認識了自己，她們可以探索自我，意識到她們的力量，把男人及其制度視為她們共同的敵人。），說明激進女權(quán)主義者對男性的看法是把他們視作共同的敵人。因此D選項“男性是她們共同的敵人。”正確。A選項“女性被男性剝削”，B選項“女性獨立于男性”，C選項“女性的生活被男性剝奪”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問題2選項

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問題3選項

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問題4選項

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問題5選項

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：英國人將什么進行了明確的區(qū)分？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（對英國人來說，食物的種類和供應(yīng)的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會聯(lián)系有關(guān)。）再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰一起吃。）由此可知，英國人對于供應(yīng)食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分，所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：哪些人不會在一起吃飯？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會，小家庭通常是不會一起吃飯的。）后面進行了舉例，男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（這種模式在近東社會中也很普遍。）由此可知，選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是：下面哪一個不是一起吃飯所表明的信息？根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到了社會關(guān)系，第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系，第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系，所以選項B、C、D均正確，只有選項A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本題選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么決定了人們怎么吃？根據(jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等級之間也有聯(lián)系，這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。）由此可知，印度的社會地位決定了人們怎么吃。所以選項D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費的方方面面。誰在一起吃飯定義了社會群體。）由此可知，本文主要是講食物和社會群體的關(guān)系，所以選項D正確。

5.單選題

Ifwefindthegenesthatcontrolthehumanbodyclock，wecanperhapsslowthemdownandextendhumanlife（）alittle.

問題1選項

A.expectation

B.terminal

C.expectancy

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項expectation“希望，期望”，B選項terminal“航空站，終點站”，C選項expectancy“期待，期望”，D選項range“范圍，變化”，句意：如果我們能找到控制人體生物鐘的基因，我們或許就能放慢它們的速度，并稍微延長人類的壽命。因此，D選項符合句意。

6.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項

A.quiteencouraging

B.fairlybright

C.veryimpressive

D.ratherbleak

問題2選項

A.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

問題3選項

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

C.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項

A.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

問題5選項

A.upset

B.uncertain

C.alarmed

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：作者所描繪的美國人的閱讀能力是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文第一段的首句Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我?guī)缀鯖]有必要列舉所有令人沮喪的人們的識字狀況）。由此可知，D選項“相當凄涼”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：作者最關(guān)心的是？根據(jù)原文第二段的首句Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔(dān)心的與其說是基本識字這個壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個更為奢侈的問題，即美國中產(chǎn)階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經(jīng)典閱讀行為息息相關(guān)），由此可知A選項“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)識字青少年最主要的一個問題是？根據(jù)原文第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認為，近80%有文化，受過良好教育的美國青少年，沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴就無法閱讀）以及thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而這種邊閱讀邊在背景干擾下進行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能），由此可知，B選項“他們?nèi)狈ψ⒁饬突纠斫饬Α狈项}意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：作者認為，讀者對一篇詩歌或散文表現(xiàn)贊賞的最好方式是？根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評價了，那就是把它記在心里），由此可知D選項“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是：關(guān)于閱讀藝術(shù)的未來，作者的感覺是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一句Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.（在這種情況下，閱讀藝術(shù)的未來是什么，這確實是一個大問題。）以及最后一句話Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.（在圖書界沒有人能自信地說他知道未來將會發(fā)生什么。）由此可推斷，作者認為閱讀藝術(shù)的未來充滿了不確定性，所以選項B正確。

7.單選題

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問題1選項

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問題2選項

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問題3選項

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問題4選項

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問題5選項

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問題6選項

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問題7選項

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問題8選項

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問題9選項

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問題10選項

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問題11選項

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問題12選項

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問題13選項

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問題14選項

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問題15選項

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問題16選項

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問題17選項

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問題18選項

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問題19選項

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問題20選項

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項incensed“激怒”；B選項personify“擬人化”；C選項interact“互相影響”；D選項predicted“預(yù)測”。句意：地球表面發(fā)生的全球平均溫度的變化在大小和時間上與模型預(yù)測的相似。本句表示模型預(yù)測了地球表面溫度的變化。因此D選項符合題意。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項array“排列”；B選項ascertain“確定”；C選項probe“調(diào)查”；D選項perturb“擾亂”。此處的意思是調(diào)查問題的原因。因此C選項符合題意。

3.考查上下文語義。A選項application“應(yīng)用”；B選項integration“集成”；C選項avenge“報仇”；D選項intervene“干涉”。此處的意思是運用更強大更復(fù)雜的方法來調(diào)查原因。因此A選項符合題意。

4.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項conforming“符合”；B選項comparing“比較”；C選項biding“忍耐”；D選項budgeting“編制預(yù)算”。句意：新的研究集中于比較溫度變化圖和溫度變化模式。本句表示將變化圖和變化模式兩者進行比較。因此B選項符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項junctions“接合點”；B選項junctures“接縫”；C選項obligations“義務(wù)”；D選項observations“觀察”。句意：觀察到的和模型中的溫度變化模式。本句表示觀察到的溫度變化和模型中的溫度變化兩方面。因此D選項符合題意。

6.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項optionally“隨意地”；B選項ornamentally“裝飾地”；C選項previously“以前”；D選項predicatively“肯定地”。此處是指之前提到過的。因此C選項符合題意。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項attribution“歸因”；B選項autonomy“自治”；C選項indication“指示”；D選項induction“歸納”。此處的意思是將觀測到的氣候變化歸因于一個或多個特定的原因。因此A選項符合題意。

8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項immune“免疫的”；B選項seasonal“季節(jié)的”；C選項formidable“強大的”；D選項perceptible“可感知的”。此處的意思是整個季節(jié)周期性的均勻變暖。因此B選項符合題意。

9.考查上下文語義。A選項analysis“分析”；B選項disposal“處理”；C選項antigen“抗原”；D選項disincentive“抑制因素”。此處的意思是空間和時間的變化模式提供了一種更強大的分析技術(shù)。因此A選項符合題意。

10考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項avenging“報仇”；B選項underestimating“低估”；C選