2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

一些澳大利亞土著（indigenousAustralian）抗議者周五連續(xù)第二日成為頭條新聞，他們聚集在澳大利亞議會外，并放火焚燒了國旗。此舉的前一天，憤怒的抗議者包圍了舉行午餐儀式的建筑，保安人員從一家堪培拉餐廳拖出了朱莉婭吉拉德（JuliaGillard）總理。原住民領袖批評這些人的行動，說他們危害了讓澳大利亞土著與更廣泛的社會協(xié)調的努力。澳大利亞廣播公司網(wǎng)站上的視頻顯示，在堪培拉議會外的抗議者圍成一圈，點燃了澳大利亞國旗，并高呼，“這里始終是也將永遠是原住民的土地。”

【答案】AgroupofindigenousAustralianprotestersmadeheadlinesforaseconddayonFriday,gatheringoutsidetheCountry’sparliamentandsettingthenationalflagonfire.ThemovecameadayafterPrimeMinisterJuliaGillardwasdraggedoutofaCanberrarestaurantbysecurityguardsafterangryprotesterssurroundedthebuildingwherethelunchwasbeingheld.Indigenousleadershavecriticizedtheiractions,sayingtheyundermineeffortstobringIndigenousAustraliansintoharmonywiththewidercommunity.VideoontheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationwebsiteshowedprotestersformingacircleoutsideparliamentinCanberra,settingfiretotheAustralianflagandchanting,“ThishasalwaysbeenandalwayswillbethelandoftheAborigines.”

2.單選題

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

問題1選項

A.isintendedtoreduce

B.intendstobereduced

C.intendsreducing

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】A

【解析】考查語態(tài)和固定搭配。intendtodosth.“打算做某事；盤算做某事；旨在做；籌劃做某事”，主語law“法律”和intend的關系是被動，被旨在做……；句意：這項法律旨在減少兒童下車時跑過馬路造成的事故數(shù)量。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

問題1選項

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

問題2選項

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

問題3選項

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

問題4選項

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一屆，最高法院在美國訴Halper案中一致制定了一項法律規(guī)則，該規(guī)則將破壞聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府執(zhí)行一系列重要監(jiān)管計劃的能力，包括環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征收）可知選A選項“執(zhí)行一系列重要的監(jiān)管計劃”；B選項“執(zhí)行所有重要的規(guī)管計劃”，C選項“執(zhí)行環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管、稅收征管等重要監(jiān)管方案”以及D選項“執(zhí)行除環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征管外的重要監(jiān)管計劃”都不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（這種可能造成的干擾是由于最高法院認識到，某些憲法保護以前被認為只適用于刑事被告，但有時也適用于民事被告，政府正試圖對被禁止的活動收取民事處罰）可知A選項“某些憲法保護以前被認為只適用于刑事被告，現(xiàn)在對民事被告也同樣適用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（雖然法院在Halper案中的裁決只側重于將雙重危險條款擴展到民事處罰程序，但其推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許將其他憲法保護適用于政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件。這些附加的憲法保護包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保障）可知B選項“推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許對政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件適用其他憲法保護”，C選項“第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保證對民事被告適用”以及D選項“法院的推理和裁決只集中于將雙重危險條款擴大到民事處罰程序”符合原文。因此A選項符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初轉向Halpe案中涉及的更狹義的雙重危險問題，法院對民事處罰程序的雙重危險保護的適用是法律上的一個顯著變化）可知選C選項“雙重危險保護在民事處罰程序中的適用”；A選項“縮小雙重危險問題”，B選項“忽視一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認雙重危險保護的案件”以及D選項“從一個更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一個顯著變化。因此C選項正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通過擴大雙重危險條款的范圍，布萊克門法官的意見忽視了一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認雙重危險保護的案件。然而，從更全面的角度來看，除了對雙重危險的認定外，法院的推理構成了對政府監(jiān)管項目造成破壞的核心）可知作者認為Halper案的處理方式導致了對政府監(jiān)管項目造成破壞的核心，可以推測作者對Halper案有負面感覺，選B選項“對Halper案有負面的感覺”；A選項“不同意”太過嚴重；C選項“完全支持”和D選項“喜歡”都不符合原文的表達。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Onlywhenchildrenmake___effortscantheybecomesuccessful.

問題1選項

A.arduous

B.adequate

C.affluent

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arduous“努力的；費力的；險峻的”；B選項adequate“充足的（能滿足需要的，不強調富余）；適當?shù)模粍偃蔚摹?；C選項affluent“富裕的；豐富的（有很多錢和良好的生活水平）；流暢的”；D選項abundant“豐富的；充裕的；盛產(chǎn)的（著重某物極為豐富有或大量的供應）”。句意：只有當孩子們做出足夠的努力，他們才能成功。本句表達“足夠的努力”，因此B選項正確。

5.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

It’sanotherbad-airdayinBeijing.Youcanbarelysee.Youcanbarelybreathe.Butyoucanfeel—andeventaste—thegritfloatingintheair.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhassethealthylevelofAirQualityIndexat25micrograms,whileBeijingconsidersa300readingas“Bad”and500as“Hazardous.”Lastweekend,however,itbreached700!“I’mgettingitchy,”complainedmydaughterMichelle,visitingusfromNewYork.“Icouldfeelitatthebackofmythroat.”

LongtimeexpatriateresidentsintheChinesecapitaljokinglycallitthe“Beijingtickle(癢癢)”,anaggingcoughthattakesalongtimetoshrugoff.

【答案】北京又是一個空氣不好的日子。你幾乎看不見。你幾乎不能呼吸。但你能感覺到——甚至嘗到——漂浮在空氣中的沙礫。世界衛(wèi)生組織將空氣質量指數(shù)的健康水平定為25微克，而北京認為300微克是“不好的”，500微克是“危險的”。然而，上周末，空氣質量指數(shù)突破了700微克！“我有點癢！”米歇爾來紐約時抱怨道，“我能感覺到它在我的喉嚨后面?！?/p>

在中國首都的長期外籍居民開玩笑地稱之為“北京癢癢”，需要很長時間才能擺脫的持續(xù)咳嗽。

6.單選題

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

問題1選項

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

問題2選項

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

問題3選項

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

問題4選項

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（這個測試“評估指稱性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解決這樣一種風險，即商標的提名使用會讓消費者誤以為說話者是由商標持有人贊助或支持的）可知C選項“處理消費者的錯誤信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素測試設計的目的；A選項“防止錯誤地認為使用是由商標持有人支持的”，B選項“解決指稱性使用混淆的可能性”以及D選項“解決指稱性使用的風險”是其測試涉及的目的。因此C選項正確。

88.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三個因素直接說明了這種混淆的風險，而其他因素則間接說明了這一點：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商標或比必要的商標“更多”，消費者可能會合理地推斷出贊助或支持）可知選B選項“一個公司可能使用比必要的更多的標志”；A選項“公司沒有必要使用商標”，C選項“公司使用不必要的商標”以及D選項“公司使用商標是必要的”不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

89.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一項商標禁令，特別是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能會引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmendment)的嚴重關切，因為它可能會干擾市場上買賣雙方的真實溝通）可知B選項“商標禁令可能干擾真實溝通”符合原文；A選項“第一修正案涉及言論自由”，C選項“商標禁令總是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D選項“買方和賣方在市場”無法從劃線句子部分推斷出，排除。因此B選項正確。

90.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.（相關市場是網(wǎng)絡市場，相關消費者是習慣在網(wǎng)上購物的合理謹慎的消費者；這類消費者在購買豪華車等昂貴產(chǎn)品時，可能會訪問Tabaris的網(wǎng)站。不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗的網(wǎng)上購物者并不必要）可知選B選項“不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗的網(wǎng)絡購物者”；A選項“相關的市場是在線市場”，C選項“習慣網(wǎng)上購物的謹慎消費者”以及D選項“可能訪問Tabaris網(wǎng)站的消費者”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

問題1選項

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

問題2選項

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

問題3選項

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

問題4選項

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點認為，司法審查是對某些法律對象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴格來說，這并不完全正確。）可知A選項“司法審查是對某些法律客體的審查”并不是作者認為法院在進行司法審查時，對審查的內容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法審查就是對這種行為的審查。行動需要參與者：行動需要主語。所以在司法審查把重點放在行動上，更不用說客體，應該從主體開始）可知D選項“司法審查以客體為中心，應以主體為起點”和原文不符，作者認為是以“行為”為中心，排除，以及C選項“動作需要主語”并不是在進行司法審查時，對審查的內容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同時可知B選項“司法審查是對行為的審查”符合題意，作者認為目前存在的困惑是司法審查應該先審查行為，而不是審查某些法律課題，但是傳統(tǒng)司法審查所做的內容與之相悖，所以產(chǎn)生了困惑。因此B選項符合題意。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子處Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（這些詞之間的語法關系可能就像這些詞本身一樣具有啟示意義。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“啟示意義”，選C選項“提供有用信息”；A選項“同樣重要”，B選項“告知相同的背景”以及D選項“語法關系”不符合原文的語境，排除。因此C選項正確。

61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干問：筆者認為，除了___之外，對違憲主體的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。結合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事實上，在無數(shù)雜亂無章的學說中，對違憲謂詞的困惑直接源于對主體更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（這種基本的混亂，就像法律中的大多數(shù)混亂一樣，源于對文本的關注不夠）可知是對于文本關注不夠，導致了對主體更基本的困惑。因此對于文字的困惑并不是對違憲主體的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了對違憲主體的困惑，則A選項“法令的文字”并不是對違憲主體的困惑所造成的；B選項“一個案件的事實是否已經(jīng)發(fā)展到足以做出有用的決定”，C選項“當事人提出法律要求的權利”以及D選項“是使整個合同無效還是僅僅使冒犯的文字無效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A選項符合題意。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（當然，單個單詞很重要，但同樣重要的是文本結構）可知作者認為同等的文本結構與詞語同等重要，選C選項“認為在司法審查中，同等的文本結構與詞語同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已經(jīng)過去兩個世紀了，人們對法院在進行司法審查時究竟在審查什么仍有很深的困惑。）無法推斷出A選項“認為馬布里訴麥迪遜案是美國第一個司法審查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點認為，司法審查是對某些法律對象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴格來說，這并不完全正確。）可知作者是認為傳統(tǒng)觀點并不正確，而不是不同意法院以前司法審查的做法，B選項“不同意法院以前司法審查的做法”排除；倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要關注這一重要的憲法特征，即憲法的主體，這些困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決）可知作者認為只要關注憲法的主體，聯(lián)邦聯(lián)邦管轄權的困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決，不能簡單地說D選項“認為聯(lián)邦管轄權的難題可以一勞永逸地解決”，太過片面，排除。因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Inherlovetheseais___symbol:tothenarratoritclearlyrepresentseverythingthatisdestructiveinnature,butatothertimesitseemstostandforeverythinginnaturethatisserenelybeautiful.

問題1選項

A.anenduring

B.anambiguous

C.acoherent

D.adiscrete

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項enduring“持久的；能忍受的”；B選項ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的；凝聚性的；互相耦合的；粘在一起的；共格的”；D選項discrete“離散的，不連續(xù)的”。句意：在她的愛中，海是一個___象征：對敘述者來說，它清楚地代表了自然界中所有破壞性的東西，但在其他時候，它似乎代表了自然界中所有寧靜美麗的東西。本句表達“海是一個不明確的象征”，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

問題1選項

A.hadtakecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格處要填入原型，排除A，B，C選項。句意：我寧愿有困難，也不愿被別人照顧。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

AngusGrahamisthepersonwhocanadviseyoubest.___,heiscomingheretomorrow.

問題1選項

A.Itistrue

B.Evenso

C.Ineffect

D.Asamatteroffact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項Itistrue“不是固定搭配，代入到句中會出現(xiàn)句意錯誤，排除”；B選項Evenso“雖然如此，即使如此”；C選項Ineffect“實際上；生效”；D選項Asamatteroffact“事實上”。句意：安格斯?格雷厄姆是給你最好建議的人。___，他明天要來這里。本句表達“事實上，他明天要來這里”，因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

問題1選項

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

問題2選項

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.C