2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)59

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thesubwaysandbusestendtobe___duringtherushhours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overcrowded

B.overwhelmed

C.overshadowed

D.overgrown

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overcrowded“過(guò)度擁擠的”；B選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被淹沒(méi)的；受寵若驚的，不知所措的”；C選項(xiàng)overshadowed“使失色；使蒙上陰影；遮陰；比……更顯眼”；D選項(xiàng)overgrown“蔓生的；生長(zhǎng)過(guò)快的”。句意：地鐵和公共汽車在高峰時(shí)間往往___。本句表達(dá)“在高峰期間過(guò)度擁擠”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

TheNo.1domestic___ofthegovernmentistocleanuptheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commission

B.committee

C.committence

D.commitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commission“委員會(huì)；傭金；服務(wù)費(fèi)；犯；委任；委任狀”；B選項(xiàng)committee“委員會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)committence“錯(cuò)誤單詞”；D選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；獻(xiàn)身；花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間、人力等”。句意：政府的首要國(guó)內(nèi)___是清理環(huán)境。本句表達(dá)“首要國(guó)內(nèi)承諾”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個(gè)社會(huì)化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng)，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個(gè)例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動(dòng)，但是檢察官?zèng)Q定不起訴他，第二個(gè)例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個(gè)封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官?zèng)Q定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實(shí)上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知第一段所舉的兩個(gè)例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項(xiàng)“檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬(wàn)的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項(xiàng)“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因?yàn)樗幌氪诒O(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個(gè)例子中的一個(gè)方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個(gè)例子的意圖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知作者在這里想表明的問(wèn)題是檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項(xiàng)“檢察官對(duì)被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個(gè)人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯(cuò)誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問(wèn)題，第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國(guó)檢察官辦公室里，一個(gè)流行的游戲是給一個(gè)名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級(jí)檢察官找出一個(gè)合理的罪名來(lái)起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強(qiáng)奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國(guó)法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個(gè)法學(xué)雷區(qū)）可知這個(gè)小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項(xiàng)“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項(xiàng)“在一些地方用來(lái)培訓(xùn)初級(jí)檢察官”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項(xiàng)“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對(duì)于美國(guó)該情況是十分擔(dān)心的，選C選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心”；A選項(xiàng)“滿意”，B選項(xiàng)“虧本”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convinced“說(shuō)服；使確信，使信服”；B選項(xiàng)anticipated“預(yù)料，預(yù)期；預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)計(jì)（并做準(zhǔn)備）”；C選項(xiàng)resolved“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；D選項(xiàng)assured“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”。句意：人們___，垂直飛行運(yùn)輸將像今天的飛機(jī)一樣運(yùn)載數(shù)百萬(wàn)乘客。本句表達(dá)“人們?cè)?jīng)預(yù)計(jì)”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ⅷ.Internationallaw

Legalconceptsofdomesticlawprofoundlyinfluencethewayhowoneapproachesandconceptualizesinternationallaw.JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.Thatissurelyright(althoughthetrendtowardsspecializationthaterodestheauthorityofgeneralistsmightalsoeventuallyexpungethememoryofthedomesticoriginsoftheinvisiblecollege).

Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.AconvenientpointofdepartureisthepropositionmadebyArnoldMcNairaslongagoasin1930,contrastingthevarietylegalformsemployedbythedomesticlegalorderwiththesparsenessofformbywhichinternationallawaddressedsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationships:Theinternallawsofthemodernstateprovideitsmemberswithavarietyoflegalinstrumentsfortheregulationoflifewithinthatcommunity:thecontract;theconveyanceorassignmentofimmovableormovableproperty,whichmaybemadeforvaluableconsiderationormaybeagiftoranexchange;thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform;thecharterorprivateActofParliamentcreatingacorporation;legislation,whichmaybeconstituent,suchasawrittenconstitution,fragmentaryorcomplete,ormaybedeclaratoryofexistinglaw,orcreatenewlaw,orcodifyexistinglawwithcomparativelyunimportantchanges.Further,thoughrarely,wemayfindaconstitutionaldocumentwhichcloselyresemblestheinternationaltreatyitself.

Ifthedebateisputinahistoricalperspective,itmaybesaidthattheappropriatenessofdomesticanalogieshasbeendebatedinslightlydifferingtermsbyeachsucceedinggenerationofinternationallawyers.Inthelate19thcentury,HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.

Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.

1.JamesCrawfordthinksthat___.

2.ArnoldMcNaircomparedlegalformsindomesticlawwiththoseofinternationallawin1930andfoundthat___.

3.HeinrichTriepelmadethedistinctionbetween___.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethatHerschLauterpachtandMcNair___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsinnationallegalsystemdecidestheinternationallegalsystem

B.influenceofnationallegalsystemsgetintoone’sthinkingaboutlaw

C.nationallawyerscandothingsbetter

D.internationallawismarinatedbynationallaw

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.forsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationshipsthereweremuchlessformsofinternationallaw

B.internationaltreatiesresemblethestructureemployedinthedomesticlaw

C.thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreaties

D.thegratuitouspromiseisclothedinaparticularform

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.treatiesandcontracts

B.internationallawyersanddomesticlawyers

C.contractualparties

D.differenttypesoftreaties

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.disagreedonthenatureofinternationallaw

B.bothmadeanalogiesofinternationallawtodomesticlaw

C.applieddifferentmethodologyinanalyzingtherelationbetweeninternationallawanddomesticlaw

D.haddifferentviewinpossibleanalogies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“JamesCrawford”定位到原文第一段JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.（詹姆斯?克勞福德曾指出，“我們對(duì)法律的思考被國(guó)家法律體系的影響所滲透、浸泡、浸透，以及它們執(zhí)行義務(wù)和維護(hù)權(quán)利的獨(dú)特方式，這種情況不能說(shuō)太多。我們首先都是國(guó)家律師”）可知選B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家法律制度的影響進(jìn)入人們對(duì)法律的思考”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“在本國(guó)法律體系中履行義務(wù)的獨(dú)特方式?jīng)Q定了國(guó)際法律體系”錯(cuò)誤，我們對(duì)法律的思考被它們執(zhí)行義務(wù)和維護(hù)權(quán)利的獨(dú)特方式所影響，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)在本國(guó)法律體系中履行義務(wù)的獨(dú)特方式能決定國(guó)際法律體系；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家律師可以做得更好”，D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法受國(guó)內(nèi)法的制約”未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段開(kāi)頭Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.（國(guó)內(nèi)法的觀點(diǎn)特別適用于國(guó)際條約，這些條約結(jié)合了協(xié)商一致的形式，表面上使人想起國(guó)內(nèi)合同法所采用的結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)質(zhì)上具有廣泛性，表面上超越了國(guó)內(nèi)法中合同法所處理的法律關(guān)系）可知B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際條約類似于國(guó)內(nèi)法所采用的結(jié)構(gòu)”，C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)法的觀點(diǎn)特別適用于國(guó)際條約”和原文相符；第一段thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform（無(wú)償?shù)某兄Z是以一種特殊的形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的）可知D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)償?shù)某兄Z是以一種特殊的形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的”符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“就實(shí)質(zhì)性可比的法律關(guān)系而言，國(guó)際法的形式要少得多”原文未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“HeinrichTriepel”定位到原文第三段HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.（海因里希?特里佩爾區(qū)分了類似于合同的條約，即所謂的合同當(dāng)事人追求對(duì)立利益的條約，以及類似于協(xié)議的立法條約，即合同當(dāng)事人追求共同利益的條約）可知選D選項(xiàng)“不同類型的條約”；A選項(xiàng)“條約和合同”，B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際律師和國(guó)內(nèi)律師”以及C選項(xiàng)“合同方”和原文不符合。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.定位到原文最后一段Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.（在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，HerschLauterpacht駁斥了這種區(qū)別的任何實(shí)際價(jià)值，并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)合同法與條約和特定條約制度的法律之間的類比進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)有力的論證。相反，麥克奈爾提出了一個(gè)同樣有力的論點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為可以從國(guó)內(nèi)法中進(jìn)行更廣泛的類比，并將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到公法上，特別是那些對(duì)依靠私法的價(jià)值表示懷疑的案例）可知選D選項(xiàng)“在可能的類比中有不同的觀點(diǎn)”；最后一段未提到他倆在國(guó)際法上有分歧，A選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)際法的性質(zhì)上有分歧”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“兩者都將國(guó)際法與國(guó)內(nèi)法進(jìn)行了類比”和原文不符合；C選項(xiàng)“在分析國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法之間的關(guān)系時(shí)采用了不同的方法”在最后一段未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開(kāi)頭OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能會(huì)接受國(guó)際法和國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)在導(dǎo)致美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事件中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但仍然認(rèn)為，最終，由于沒(méi)有令人信服的法律依據(jù)，這次入侵的事實(shí)使關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際規(guī)則約束國(guó)家行為的想法和安理會(huì)在協(xié)調(diào)集體安全方面發(fā)揮重要作用的想法不可信），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要在探討分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的合法性，選B選項(xiàng)“入侵伊拉克的合法性評(píng)估”；通讀全文可知，國(guó)際法只是文章中所提到的片面內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”不能概括全文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法對(duì)國(guó)家行為的約束力很小”和D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)和美國(guó)”不是文章主要探討的內(nèi)容，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一項(xiàng)確定全世界人民在入侵后態(tài)度的努力表明，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最大的傷亡之一是聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)反對(duì)和支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國(guó)家的人的信譽(yù)）可知伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最大受害者是聯(lián)合國(guó)的信譽(yù)，選C選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)的誠(chéng)信”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)”范圍過(guò)大，排除；B選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)和支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的各州的人”以及D選項(xiàng)“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時(shí)，從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事實(shí)中得出關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的）可知作者認(rèn)為關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的，即反對(duì)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，選B選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)布什政府發(fā)動(dòng)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“阻礙布什政府發(fā)動(dòng)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”錯(cuò)誤，作者只是反對(duì)，不是阻礙，C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有表達(dá)對(duì)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的贊成或反對(duì)意見(jiàn)”和D選項(xiàng)“在分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的合法性時(shí)采取中立立場(chǎng)”錯(cuò)誤，作者有明確的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時(shí)，從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克的事實(shí)中得出關(guān)于國(guó)際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會(huì)效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的）可知選D選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克就得出關(guān)于使用武力和安理會(huì)使用的國(guó)際法有效性的廣泛結(jié)論是錯(cuò)誤的”；A選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)那里得出關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際規(guī)則的作用或安理會(huì)的效用的籠統(tǒng)結(jié)論似乎是錯(cuò)誤的”，B選項(xiàng)“就關(guān)于使用武力或安全理事會(huì)效用的國(guó)際規(guī)則的作用得出籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論是錯(cuò)誤的”以及C選項(xiàng)“從美國(guó)入侵伊拉克就不能得出關(guān)于使用武力的國(guó)際法的作用的結(jié)論”都和原文表達(dá)的含義有偏差。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我們的英雄是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是為了知識(shí)而追求知識(shí)）可知父母會(huì)希望孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校接受實(shí)用教育，選C選項(xiàng)“未來(lái)職業(yè)的實(shí)踐能力”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)知識(shí)追求的信心”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（歷史學(xué)家兼教授理查德?霍夫施塔特在《美國(guó)生活中的反智主義》一書(shū)中寫(xiě)道：“知識(shí)分子被視為一種權(quán)力或特權(quán)而遭人憎恨。”這本曾獲普利策獎(jiǎng)的書(shū)探討了美國(guó)政治、宗教和教育中的反智主義的根源）可推測(cè)出歷史上美國(guó)人有反智主義，選A選項(xiàng)“低估智力”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“傾向于理智主義”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“支持學(xué)校改革”未提及；D選項(xiàng)“抑制天生的智力”屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段RichardHofstadter的觀點(diǎn)，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實(shí)用性、常識(shí)和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書(shū)本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)）可以推測(cè)反智主義的教育體現(xiàn)為“讀書(shū)無(wú)用論”；根據(jù)第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch說(shuō)：“學(xué)校一直處于一個(gè)實(shí)踐比知識(shí)更重要的社會(huì)中?！保㏑avitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新書(shū)《落后：一個(gè)世紀(jì)的失敗學(xué)校改革》追溯了學(xué)校中反智主義的根源，書(shū)中的結(jié)論是：美國(guó)學(xué)校絕沒(méi)有對(duì)美國(guó)人厭惡才學(xué)進(jìn)行抵制）可以推測(cè)出Ravitch并不屬于反智主義，她不認(rèn)為讀書(shū)無(wú)用，而是覺(jué)得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（學(xué)校可以成為一種平衡）；根據(jù)第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（愛(ài)默生和其他一些超自然主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和高強(qiáng)度的書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判斷出Emerson支持讀書(shū)無(wú)用論，即為反智主義。由此可知他倆的觀點(diǎn)相反；A選項(xiàng)“相同”；B選項(xiàng)“相似”；C選項(xiàng)“互補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)“相反”，其余三項(xiàng)和原文表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（愛(ài)默生和其他一些超自然主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和高強(qiáng)度的書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判斷出Emerson支持讀書(shū)無(wú)用論，即為反智主義，選B選項(xiàng)“理性主義的反對(duì)者”，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)支持智力的學(xué)者”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“教育改革的先驅(qū)”和D選項(xiàng)“常規(guī)學(xué)校教育的倡導(dǎo)者”和原文無(wú)關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方——而不是為了知識(shí)而追求知識(shí)）可以推斷出作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校只是送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是去為了知識(shí)而追求它的地方，側(cè)面表達(dá)了作者認(rèn)為知識(shí)是應(yīng)該需要去追求的，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根據(jù)霍夫施塔特的說(shuō)法，才學(xué)不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一種我們勉強(qiáng)欣賞的品質(zhì)。才學(xué)是頭腦中批判、創(chuàng)造和沉思的一面。智力尋求掌握、操縱、重新安排和調(diào)整，而才學(xué)則檢查、思考、創(chuàng)造奇跡、推理、批評(píng)和想象。）可知作者認(rèn)為智力是天生的，但是才學(xué)是可以通過(guò)檢查、思考、創(chuàng)造奇跡、推理、批評(píng)和想象這一系列所追求到，并沒(méi)有提到才學(xué)僅次于智力，選C選項(xiàng)“它需要被追求”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“它僅次于智力”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“它從常識(shí)演變而來(lái)”和D選項(xiàng)“它是力量的基礎(chǔ)”不符合原文，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putup“提供；建造；舉起；提高；推舉，提名；供給……住宿；直接行動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)stayedup“不睡覺(jué)，熬夜”；C選項(xiàng)savedup“儲(chǔ)蓄；貯存”；D選項(xiàng)usedup“用完，耗盡”。句意：恐怕我們的食物儲(chǔ)備不久就會(huì)___。本句表達(dá)“不久就會(huì)用完事物”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

___amountsofnoxiouswastesaredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近字辨析。A選項(xiàng)Appreciated“欣賞（appreciate的ed形式）；感激；使增值；鑒別”；B選項(xiàng)Apprec