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2004619日試Part ReadingComprehension(35Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingAisforalwaysgettingtoworkonBisforbeingextremelyCisfortheconscientious勤勤懇懇的wayyoudoyourYoumaybeallthesethingsattheoffice,andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead,expertssay,theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP,forpolitics,asinofficepolitics.DaleCarnegiesuggestedasmuorethan50yearsago:Hardworkalonedoesn'tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas,bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet,despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics—abetterjob,araise,praise—manypeoplearestillunable—orunwilling—to"playthegame.""Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative(工于的)behavior,"DeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity."Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword'polite'.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventryingtopleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn."Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone'sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformOfSocializingwithintheofficeenvironment—notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell."Thethingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,'"saysNeilPLewis,amanagementpsychologist.“Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotetheheorshelikesbest.It'ssimplehumanYet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery(奉承),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsome"Officepolitics"(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetorefer thecodeofbehaviorforcompanythepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficethe thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulTogetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetent givehisbossagood B)honestandloyaltohisC)getalongwellwithhis D)avoidbeingtooWhyaremanypeopleunwillingto"playthegame"(Line4,Para.Theybelieve ngsoisTheyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisTheyarenotgoodatmanipulatingTheythinktheeffortwillgetthemTheauthorconsidersofficepoliticsto eatthebadforinteralindispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyanimportantfactorforalItistheauthor'sview speakingupforoneselfispartofhumanself-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanhardworkcontributesverylittletoone'smanyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofPassageQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingAssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowning“TheConstitution,”saidtheassociation’sspokesman,“giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn’tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.”"Don'tyouthinkit'sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildren"TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse()separayinadrawer.""SomepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillThespokesmansaid,"Hydrogenbombsdon'tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they'regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.""ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizenthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinetwiththefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者).""Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.SowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjustAccordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoas blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthecoordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveinstructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeatpromotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedSomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegrounds thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinamostpeopledon'tknowhowtohandlethepeople'sliveswillbethreatenedbythetheymayfallintothehandsofBysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthat willfrightenawayanypossiblecanshowthespecialstatusofitswillthreatenthesafetyoftheownersascankillthoseenteringothers'housesbyAccordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivileged poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseofthethewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensesthecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalFromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthor doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeeH-bombsathomeforunhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearPassageQuesti0ns21to25arebasedonthefollowingSignhas eascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld'sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eaovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混雜英語(yǔ)).ButStokoebelievedthe"handtalk"hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactually:haveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas"substandard".Stokoe'sideawasacademicheresy().Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—-nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingmaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation調(diào)節(jié))ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspaceWhatIsaid,"Stokoeexplains,isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it'sbrainstuff."Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughtto anewwaytolookatthelearningofachallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureofanapproach:tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofaanattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginofThe,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulated afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanaleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalanEnglishteacherinauniversityfortheSomeseniorexpertsinAmericanSignAccordingtoStokoe,signlanguage aSubstandard C)anartificialagenuine D)aninternationalMosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'sideabecausethey signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafsignlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyalanguageshouldbeeasytouseandalanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechStokoe'sargumentisbasedonhisbelief signlanguageisasefficientasanyothersignlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguageisasystemofmeaningfullanguageisaproductofthePassageQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madeatriptoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross'snforatotalbanonallanti- nellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola,evisionscreensaroundtheWorldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomfortingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines."Iknewthestatistics,"shesaid."Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;likeWhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeoplelikeher."ThePrincessconcluded,withasimplemessage:"Wemuststoplandmines".Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.But,backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishernment,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.Angrypoliticianslaunchedan,attackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedheras"veryill-informed"anda"loosecannon(亂放的ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidethecriticismsThisisadistraction干擾wenotneed.AllI'mtryingtosOppositionparties,themediaandthePublicimmediayvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworsefortheernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess'striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishernment'spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentfortheernment.Totryandlimitthedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkind,claimedthatthePrincess'sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromernmentpolicy,andthatitwas"workingtowards"aworldwideban.TheDefenceSecretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwas"amisinterpretationormisunderstanding."ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.ShesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenhertheChancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoftoclarifythe ernment'sstandontoinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimstoestablishherimageasafriendoflandmineWhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid"...puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome"(Line5,Para.1)?Shejustcouldn'tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoTheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackMeetingthelandminevictims madeherbelievetheSeeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessoftheSomemembersofthe ernmentcriticizedDiana shewasill-informedoftheernment'stheywereactuallyopposedtobanningshehadnotconsultedtheernmentbeforethetheybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinHowdidDianarespondtotheShepaidnoattentiontoShemademoreappearancesonShemetthe13-year-oldgirlasSherosetoarguewithherWhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoIthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishIthadbroughtherclosertotheordinaryIthadgreatlypromotedherIthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishPart Directions:Thereare30 pletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletestheThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Iwentalongthinkingof ,onlylookingatthingsaroundin C)inin D)inCriticsbelievethatthecontrolof evisionbymassadvertisinghas thequalityofthe C) D)Imustcongratulate theexcellentdesignofthenew C) D)Thereisa healthcenteronthegroundfloorofthemainoffice C) D)Formorethan20years,we'vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat kindergartenstocolleges. C) D) atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybear C) D)Thetestresultsare ;theyhavebeenrepeatedinlabsalloverthe C) D)disputeIwas intoday'shistorylesson.Ididn'tunderstanda C) D) youtoatleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuy C) D)Desertsandhighmountainshavealwaysbeena tothemovementofpeoplefromplacetoplace. C) D)Inordertomakethingsconvenientforthepeople,thedepartmentisplanningtosetupsomeshopsintheresidentialarea. C) D)Mr.Smithsays:"Themediaareverygood singamoodand C) D)Thisisnotaneconomicalwaytogetmore ,itisveryontheother C)inonthe D)orItwas timethatsuch hadtobetakenataBritishnuclearpower C) D)thathewasn'thappywiththearrangements,Itriedtobookadifferent C) D) ofthecompanyhasdecidedtoclothingbusiness.
itsoperationstoincludeallaspectsof C) D)Hisbusinesswasverysuccessful,butitwasat ofhis.family C) D)publishedin1927,thechartsremain C)in D)Joeisnotgoodatsports,butwhen mathematics,heisthe'bestinthecomes C)comesoncomesup D)comesaroundDoctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoas for C) D)Whencarbonisaddedtoironin theresultis C) D)Youshouldtry yourambitionandbemore C) D)Nancyisonlyasort ofherhusband'sopinionandhasnoideasofher C) D)Nowthatspringishere,you thesefurcoatstillyouneedthemagainnextput C)putput D)putThereis ofimpatienceinthetoneofhis C) D) dictionarieswhenyouarenotsureofwordspellingor C) D)Atyesterday'sparty,Elizabeth'sboyfriendamusedus Chaplin. C) D)Shekeepsasupplyofcandlesinthehouseincaseof C) D)Thegroupoftechniciansareengagedinastudy allaspectsofurban C) D)Thelecturewhichlastedaboutthreehourswasso thattheaudiencecouldn'thelp C) D)Part Cloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepr.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.HistorianstendtolthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It'stheone61theteacherstandingintheschoolroomdoor62goodbyetostudentsforthesummerandcalling63them,"Bytheway,wewonWorldWarII."Theproblemwiththejoke,ofcourse,isthatit's64funny.Therecentsurveys65illiteracy(無(wú)知)arebeginningtonumb(令人):nearlyonethirdofAmerican17-year-oldscannoteven66whichcountriestheUnitedStates67againstinthatwar.Onethirdhaveno68whentheDeclarationofIndependencewas69.OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.Twothirdscannotcorrectly70theCivilWarbetween1850and1900.71whentheygettheanswersright,someare72guessing.Unlikemathorscience,ig
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