新時(shí)代交互英語4unit2課件

Book4--Unit1UnitTwoCareerDevelopmentPlanningBook4–Unit2LearningPhasesPursueyourdream!PhaseI BeforeClassPhaseII InClassPhaseIIIFurtherexercisesBook4–Unit2BeforeClass1.Learningobjectives2.Backgroundinformation3.Languagestudy5.SentencestructureBook4--Unit1LearningobjectivesInthisunit,youwilllearnhowto:recognizecommonwordpartsorganizeanarticleon“CareerDevelopmentPlanning”describetablesmakeuseofamplificationintranslationfromotherthreeaspects.researchthejobmarketinordertopredictthebestcareersforthefuture.talkabout“儒家思想”inEnglishWarming-upLet’splayaGAME.Hereisalistofthenamesofsomeoccupations.Onestudentinyourgroupstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom,facingthewholeclass,andtherestofthegroupmemberstrytodescribetheoccupationinEnglishwithoutmentioningtheword.Thegroupthatgetsthemostwordscorrectlywins.GameWhatskillsandqualitiesdoesoneneedtopossesstosucceedinone’sjob?Warming-uWarming-upQuestionaftergame

readingandwriting listeningandspeaking operatingcomputers interpersonalskills beingabletolearnnewthingsskills

Warming-upBook4–Unit2BackgroundInformationCareerdevelopmentisacomplexprocessinwhichweacquiretheknowledge，skills，andattitudesnecessarytomakeworkameaningful,productive，andsatisfyingpartoflife．Thecareerdevelopmentprocessrequiressuchplannedactivitiesascareerawareness，exploration，decision-making，andeducationalplanning．Theseactivitiesenableustoexplore，toanalyzeoptions，tounderstandourowninterestsandabilities．toselecteducationalpreparationfor，gainentryto，andtosucceedincareerchoicesthroughoutlife．(1)CareerDevelopmentPlanningBook4–Unit2

TheCareerPlanningprocessconsistsofthefollowingthreephases：

Self-assessmentThisphrasecanhelpusdecidewhatcareerpathtofollowandhowtofollowthatpathusingourskills．ItcananswersuchquestionsasWhatdoIlikedoing?AndWhataremyskillsandabilities?BackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2ExplorationofworkchoicesThisphasecananswersuchquestionsasHowdoIgetfrommypresentworksituationtowhereIwanttobeininfiveyears?

Whatoptionsareavailableformetogaintrainingand/orexperience?IdentificationofapossiblecareerThisphasecananswersuchquestionsasHowdoIknowwhatdirectionIwantmycareertotake?HowdoIimplementmycareerchoice?BackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2Henamedthismixturedynamite(炸藥)，andreceivedapatentin1867.Hesetupfactoriesaroundtheworldtomanufacturedynamiteandotherexplosives.Salesofdynamitebroughthimgreatwealth.Heendoweda$9millionfundinhiswill．

Accordingtohisdesire,theinterestonthisendowmentwastobeusedtoofferaprize“tothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbenefittomankind.”Hewantedtorewardhumaningenuitywiththeprofitfromhisinvention.Firstawardedin1901,theNobelPrizeisstillthemosthonoredintheworld.(2)AlfredB.NobelBackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2LanguageforReferenceTheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences瑞典皇家科學(xué)院（負(fù)責(zé)評(píng)定諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)和諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，也評(píng)定于1969年增設(shè)的諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。TheCarolineInstituteofStockholm瑞典皇家卡羅林醫(yī)學(xué)院(負(fù)責(zé)評(píng)定諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng))TheSwedishAcademy瑞典文學(xué)院(負(fù)責(zé)評(píng)定諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng))TheNorwegianparliament挪威議會(huì)(負(fù)責(zé)評(píng)定諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng))aNobelPrizeinPhysics諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)(1901年12月10日首次頒發(fā)，德國(guó)科學(xué)家倫琴[Roentgen]因發(fā)現(xiàn)X射線獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。)Book4–Unit2aNobelPeacePrize諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)(1901年12月10日首次頒發(fā)，瑞士人桂南JeanH·Dunant]因創(chuàng)立國(guó)際紅十字會(huì)、法國(guó)人帕西因創(chuàng)立國(guó)際和平聯(lián)盟和各國(guó)議會(huì)聯(lián)盟而共同獲得第一屆諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。與其他4個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不同，和平獎(jiǎng)的頒發(fā)地點(diǎn)不在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩，而在挪威首都奧斯陸。和平獎(jiǎng)得主既可以是個(gè)人,也可以是機(jī)構(gòu)。TheNobelPrizeinEconomics/NobelEconomicsPrize諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)(1969年首次頒發(fā)，挪威人拉格納·弗里希[RagnarFrisch]和荷蘭人簡(jiǎn)·丁伯根[JanTinbergen]因發(fā)展了動(dòng)態(tài)模型來分析經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)程而共同獲得第一屆諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。前者是經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量學(xué)的莫基人，后者是經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量學(xué)模式建造者之父。LanguageforReferenceBook4–Unit2Reading1So-SoStudent,NobelPrizeWinnerInclassBook4–Unit2Paraphrase：ParticlephysicistLeonM．Ledermanstillremembersthathehadnotanygiftfordealingwiththingswithhishands．LanguageStudyAsparticlephysicistLeonM．Ledermanstillremembersthathehadnotanygiftfordealingwiththingswithhishands．

(Para．1)Book4–Unit2asconj．

1)usedtosaythatwhatyouaresayingisalreadyknownorhasbeenstatedbeforeAsIexplainedonthephone，yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting．

AsNapoleononcesaid，attackisthebestmethodofdefense．LanguageStudy

2)inthewaythatsomeonesaysorthatsomethinghappens，orintheconditionsomethingisin

We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive．

Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．3)whileorwhenHedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．

Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．

Astimepassed,thingsseemedtogetworse.Justasthetwomenwereleaving，amessagearrived．Book4–Unit2LanguageStudyItwasthesefriendships，morethananyconceptualfascination

thatkepthisinterestinsciencealive．(Para．5)Paraphrase：Thesefriendshipsbetweenhimandhisclassmatesarethestrongerdrivestokeephisinterestsinsciencethanthescienceitself．Thiscleftsentenceisanemphaticstructurewithnon-referringitasformalsubject．Itiscommonlyusedtospotlightalmostanyelementofthestatement，whiletheclauseinitshouldbeintroducedonlybythat/who．

Itwasnotuntilthe18thcenturythatmanrealizedthatthewholeofthebrainwasinvolvedintheworkingsofthemind.Itwasthegovernmentthathasrescuedthefirmfrombankruptcybygivingthemagrant．Book4–Unit2LanguageStudy1.

more

than后面跟名詞，意為“不只是，不僅僅是”。例如：

（1）Hibernation

is

more

than

sleep.

冬眠不只是睡覺。

（2)Kate

was

more

than

a

teacher.

She

also

did

what

she

could

to

take

care

of

her

pupils.

凱特不僅僅是位教師，她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。2.

more

than與數(shù)詞連用，意思是“多于，大于，超過”。例如：

（1）I

have

known

him

for

more

than

twenty

years.

我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過二十年了。

（2)More

than

ten

policemen

turned

up

at

the

spot

where

the

accident

happened.

十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。

3.

more

than與形容詞和分詞連用，表示“非常、十分”。例如：

（1）They

were

more

than

happy

to

see

us

come

back

from

the

expedition.

看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸，他們異常高興。

（2）I

was

more

than

surprised

to

see

the

lion

standing

at

the

body.

看到那頭獅子站在尸體旁邊，我非常驚訝。

Morethan的用法Book4–Unit2LanguageStudy6.

no

more

than意思是“僅僅，不過，只是”。例如：

（1）All

his

education

added

up

to

no

more

than

one

year.

他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。

（2）Their

new

flat

has

no

more

than

60

square

metres.

他們的新居只有60平方米。7.

not

more

than表示“至多，不超過”，例如：

Lying

on

the

ground

was

a

peasant

boy

of

not

more

than

seventeen.

躺在地上的那個(gè)農(nóng)家男孩最多十七歲。Morethan的用法Book4–Unit2LanguageStudyNaturallyatsomepointyou’vegottoliftyourheadup.(Para.11)Paraphrase：It’snaturalthatyoushouldencourageyourselfsometimes．scientistqualitiesPara.11dedication

Para.15-16sociabilityPara.12-14imaginationTextstructurePart3(Paras.10-16)Whatarethequalitiesthatmakeascientist?Part4(Para.17)ScientificdiscoveryisthrillingandprofoundforLeon.Book4--Unit1CriticalthinkingAsLeontellsit,therearesomequalitiesthatmakeascientist,butwhatotherqualitiesdoyouthinkarealsonecessaryforbecomingascientist?Haveyoueverplannedyourfuturecareerdevelopmentseriously?Whyorwhynot?Whatfactorsdoyouthinkalwaysinfluenceone'schoiceaboutthecareer?Asfarasyouknow,arethereanydifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternersinthisaspect?Book4--Unit1RevisionGivetheEnglishexpressionforthefollowingChinese.天生笨手笨腳benotnaturallygoodatone’shands驅(qū)使spursb.on與某人合作關(guān)于…的書abookco-authoredbysb.

about…頭版文章afrontarticle閑晃hangaround虛度光陰foolaroundBook4--Unit1Revision建立自信developself-confidence資格考試qualifyingexams說了聽不懂的話saysth.incomprehensible密切注意watchoutfor客座教授avisitingprofessor對(duì)…有天賦aninnategiftforsth.振作liftsb’sheadup自動(dòng)販賣機(jī)thecoinmachineBook4--Unit1Revision擁有非凡的見識(shí)betremendouslyinsightful優(yōu)異的學(xué)生asuperstudent一種不同尋常的思維選擇thepreferenceforthinkingunconventionally視…為一體identifywith相關(guān)領(lǐng)域thecontiguousfieldBook4--Unit1FurtherExercises

Book4--Unit1FurtherExercisesWatchthevideoaboutchildlaboranddothefollowingexercise:Watchthevideoandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.1)NeilsaidthatintheU.K.peoplecouldonlyseecrepesonceayearonPancakeDayandthereisonlyonetypeservedwith_______.A)hamB)cheeseC)chocolateD)lemonandsugar2)What’stheboy’svisionfortheircrepesbusiness?A)Torunthebestflagshipstore.B)Toopenthenationwidechainofcustomers.C)Toofferthemostcreativecrepestocustomers.D)TobethemarketleaderofthecrepesbusinessintheU.K..√√Book4--Unit1FurtherExercisesII.Watchthevideoanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourclassmates.1)WhyhaveNeilandJohnpickedHeadingly,theLeedssuburbtolaunchtheirflagshipstore?2)HowdidNeilandJohnobtaintheirstart-upcapital?III.Makeasummaryofthevideo.Book4–Unit2Reading2TheHopelandFurtherExercisesBook4--Unit1Backgroundinformation1.AmericanDreamIn1848,JamesW.MarshallfoundgoldinCaliforniaandpeoplebeganhavinggoldendreams.That19thcentury“AmericanDream”motivatedtheGoldrushprospectorsbutalsowavesofimmigrantsthroughoutthatcenturyandthenext.PeoplefromEurope,andalargenumberofChinese,arrivedintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturyhopingthatinAmericantheywouldfindgoldinthestreets.Butmost,instead,workedasrailroadlaborers.TheycreatedtheoldestChinatowninSanFrancisco,andgavethecityaChinesename“theoldgoldhill”.Inthe20thcentury,somecriticsarguedthatitwasnolongerpossibletobecomeprosperousthroughdeterminationandhardwork.UnfaireducationforstudentsfrompoorfamiliesandracialdiscriminationalmostmadetheAmericanDreamanightmare.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation1.AmericanDream(continued)Then,inthe1990s,CaliforniasawanewwaveofdreamersinSiliconvalley.PeoplepouredtheirenergyintotheInternet.ThisnewchapteroftheAmericanDreamattractedmanybusinessmenandyoungtalentsfromChinaandIndiatoformstart-upsandseekfortunesinAmerica.Betterpay,anicehouse,andarisingstandardoflivingwillalwaysbeattractive.However,thenewAmericanDreamisnolongerjustaboutmoney.ItencouragesAmericanstoconsumerationallytoprotecttheenvironment,enhancethequalityoflife,andpromotesocialjustice.TheGovernorofCalifornia,ArnoldSchwarzenegger,hasbecomethemodelofthenewAmericanDream.Afteryearsofhardwork,hegrewfromapooryoungmanfromAustriaintoamoviesuperstarandthengovernor.ManypeoplehopehisstorycansavetheAmericanDream.HowdoesoneachievetheAmericanDream?Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardworkHowdoesoneachievetheAmericanDream?Traditionally,AmericanshavesoughttorealizetheAmericanDreamofsuccess,fameandwealththroughthriftandhardwork.DuringtheColonialPeriod,BenjaminFranklincounseledpeopleonthe“TheWaytoWealth”.PoorRichard’sAlmanacadvisedthat“Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”Thekeytowealthwasindustry:“Industrypaysdebts,”insistedPoorRichard.AmericansoftheEarlyRepublicexpandedFranklin'snotionofindustryintoalaborideology.Formanythegoalwasnotextravagantwealth,but,rather,economicindependenceandtheopportunityforsocialadvancementthroughfinancialgain.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardwork(continued)InthemidstofindustrializationfollowingtheCivilWar,manyAmericansexperienceprofoundhardshipinthechangingeconomiclandscape.TheyfoundsolaceinthetalesofHoratioAlger,whosecharactersovercameadversitythroughindustry,perseverance,self-reliance,andself-discipline.Theubiquitous“ragstoriches”legendbecameacornerstoneofAmericansociety;anyonecouldsucceedandachievewealthiftheyworkedhard.ThecommitmenttoindustryillustratedbyAlger'scharacters,Lincoln’sidealsoffreelabor,andFranklin'spracticalmaximswerefurthersolidifiedintheAmericanmindbytheadditionofareligiouslybased,Protestant“workethic.”manybelievedthathardworkallowedonetonotonlyachievefinancialsuccess,but,throughthatsuccessrevealedGod’sgrace.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardwork(continued)However,theindustrializationofthe19thand20thcenturiesbegantoerodethedream,replacingitwithaphilosophyof“getrichquick.”Avarietyofseductivebutelusivestrategieshaveevolved,andtodaythetreeleadingwaystoinstantwealtharelarge-prizetelevisiongameshows,big-jackpotstatelotteriesandcompensationlawsuits.Duetothesestrategies,someAmericansarepersuadedtoseektheseeasywaystotheirdream.Inthiscase,thetraditionalmeansofachievingfinancialsuccess,throughindustry,hasbeeneliminated,which,tosomeextent,explainswhytheAmericanDreamhasbecomeanissueofdiscussion.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericansAsianshavebeenintheUnitedStatesforalongtime.ThehistoryofAsiansinAmericaisthehistoryofdreams,hardwork,prejudice,discrimination,persistence,andtriumph.Asmanysocialscientistshavenoted,therearetwoprimarystereotypesthatcontinuetoaffectAsianAmericans.OneisthatallAsianAmericansarethesame.Thatis,manypeopleareeitherunableorunwillingtodistinguishbetweendifferentAsianethnicities–aKoreanAmericanfromaJapaneseAmerican,aFilipinoAmericanfromanIndonesianAmerican,etc.ThisbecomesaproblemwhenpeoplegeneralizecertainbeliefsorstereotypesaboutoneorafewAsianAmericanstotheentireAsianAmericanpopulation.TheresultisthatimportantdifferencesbetweenAsianethnicgroupsareminimizedorignoredaltogether,sometimesleadingadisastrousresults.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericans(continued)ThesecondstereotypesisthatallAsianAmericansareforeigners.AlthoughmorethanhalfofallAsiansintheUnitedStateswerebornoutsidetheUnitedStates,manynon-AsianssimplyassumethateveryAsiantheysee,meet,orhearaboutisaforeigner.Manycan’trecognizethatmanyAsianAmericanfamilieshavebeenUScitizensforseveralgenerations.Asaresult,becauseallAsianAmericansareperceivedasforeigners,itbecomeseasiertothinkofthemasnotfullyAmericansandthentodenythemthesamerightsthatotherAmericanstakefoegranted.Yes,thatmeansprejudiceanddiscriminationinitsmanyforms.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericans(continued)However,eveninthefaceofthishostileclimate,AsianAmericansfoughtfornotonlytheirrights,butalsofortheirdignityandself-respect.Theyconsistentlychallengedtheirunequaltreatmentandunjustlawsdirectedatthembyfightingthousandsoflawsuitsatthelocal,stateandfederallevels.Eventhoughmanyoftheireffortswouldbeinvain,theactionsdemonstratedthataboveallelse,theyaspiredtobecomeAmericansandbetreatedjustlikeanyotherAmericans.Ratherthanacceptingthedemeaningstereotypeofthemasperpetualforeigners,AsianAmericansshowthattheyareeagertoassimilateintoAmericansocietyandcontributetoitsculture,growthandprosperity.Book4--Unit1ReadingexercisesPrediction:what“thehopeland”inthestoryrefersto,whatthestorywillbeabout,andwhatwillhappen.Fastreadingscanning(2m)

a.scanforthephrasesexpressingthepassageoftime(1m)b.scanforconjunctions(1m)skimming(10m)

a.skimthefirstandlastparagraphsoastogetageneralideaofthepassageb.skimthetopicsentencesofeachparagraphBook4--Unit1Readingexercises3.Readthepassageasawholeandtimeyourreading.

Startingtime:___________Finishingtime:___________Yourreadingspeed=670words/readingtime4.Comprehensionofthetext

Exercise1onPage.38Book4--Unit1WritingHowtoDescribeTables

常見模板

寫作要領(lǐng)Book4--Unit1TranslationAmplificationinTranslation1.LexicalAmplification（從詞匯上考慮的增詞）2.SyntacticalAmplification（從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞）3.

CulturalAmplification（從文化上考慮的增詞）4.RhetoricalAmplification（從修辭上考慮）LexicalAmplification

（從詞匯上考慮的增詞）增加動(dòng)詞增加名詞增加概括詞增加副詞增加量詞增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞

增加動(dòng)詞1)Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后的公報(bào)。LexicalAmplification2)Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers,onherlips,growinginherbreast.譯文一：她覺得手里和唇上都是花兒，胸中也生長(zhǎng)著花兒。譯文二：她覺得她好像手里拿著花，嘴里吻著花，連胸中也生出了花。a.

在抽象名詞后面增加名詞1）Wehavemadesomeachievements,andwemustguardagainstcomplacency.

我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┏煽?jī)，但還要防止自滿情緒。2）Oxidationwillmakeironandsteelrusty.

氧化作用會(huì)使鋼鐵生銹。b.在具體名詞后面增加名詞1)Inthefuture,automationmayenablehumanbeingstoenjoyfarmoreleisurethantheydotoday.

將來自動(dòng)化可能使人類享受到比今天更多的空閑時(shí)間。LexicalAmplification增加名詞c.在形容詞前面增加名詞①Thisnewtypeofcomputerisindeedcheapandfine.

這部新型電腦真是價(jià)廉物美。② Heisacomplicatedmanmoody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.

他是一個(gè)性格復(fù)雜的人——喜怒無常，反復(fù)多變，有些憂郁寡歡。LexicalAmplificationd.在不及物動(dòng)詞后面增加名詞

英語中的某些動(dòng)詞在用作不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，雖然后面并沒有帶賓語，但賓語實(shí)際上是隱含在動(dòng)詞后面的。所以在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，往往要把隱含的賓語翻譯出來。

Dayafterdayhecametohiswork—sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.

他每天來干活——掃地、擦地板、收拾房間。

IcouldknitwhenIwasseven.

我7歲時(shí)就會(huì)織毛衣。LexicalAmplification

增加概括詞概括詞是英漢兩種語言所共有的，但有時(shí)英語句子中并沒有出現(xiàn)概括詞，而翻譯的時(shí)候卻往往可以加入“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種”等概括詞，同時(shí)省略掉英語中的連接詞。LexicalAmplification

Likemostwildlife，deerreproduce，grow

andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.與大多數(shù)野生動(dòng)物一樣，鹿在營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、食物充足的夏秋兩季，繁殖、生長(zhǎng)儲(chǔ)存脂肪。Theadvantagesofthehallarebright,spacious,fashionableandwithoutecho.這個(gè)大廳有四大優(yōu)點(diǎn)：寬敞、明亮、樣式新穎、沒有回聲。Theytalkedaboutwage,priceandinflation.他們談及工資、物價(jià)、通貨膨脹等問題LexicalAmplification

增加副詞有些動(dòng)詞根據(jù)原文的上下文可以增加適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，以確切表示原意。Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒完。Thecrowdsmeltedaway.

人群漸漸地散開了。LexicalAmplification

增加量詞

英語中數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞往往可以直接連用，不用加量詞。而漢語往往要加入量詞。Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.

一輪紅日從平靜的海面冉冉升起。Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.

一彎新月漸漸隱沒在朦朧的云層里去了。LexicalAmplification

增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞a.增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù)

Flowersbloomallovertheyard.

朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。Therewererowsofhouseswhichhehadneverseenbefore.一排排的房子，都是他從來沒有見過的LexicalAmplificationb.增加數(shù)詞或其它詞表示復(fù)數(shù)1)Thelionisthekingofanimals.

獅子是百獸之王。2)Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山開始向山谷投下一道道蔚藍(lán)色的長(zhǎng)影LexicalAmplification

增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞a．強(qiáng)調(diào)某種時(shí)間概念Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.原來，是那位老人已經(jīng)教會(huì)了孩子捕魚，所以孩子很愛他。IhadneverthoughtI’dbehappytofindmyselfconsideredunimportant.ButthistimeIwas.

以前我從未想過，當(dāng)我發(fā)覺人們認(rèn)為我無足輕重時(shí)，我會(huì)感到高興。但這次情況的確如此。LexicalAmplificationb.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的對(duì)比Itwassaidthathisfatherwasafisherman.Maybehewasaspoorasweare.聽說，從前他爸爸是個(gè)打魚的。他過去也許跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。Iwas,andremain,gratefulforthepartheplayedinmyrelease.我的獲釋也有他的功勞。對(duì)此我過去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。LexicalAmplification增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分增補(bǔ)原文回答句中的省略部分增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語SyntacticalAmplification(從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞)

增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能，能也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢過度即成愚勇，感情過度即成溺愛，節(jié)儉過度即成貪婪。Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.(FrancisBacon)讀書足以怡情，足以博采，足以長(zhǎng)才SyntacticalAmplification增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分Thisistrueofnationsasitisofindividuals.國(guó)家是這樣，個(gè)人也是這樣。Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.從別人的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)更好。SyntacticalAmplification增補(bǔ)原文回答句中的省略部Isthisyourwallet?Yes,itis.

這是你的錢包嗎？是我的。Don’tyouwantMr.Smithtobeyourtutor?Yes,ofcourseIdo.

你不想讓史密斯先生當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)師嗎？我當(dāng)然想。SyntacticalAmplification

增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語Thestrongestmancannotalterthelawofnature.即使是最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則Iaminchargeofthedepot,onlyI.Peoplewillholdmeresponsiblebutnotyou.只有我一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)管理這個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，出了事情別人找我，找不到你。

Supposethepreparatoryworkshouldnotbecompleted.準(zhǔn)備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？SyntacticalAmplification增加比喻的喻意增加背景信息CulturalAmplification(從文化上考慮的增詞)

增加比喻的喻意Everyfamilyissaidtohaveatleastoneskeletoninthecupboard.俗話說，衣柜里面藏骷髏，見不得人的事家家有。

Adviceandcorrectionrolloffhimlikewateroffaduck’sback.勸導(dǎo)對(duì)他好像水過鴨背似的不起作用。CulturalAmplification增加背景信息TheUnitedStateshasnowsetupalonelinessindustry.美國(guó)現(xiàn)在已建立了一種為孤獨(dú)的人們服務(wù)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目。Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.那個(gè)金發(fā)小男孩立刻在胸前劃十字，祈求上帝保佑。CulturalAmplification漢語中的語氣助詞很多，如“的”“吧”、“啊”、“呀”“嘛”、“嗎”、“啦”、“了”、“罷了”、“而已”等等。不同的語氣助詞可以表示不同的含義。在英譯漢時(shí)，增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。另外，為了使譯文更加生動(dòng)通順，譯者也可以增加無損原意的四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組和疊詞。RhetoricalAmplification（從修辭上考慮）增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩；增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞