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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unrecording

B.tohavebeenunrecorded

C.unrecorded

D.tobeunrecorded

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意:這些調(diào)查表明,許多犯罪沒有被警方記錄下來,主要是因?yàn)椴⒎撬械氖芎φ叨紩?huì)報(bào)案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的賓語從句,manycrimes是主語,go是系動(dòng)詞,橫線部分是表語;根據(jù)by可知橫線部分有被動(dòng)含義,C選項(xiàng)unrecorded符合題意。A選項(xiàng)unrecording沒有被動(dòng)含義;B選項(xiàng)tohavebeenunrecorded和D選項(xiàng)tobeunrecorded用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

JaneandSusanhave______againanddonotspeaktoeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallenin

B.fallenback

C.fallenout

D.fallenof

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)fallenin“倒塌”;B選項(xiàng)fallenback“后退,撤退”;C選項(xiàng)fallenout“鬧翻”;D選項(xiàng)fallenof“……的掉落”。句意:簡和蘇珊又______了,誰都不理誰。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是她們兩人鬧矛盾,都不搭理對方,C選項(xiàng)fallenout“鬧翻”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Althoughlanguageisusedtotransmitinformation,theinformativefunctionsoflanguagearefusedwitholderanddeeperfunctionssothatonlyasmallportionofoureverydayspeechcanbedescribedaspurelyinformative.Theabilitytouselanguageforstrictlyinformativepurposeswasprobablydevelopedrelativelylateinthecourseoflinguisticevolution.

Longbeforethattime,ourancestralspeciesprobablymadethesortsofcriesanimalsdotoexpressfeelingsofhunger,fear,loneliness,andthelike.Graduallythesenoisesseemtohavebecomemoredifferentiated,transformingthecriesintolanguageasweknowittoday.

Althoughwehavedevelopedlanguageinwhichaccuratereportsmaybegiven,westilluselanguageasvocalequivalentsofgesturessuchascryinginpain.Whenwordsareusedasthevocalequivalentofexpressivegestures,languageisfunctioninginpresymbolicways.Thesepresymbolicusesoflanguagecoexistoursymbolicsystemsothatthetalkingwedoineverydaylifeisathoroughblendingofsymbolicandpresymboliclanguage.

Whatwecallsocialconversationismainlypresymbolicincharacter.Whenweareatalargesocialgathering,forexample,weallhavetotalk.Itistypicaloftheseconversationsthat,exceptamongverygoodfriends,fewoftheremarksmadehaveanyinformativevalue:talktogetheraboutnothingatallandtherebyestablishesarelationship.

Thereisprincipleatworkintheselectionofthesubjectmatterwedeemappropriateforsocialconversation.Sincethepurposeofthiskindoftalkistheestablishmentofcommunion,wearecarefultoselectsubjectsaboutwhichagreementisimmediatelypossible.Witheachnewagreement,nomatterhowcommonplace,thefearandsuspicionofthestrangerwearaway,andthepossibilityoffriendshipemerges.Whenfurtherconversationrevealsthatwehavefriendsorpoliticalviewsorartisticvaluesorhobbiesincommon,afriendismade,andgenuinecommunicationandcooperationcanbegin.

1.Thephrase“olderanddeeperfunctions”inthefirstsentencerefersto________.

2.Theauthorusestheterm“presymboliclanguage”tomeanprobably________.

3.Withregardtotheevolutionoflanguage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theprimaryvalueofpresymboliclanguageforhumansisthatit________.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thegrammaticalstructureoflanguage

B.theexpressionofemotionsthroughsound

C.thetransmissionofinformationthroughwrittenlanguage

D.thepurelyinformativepartoflanguage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.languageusedinaccuratereports

B.languagethatlacksanelaborategrammaticalstructure

C.languagethatourancestorsuseprehistorically

D.languagethatisoflittleinformativevalue

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginoflanguagecanbetracedbacktotheearlyman’simitationofnoisesmadebyanimals.

B.Meaninglesscriesprecededtheoriginoflanguage.

C.Intheprocessofevolution,languageismainlynon-informative.

D.Originally,languageistheindistinguishableformsofcries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wipesouthumanhostilityandsuspicion

B.permitsandaidsthesmoothfunctioningofinterpersonalrelationships

C.killstimeinamorecasualway

D.establishanagreementforgenuinecooperation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sincelanguageismainlyforinformation,communicationinourdailylifeisprimarilysymbolic.

B.Inmoderntimes,wetendtousemoresymboliclanguagesthanpresymbolicones.

C.Beforeagenuinecommunicationandconversationbeganspeakersgenerallyaccompanysymboliclanguagewithpresymbolicone.

D.Intermsofdailytalkingitisrelativelyhardtodeterminewhichpartofthelanguageissymbolicandwhichpartispresymbolic.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Althoughlanguageisusedtotransmitinformation,theinformativefunctionsoflanguagearefusedwitholderanddeeperfunctionssothatonlyasmallportionofoureverydayspeechcanbedescribedaspurelyinformative.(雖然語言是用來傳遞信息的,但語言的信息功能與更古老和更深層次的功能融合在一起,所以我們?nèi)粘UZ言中只有小部分可以被描述為純粹的信息功能。),可知語言更古老和更深層次的功能不是純粹傳遞信息,結(jié)合第二段Longbeforethattime,ourancestralspeciesprobablymadethesortsofcriesanimalsdotoexpressfeelingsofhunger,fear,loneliness,andthelike.Graduallythesenoisesseemtohavebecomemoredifferentiated,transformingthecriesintolanguageasweknowittoday.(在那之前很久,我們的祖先可能會(huì)發(fā)出動(dòng)物的那種叫聲來表達(dá)饑餓、恐懼、孤獨(dú)等感覺。漸漸地,這些聲音似乎變得更有區(qū)別,把叫聲變成了我們今天所知道的語言。),可知語言更古老和更深層次的功能是表達(dá)情緒,B選項(xiàng)“通過聲音表達(dá)情感”正確。D選項(xiàng)“語言的純信息部分”:語言更古老和更深層次的功能不是純粹傳遞信息,不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)”和C選項(xiàng)“通過書面語言傳遞信息”:文章沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義推斷題。作者在第三段最后一句提出thetalkingwedoineverydaylifeisathoroughblendingofsymbolicandpresymboliclanguage(我們在日常生活中的說話是一種徹底的象征性語言和前象征性語言的融合),然后在第四段最后一句Itistypicaloftheseconversationsthat,exceptamongverygoodfriends,fewoftheremarksmadehaveanyinformativevalue:talktogetheraboutnothingatallandtherebyestablishesarelationship.(這類談話的典型特點(diǎn)是,除了在非常要好的朋友之間,幾乎沒有什么有信息價(jià)值的評論:在一起什么都不談,從而建立了一種關(guān)系。),可知前象征性語言沒有什么信息價(jià)值,D選項(xiàng)“沒有什么信息價(jià)值的語言”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要求準(zhǔn)確的報(bào)道使用的語言”:根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Althoughwehavedevelopedlanguageinwhichaccuratereportsmaybegiven,westilluselanguageasvocalequivalentsofgesturessuchascryinginpain.Whenwordsareusedasthevocalequivalentofexpressivegestures,languageisfunctioninginpresymbolicways.(雖然我們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出可以作出準(zhǔn)確報(bào)告的語言,但我們?nèi)匀皇褂谜Z言作為聲音上的手勢,如痛苦的哭泣。當(dāng)詞語被用作表達(dá)手勢的聲音時(shí),語言以前象征的方式發(fā)揮作用。),可知作報(bào)告時(shí)用的語言不是前象征性語言,而是象征性語言,屬于張冠李戴。B選項(xiàng)“缺乏復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)的語言”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。C選項(xiàng)“我們祖先史前使用的語言”:文中提到的祖先使用的語言主要表達(dá)情緒,而不是這里的前象征性語言,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Longbeforethattime,ourancestralspeciesprobablymadethesortsofcriesanimalsdotoexpressfeelingsofhunger,fear,loneliness,andthelike.(在那之前很久,我們的祖先可能會(huì)發(fā)出動(dòng)物的那種叫聲來表達(dá)饑餓、恐懼、孤獨(dú)等感覺。),可知我們的祖先沒有刻意模仿動(dòng)物,只是發(fā)出類似于動(dòng)物的叫聲,并且這些叫聲有意義,并且可以區(qū)分不同的情緒,A選項(xiàng)“語言的起源可以追溯到早期人類模仿動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音”、D選項(xiàng)“最初,語言以難以區(qū)分的叫喊形式出現(xiàn)”和B選項(xiàng)“無意義的呼喊先于語言的起源”不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。結(jié)合第二段第二句Graduallythesenoisesseemtohavebecomemoredifferentiated,transformingthecriesintolanguageasweknowittoday.(漸漸地,這些聲音似乎變得更有區(qū)別,把叫喊聲變成了我們今天所知道的語言。),可知如今的語言主要是由最初表達(dá)情緒的叫喊聲進(jìn)化而來,C選項(xiàng)“語言在進(jìn)化過程中主要是非信息的”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Itistypicaloftheseconversationsthat,exceptamongverygoodfriends,fewoftheremarksmadehaveanyinformativevalue:talktogetheraboutnothingatallandtherebyestablishesarelationship.(這類談話的典型特點(diǎn)是,除了在非常要好的朋友之間,幾乎沒有什么有信息價(jià)值的評論:在一起什么都不談,從而建立了一種關(guān)系。),可知前象征性語言可以加強(qiáng)人際關(guān)系,B選項(xiàng)“允許和促進(jìn)人際關(guān)系的順利運(yùn)作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“消除人類的敵意和猜疑”:根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Sincethepurposeofthiskindoftalkistheestablishmentofcommunion,wearecarefultoselectsubjectsaboutwhichagreementisimmediatelypossible.Witheachnewagreement,nomatterhowcommonplace,thefearandsuspicionofthestrangerwearaway,andthepossibilityoffriendshipemerges.(因?yàn)檫@類談話的目的是建立交流,所以我們會(huì)謹(jǐn)慎地選擇哪些話題可以立即達(dá)成意見一致。每次達(dá)成新的一致,無論多么平常,陌生人的恐懼和猜疑就會(huì)消失,友誼的可能性就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。),可知意見一致消除恐懼和猜疑,而不是前象征性語言,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C選項(xiàng)“以更隨意的方式消磨時(shí)間”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“建立真正合作的協(xié)議”:根據(jù)第五段最后一句Whenfurtherconversationrevealsthatwehavefriendsorpoliticalviewsorartisticvaluesorhobbiesincommon,afriendismade,andgenuinecommunicationandcooperationcanbegin.(當(dāng)進(jìn)一步的交談揭示出我們有共同的朋友、政治觀點(diǎn)、藝術(shù)價(jià)值或愛好時(shí),就會(huì)交到朋友,真正的交流和合作才會(huì)開始。),可知真正的合作來自于交到朋友,而不是前象征性語言,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后第一句thetalkingwedoineverydaylifeisathoroughblendingofsymbolicandpresymboliclanguage(我們在日常生活中的說話是一種徹底的象征性語言和前象征性語言的融合),可知象征性語言和前象征性語言在日常生活中都會(huì)用到,C選項(xiàng)“在真正的交流和對話開始之前,說話者通常使用著象征性語言和前象征性語言”正確;文中并沒有提到哪個(gè)使用更多,A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檎Z言主要是用來傳遞信息的,所以我們?nèi)粘I钪械慕涣髦饕窍笳餍缘摹焙虰選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)代,我們傾向于使用更多的象征性語言而不是前象征性語言”屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“就日常用語而言,要確定語言的哪一部分是象征性的,哪一部分是前象征性的,相對來說比較困難”:根據(jù)第四段Whatwecallsocialconversationismainlypresymbolicincharacter…Itistypicaloftheseconversationsthat…fewoftheremarksmadehaveanyinformativevalue(我們所稱的社交對話主要是前象征性質(zhì)的……這類談話的典型特點(diǎn)是……幾乎沒有什么有信息價(jià)值的評論),作者指出了前象征性語言的使用場合和特點(diǎn),可以區(qū)分出來,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Therewasatrafficjam,butshe______gettothedestinationintime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.might

C.oughtto

D.wasableto

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)could“能夠(原本就具有某種能力)”;B選項(xiàng)might“也許會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)oughtto“應(yīng)該(表示期望或可能發(fā)生的事或表示勸告或建議)”;D選項(xiàng)wasableto“能夠(通過努力可以具備某種能力或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某種狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)有努力的過程)”。句意:雖然發(fā)生了交通擁堵,但她______及時(shí)到達(dá)目的地。根據(jù)語境,這里指即使因?yàn)榻煌〒矶录皶r(shí)到達(dá)目的地存在困難,但是她依然辦到了,D選項(xiàng)wasableto符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

IamneverthefirstinlinetotryoutorbuynewtechnologiesCaseinpoint:IamtheonlypersonIknowwhohasmanagedtosurviveontheplanetthislongwithoutowningacellphone.Iliveasimple,wirefreelifeinamountainousvillageonaremoteislandintheAegean.

Thisiswhywemovedhere,toleavethecitysmogandtheall-franticpacebehindus.Instead,wearesurroundedbygoatsandcats.Wemadetherightdecision.

Acoupleofweeksagoonthebeach,Icameacrossasalmoncoloredconchshell.It’sasillyhabit,butIholdashelltomyeartoseeifIcanhearthewavescrashing.Ineverdo,ofcourse,butIrepeattheexerciseendlessly.Idon’tknowwhythethoughthitme,butsuddenlyitoccurredtomethisshellwasaboutthesizeofafirst-generationcellphone.Idecidedtokeepit

EversinceIbroughtithome,I’vebeenamusingmyselfby“dialing”itandwaitingforittoring.Amazing,thismoderntechnology!Ihavecalleditandamquitetakenwithit.

Ifigureditwastimetotestitoutintherealworld,minuteasmy“realworld”is.Itookitwithmeonedaywhenwewentoutforlunch.Asbusytheothertablesreachedfortheircellphonestocheckinwiththeirbossesaboutthisorthat,Imademymove.Iheldmyshellphonetomyearandspokebriefly.Iamawomanoffewwords.

Iwatchedforreactions,butnobodyseemedtheleastbitconcerned.Onhiswayout,onedinercomplimentedmeonmyunusualmodel.“Oh,it’sthelatestintheOmega-22-Alphaseries.”Ismiled,“Iboughtitatthebigelectronicstradefair.”

Ihadtolaughatmyownjoke:Ihaven’tbeenoffmylittleGreekislandfortwoyears.Ihavecompletelyforgottenwhattheinteriorofabookstoreoramovietheaterlookslike.Ilive28sea-hoursfromAthens,trulyinthemiddleofnowhere.

Thedinernodded,stilltakingmeseriously.Perhapshefeltabitembarrassedthathehadn’tattendedthetradefair.Afterall,nobodywantstoadmitbeingoutoftheloopaboutthelatesttrends,electronicorotherwise.

Idon’talwayscarryitwithme,butnowIatleastownamodernshellphoneandamsemi-connectedtotherestoftheplanet.Ofcourse,Iwon’thandoutmynumbertojustanybody.ThelastthingIwantisabunchoftelemarketersfindingmeandinterruptingmydinnertoaskifIwanttoinvestintimesharesonaGreekisland.

Irealizeitwasabargain,butatthemoment,Iamhavingabizarrebitofatechnicaldifficultywithmywirelesswonder.Itmaybemyimagination,butwheneverIpickupmyphone,Idistinctlyhearthesea.

1.Awire-freelifeasmentionedinthefirstparagraphreferstoalife________.

2.Theauthor’stestwithher“shellphone”intherealworldimpliesthat________.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmodernlifeseemstobeoneof________.

4.Theauthorfeelsherdecisiontoliveontheislandisa(n)________one.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatisnewtechnologyindependent

B.thatissimpleandisolatedfromtherestoftheworld

C.thatissubjectedtonorestraintsofworkandtraditions

D.thatisnotconnectedwithtelecommunicationsdevices

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sheisapersonwhotendstobeindulgedinself-amusement

B.sheissolongisolatedfromtheworldthatshenolongerunderstandsit

C.peoplearesobusywithmodernlifethattheycutthemselvesofffromnature

D.peopledonotcommunicatewitheachotherasoftenastheydidbefore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.amazement

B.dissatisfaction

C.contentment

D.enthusiasm

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.correct

C.imprudent

D.tough

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifewithoutNewTechnologies

B.NewTypeofCellphone

C.NewTechnologiesandModernLife

D.FeaturesofShellPhonesandCellPhones

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句IamneverthefirstinlinetotryoutorbuynewtechnologiesCaseinpoint:IamtheonlypersonIknowwhohasmanagedtosurviveontheplanetthislongwithoutowningacellphone.(我從來都不是第一個(gè)嘗試或購買新科技的人:我是我所知道的唯一一個(gè)在沒有手機(jī)的情況下在這個(gè)星球上生存了這么久的人。),這里指的是不使用像手機(jī)這樣的新科技,A選項(xiàng)“沒有新科技”正確。B選項(xiàng)“簡單,與世隔絕”:對應(yīng)第一段第二句inamountainousvillageonaremoteislandintheAegean(在愛琴海某個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)島嶼上的山村),這里指的是在地理位置上與世隔絕,與題干的內(nèi)容無關(guān),屬于偷換概念。C選項(xiàng)“不受工作和傳統(tǒng)限制”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“未與通訊設(shè)備連接”:這僅僅表達(dá)了字面意思,沒有表達(dá)出深層含義,屬于本末倒置。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Iwatchedforreactions,butnobodyseemedtheleastbitconcerned.(我觀察人們的反應(yīng),但似乎沒有人在意。),可知沒有人在意這個(gè)貝殼手機(jī),都忙于自己的生活,注意不到大自然里面的事物,C選項(xiàng)“人們忙于現(xiàn)代生活,與大自然隔絕了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她是一個(gè)喜歡自娛自樂的人”:根據(jù)第四段第一句EversinceIbroughtithome,I’vebeenamusingmyselfby“dialing”itandwaitingforittoring.(自從我把它帶回家,我就一直在“撥”它,等它響,以此自娛自樂。),這里指的是撥貝殼手機(jī)的這個(gè)動(dòng)作,而不是題干說的測試,屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“她與世界隔絕太久,已不了解世界”:沒有這樣的意思,屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“人們不像以前那樣經(jīng)常交流”:文中沒有對比人們在現(xiàn)在和過去的交流是怎樣的,屬于無中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段Thisiswhywemovedhere,toleavethecitysmogandtheall-franticpacebehindus…Wemadetherightdecision.(這就是我們搬到這里的原因,把城市的煙霧和瘋狂的步伐拋在身后……我們做了正確的決定。),可知作者不喜歡之前在城市的生活,所以搬到了這個(gè)島嶼,B選項(xiàng)“不滿”正確。A選項(xiàng)“驚奇”:作者沒有這樣的意思,屬于無中生有。C選項(xiàng)“滿意”和D選項(xiàng)“熱愛”:和文章事實(shí)相反,屬于反向干擾。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Wemadetherightdecision.(我們做了正確的決定。),可知作者認(rèn)為住在島上是正確的,B選項(xiàng)“正確的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“古怪的”,C選項(xiàng)“輕率的”和D選項(xiàng)“艱難的”:作者沒有這樣的意思,屬于無中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段作者點(diǎn)出自己對于新科技的不感興趣,第二段講搬到島上,遠(yuǎn)離城市非常正確,第三、四段講自己發(fā)現(xiàn)的新科技貝殼手機(jī),并且把玩它,第五、六段講人們沒有注意到這個(gè)貝殼,最后幾段講自己在島上的生活是怎樣的,沒有城市中的現(xiàn)代科技,和大自然緊密連接。綜上所述,這篇文章講述了作者搬離城市,沒有現(xiàn)代科技的生活是怎樣的,A選項(xiàng)“沒有新科技的生活”正確。B選項(xiàng)“新型手機(jī)”,C選項(xiàng)“新科技和現(xiàn)代生活”和D選項(xiàng)“貝殼手機(jī)和手機(jī)的特點(diǎn)”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文,屬于以偏概全。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen______comfortably.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wearing

B.areworn

C.isworn

D.wears

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查主謂一致。句意:這種眼鏡由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工匠制作,戴起來很舒服。Thiskindofglasses是句子主語,manufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen是修飾主語的定語,橫線部分是謂語動(dòng)詞,comfortably是狀語。根據(jù)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)確定wears符合題意。A選項(xiàng)wearing是非謂語動(dòng)詞;B選項(xiàng)areworn和C選項(xiàng)isworn是被動(dòng)語態(tài),這里不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

He______asumofmoneyeverymonthtohelpthetwoorphans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setalong

B.setsin

C.setsaside

D.setsup

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)setalong非短語;B選項(xiàng)setsin“(不好的事物)到來”;C選項(xiàng)setsaside“省出,抽出;把……拋在腦后”;D選項(xiàng)setsup“設(shè)置;成立;創(chuàng)建”。句意:他每個(gè)月______一筆錢來幫助那兩個(gè)孤兒。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是拿出錢來幫助孤兒,C選項(xiàng)setsaside“省出,抽出”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thatisa______pointofview.Idon’tagreewithyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crystal

B.protein

C.union

D.conservative

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)crystal“水晶”;B選項(xiàng)protein“蛋白質(zhì)的”;C選項(xiàng)union“聯(lián)合”;D選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”。句意:這觀點(diǎn)很______。我不同意你的看法。根據(jù)語境,D選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”搭配pointofview比較合理,意思指這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)非常保守,符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Milk,butter,andcheeseare______herefromthefarms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imported

B.transferred

C.transformed

D.transported

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imported“進(jìn)口”;B選項(xiàng)transferred“(使)轉(zhuǎn)移,搬遷”;C選項(xiàng)transformed“改變,轉(zhuǎn)換”;D選項(xiàng)transported“運(yùn)輸”。句意:牛奶、黃油和奶酪從農(nóng)場______到這里。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是把牛奶等從農(nóng)場運(yùn)到另一個(gè)地方,D選項(xiàng)transported“運(yùn)輸”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說”;其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意:她會(huì)說法語和德語,英語就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.(毫無疑問,仍然有人認(rèn)為我們納稅太多。但是馬薩諸塞州布倫特里人可能想法不同。)和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.(但有一個(gè)問題。布倫特里正在分崩離析。),可知布倫特里人不認(rèn)為他們納稅過多,相反因?yàn)榧{稅過少導(dǎo)致問題出現(xiàn),D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為付足夠的稅是維持生活的必要條件”正確;B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)納稅太多”不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為政府的減稅計(jì)劃行不通”和C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為市政府濫用他們繳納的稅款”:文中沒有提到政府減稅和政府濫用稅款,屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.(他們也沒有發(fā)行任何債券來償還債務(wù)。),可知C選項(xiàng)“在過去的20年里,這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未發(fā)行過債券來償還債務(wù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在過去的20年里,這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未改變過稅法”:根據(jù)第三段第四句NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5(在過去的20年里,該鎮(zhèn)從未通過無視2.5號提案的決議),沒有提到關(guān)于納稅的所有法規(guī)都沒有通過,只是關(guān)于其中一項(xiàng)沒有改變,屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展很快”:根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.(布倫特里還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)繁華的商業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。),但這不等同于小鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展速度很快,屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“最近修建了更多的學(xué)校、道路和類似的東西”:根據(jù)第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded(學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修,并沒有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注),可知不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.(學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修,并沒有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。但即使人們注意到了,也做不了什么,因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上沒有足夠的錢來支付必要的維修費(fèi)用。),可知問題的根源在于沒有錢,而這是因?yàn)檎鞫惒蛔悖珼選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒有征收足夠的稅來保持良好發(fā)展”正確;不修繕學(xué)校不是因?yàn)椴恢匾暯逃侨鄙儋Y金,B選項(xiàng)“對教育不夠重視”屬于曲解原文;這里提到的不是擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,只是對其進(jìn)行維修,C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒有足夠的錢來擴(kuò)大它的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”屬于曲解原文。A選項(xiàng)“沒有人愿意交稅”:根據(jù)第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?(天啊,天啊,今年在布倫特里的人們要交某種稅了……誰愿意搬到一個(gè)學(xué)校破敗、道路糟糕、水源問題叢生的小鎮(zhèn)?),這里暗指人們愿意交稅,不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。

因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.(就像我媽媽常說的,人們只能忽視客廳里的大象這么久了?,F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候付錢了。),客廳里的大象是非常明顯的現(xiàn)象,指的是納稅不足導(dǎo)致的各種問題,而這個(gè)問題如果不解決,遲早有一天會(huì)嚴(yán)重到不得不解決的獨(dú)步,A選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人對問題視而不見,就會(huì)嘗到苦果”正確;C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該把大象長時(shí)間放在客廳里”僅僅解釋了字面意思,沒有解釋內(nèi)涵,屬于偷換概念;這里表達(dá)的意思是需要增稅,D選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)不應(yīng)該征收違背人們意愿的重稅”屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“對于一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來說,保持一切井井有條負(fù)擔(dān)太沉重”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一、二段闡述不想納稅的觀點(diǎn),隨后舉出布倫特因?yàn)榧{稅不夠而導(dǎo)致問題的例子,在最后一段總結(jié)征稅過多和過少都會(huì)導(dǎo)致問題,并且強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的錢最后用于公民的生活,A選項(xiàng)“繳納足夠的稅款是公民的義務(wù)”正確;D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)征稅過重”文中有提到,但是不是重點(diǎn),屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“他不喜歡稅收,如果可能,他會(huì)盡量避免”:作者在開頭提出不喜歡征稅的觀點(diǎn)是為了吸引讀者注意和欲揚(yáng)先抑,這不是作者想要表達(dá)的核心觀點(diǎn),屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)濫用稅收”:文中沒有提到政府濫用稅收,屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advance“(常指為攻擊而)前進(jìn);(尤指知識)發(fā)展”;B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗;向……挑戰(zhàn)”;C選項(xiàng)justify“證明……有理”;D選項(xiàng)translate“翻譯;轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意:伽利略有足夠的勇氣______由權(quán)威的希臘科學(xué)家亞里斯多德提出的落體理論。根據(jù)語境,這里指伽利略為了科學(xué)的發(fā)展而質(zhì)疑落體理論,B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗;向……挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于,考慮到”;B選項(xiàng)Withregardto“至于”;C選項(xiàng)Byvirtueof“由于,憑借”;D選項(xiàng)Accordingto“按照”。句意:______她缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同,A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于,考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfered

B.interpreted

C.disrupted

D.corrupted

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)interfered“妨礙(有損害)”;B選項(xiàng)interpreted“解釋;作口譯”;C選項(xiàng)disrupted“妨礙,擾亂(使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度)”;D選項(xiàng)corrupted“腐化”。句意:汽車爆炸的殘骸______交通。根據(jù)語境,這里指汽車爆炸擾亂了正常交通,C選項(xiàng)disrupted“妨礙,擾亂(使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Ifyoudiscussasubjectwithouttakinganadversarialposition,you’llgetclosertothetruthofthematterthanyouwouldbygoingateachother______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eyetoeye

B.facetoface

C.hammerandtongs

D.hammerandnails

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)eyetoeye“心有靈犀;四目相對”;B選項(xiàng)facetoface“面對面”;C選項(xiàng)hammerandtongs“竭盡全力”;D選項(xiàng)hammerandnails“錘子和釘子”。句意:如果不站在敵對的立場討論問題,相比于______相互攻擊,你們會(huì)更接近問題的真相。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是不要把全部注意力放在用言語相互攻擊對方,C選項(xiàng)hammerandtongs“竭盡全力”符合題意。這里沒有提到是否是面對面討論問題還是以其他方式,B選項(xiàng)facetoface“面對面”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)demand“要求;需求”,indemandof非固定搭配,demandforsth.“要求某物”;B選項(xiàng)requirement“必需品;必備條件”;C選項(xiàng)question“疑問;議題;困惑”;D選項(xiàng)quest“探索,尋找”,inquestofsth.“尋找/探索某事物”。句意:她向房間四下看,______椅子來坐。根據(jù)語境,這里指在房間里到處看,想找把椅子坐,D選項(xiàng)quest“探索,尋找”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thewind______thecloudsandthesunwasagainvisible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispersed

B.distributed

C.displaced

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散;驅(qū)散”;B選項(xiàng)distributed“分發(fā);散布”;C選項(xiàng)displaced“取代;移動(dòng)”;D選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列;表露(特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感)”。句意:風(fēng)______云,又看得見太陽了。根據(jù)語境,這里指風(fēng)把云吹散,A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散;驅(qū)散”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

______,themoreseverethewintersare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themoreyougonorth

B.Thefarthernorthyougo

C.Themorenorthyougo

D.Thefartheryougothenorth

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查比較級。A選項(xiàng)Themoreyougonorth“去北方的次數(shù)越多”;B選項(xiàng)Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”;C選項(xiàng)Themorenorthyougo語法錯(cuò)誤,more和north不放一起;D選項(xiàng)Thefartheryougothenorth應(yīng)該是gotothenorth。句意:______,冬天的寒氣越重。結(jié)合語境,B選項(xiàng)Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,______wasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”;B選項(xiàng)andthen“然后;其次”;C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”;D選項(xiàng)evenso“即使如此”。句意:當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),我想我是在學(xué)校,______是在和一個(gè)朋友度假。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是要么在學(xué)校,要么在度假,A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobemade

B.havingmade

C.beingdone

D.made

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意:一束光除非借助反射裝置,否則不會(huì)沿拐角彎曲。unless在表示“除非”時(shí),如其引導(dǎo)的從句謂語是be動(dòng)詞,而從句的主語跟主句的主語相同時(shí),從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞就可省略。有時(shí)從句中主語為it時(shí),也可省略it或從句中的有關(guān)成分。在這里unless引導(dǎo)省略了成份的狀語從句,unlessitismadetodosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice是完整的從句。去掉itis后D選項(xiàng)made正確。選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(變化無常的)andf

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