2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號84

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspiteof

B.Becauseof

C.Butfor

D.Asfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Becauseof“因?yàn)椤保籆選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒有”；D選項(xiàng)Asfor“至于”。句意：______英語考試，上星期天我就去聽音樂會了。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是因?yàn)橛杏⒄Z考試這個緣故，我沒有去聽音樂會，C選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒有”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drugged“用藥麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B選項(xiàng)drifted“漂流；移向”；C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）；規(guī)定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“給……開（藥）治療……”；D選項(xiàng)floated“漂浮”。句意：醫(yī)生給我做了x光胸透，還給我______了藥。根據(jù)語境，這里指醫(yī)生給我開藥，C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說”；其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意：她會說法語和德語，英語就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Underno______willIgothereagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstances

B.situation

C.environment

D.occurrences

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circumstances“狀況；境遇”，undernocircumstances“無論如何都不”；B選項(xiàng)situation“形勢，局面”；C選項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境”；D選項(xiàng)occurrences“發(fā)生的事情；（某事物的）發(fā)生”。句意：在任何______下我都不會再去那里了。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在任何情況下都不會再去那里，結(jié)合詞組undernocircumstances“無論如何都不”，A選項(xiàng)circumstances“狀況；境遇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯)andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.（那些每天睡眠時間超過8小時但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的近三倍，這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。），可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因?yàn)榛加屑膊?，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確；這里沒有說到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯誤；這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害，B選項(xiàng)“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯誤；文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病，C選項(xiàng)“每天睡眠少于8小時的人更容易生病”錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑，最后一句說Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.（奇怪的是，那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。），可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確；沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個情況的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯誤；醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù)，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來保持精力充沛”錯誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量，并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪，不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件，也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響，比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.（我真的是站著睡著了，臉差點(diǎn)被埋在傷口里。）和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.（幾乎我認(rèn)識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。），最后總結(jié)說“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.（“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?！钡谌齻€人寫道，因?yàn)樗麄兪恰白璧K你睡好幾個小時的唯一因素”。），表達(dá)醫(yī)生因?yàn)槁殬I(yè)的關(guān)系缺乏睡眠，在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險，B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險”正確；這里只是表達(dá)因?yàn)橐尾?，醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠，A選項(xiàng)“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯誤；娛樂讀者不是主要目的，而是舉例表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.（它的關(guān)鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定，包括每周80小時的工作時間和24小時的輪班限制。然而，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預(yù)。），可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為睡眠的時間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的，不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛，D選項(xiàng)“政府干擾過多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項(xiàng)“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺，但是他的意識可以”：不是表達(dá)的主要意思。C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該遵守政府的規(guī)定”：文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.（在美國，飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間都有嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人只能聽天由命……就醫(yī)生而言，他們必須放棄一貫不出錯的姿態(tài)，而得到他們需要的休息。），可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務(wù)的質(zhì)量，A選項(xiàng)“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息，病人將面臨更多危險”正確；這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間問題，而不是工作的安全性，C選項(xiàng)“飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)人員有權(quán)解除其醫(yī)生的職務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hegaveusagood______ofhisexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstration

B.frequency

C.description

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demonstration“表現(xiàn)，顯露；游行示威”；B選項(xiàng)frequency“重復(fù)率”；C選項(xiàng)description“描述；類型”；D選項(xiàng)instruction“命令”。句意：他向我們很好地______了他的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是分享他的經(jīng)歷，C選項(xiàng)description“描述”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled“communes”,wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof“doyourownthing”.AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”.FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey’sMerryPranksters,thefollowersofSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecamefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana(大麻).

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof“doyourownthing”.However,TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner’s“conditioning”techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”.Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto“dropout”ofsocietyduringthe1960s?

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuilddome-shapedhouse?

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebasedon?

5.Whatisan“archeology”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

B.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

C.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

D.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.OnafarminTennessee.

B.InanarcheologyinArizona.

C.Indome-shapedhouse.

D.Inoldschoolhouses.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SteveGaskin.

B.BuckminsterFuller.

C.PaoloSoleri.

D.B.G.Skinner.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theideasofapsychologist.

B.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogether.

C.Thephilosophyofdoyouownthing.

D.Virginiainthelate1960s.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AcityinArizona.

B.Atechniquetocontrolpeople.

C.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology.

D.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.（20世紀(jì)60年代，許多美國年輕人對美國社會感到不滿。）和第三句SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.（他們中的一些人決定退出美國社會，組成自己的社會。），可知是因?yàn)椴粷M美國社會，所以退出，C選項(xiàng)“他們不滿意美國社會”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們想?yún)⒓釉侥蠎?zhàn)爭”和B選項(xiàng)“他們不希望所有的人都是平等的”：根據(jù)第一段第二句TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.（他們想結(jié)束越南戰(zhàn)爭，讓所有美國人平等。），可知他們希望戰(zhàn)爭停止，也希望人人平等。D選項(xiàng)“他們想種植大麻”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個農(nóng)場定居，但由于該組織的一些成員因種植大麻被捕，他們不得不離開。），可知種植大麻不是退出社會的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句agroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates（這個團(tuán)體自稱“theHogFarm”的團(tuán)體，住在舊學(xué)校房子里，周游美國），可知D選項(xiàng)“在舊學(xué)校房子里”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在田納西州的農(nóng)場”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個農(nóng)場定居），可知這是SteveGaskin的追隨者而非“theHogFarm”。B選項(xiàng)“在亞利桑那州的古跡”C選項(xiàng)“在圓頂?shù)姆孔永铩保焊鶕?jù)第一段第五、六句AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”…theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（一群藝術(shù)家在科羅拉多州南部建立了一個名為“DropCity”的公社……他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知這里指的是“DropCity”而非“theHogFarm”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（按照哲學(xué)家和建筑師BuckminsterFuller的想法，他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知B選項(xiàng)“BuckminsterFuller”正確。A選項(xiàng)“SteveGaskin”，C選項(xiàng)“PaoloSoleri”和D選項(xiàng)“B.G.Skinner”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.（TwinOaks社區(qū)在20世紀(jì)60年代末于弗吉尼亞州成立，它基于心理學(xué)家B.F.Skinner的想法。），可知A選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家的想法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人們必須緊密生活在一起的信念”，C選項(xiàng)“做自己的事情的哲學(xué)”和D選項(xiàng)“60年代末的弗吉尼亞”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”（一個烏托邦城市亞利桑那，在這里2500人將緊密地生活在一個叫做“archeology”大建筑物里），可知這個烏托邦城市地點(diǎn)在亞利桑那，在“archeology”中人們緊密地生活在一起，D選項(xiàng)“人們住在一起的巨大建筑”正確，A選項(xiàng)“亞利桑那州的一個城市”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“一種控制人的技巧”和C選項(xiàng)“研究考古學(xué)的人”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動名詞做賓語，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ThealcoholintakeofGreeksisalsomodest______Europeanterms,butthey’rethebiggestsmokersinthe15-countrybloc,______upeighttimesadayforeveryman,womanandchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.during,lighted

B.in,lighting

C.for,lighted

D.as,lighting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配與非謂語動詞。句意：在歐洲，希臘人的飲酒量也不算高，但他們卻是15國中吸煙人數(shù)最多的國家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次煙。根據(jù)固定搭配intermsof“在……方面，從……角度”，確定第一根橫線用介詞in；第二根橫線考查非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語和本句的主語一致，動作是主語主動發(fā)出，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞lighting，B選項(xiàng)in,lighting符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；B選項(xiàng)Withregardto“至于”；C選項(xiàng)Byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；D選項(xiàng)Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同，A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國家曾經(jīng)僅僅依靠出口原材料和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物換取制成品。

2.因此，產(chǎn)品無法在全球市場上與工業(yè)化國家的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品競爭。

3.也像日本一樣，他們專注于向外國消費(fèi)者銷售他們制造的產(chǎn)品，來為國家?guī)碡?cái)富。

4.20世紀(jì)末，中國通過制造業(yè)出口的快速擴(kuò)張，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。

5.如果一個發(fā)展中國家或其人民要求更高的工資、實(shí)施勞動保護(hù)或環(huán)境保護(hù)，跨國公司通常只需要將生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到成本更低的國家。

13.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”；B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”；C選項(xiàng)confident“自信的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。句意：年輕人不______站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品；他們想要的是可以參與的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不想止步于觀看藝術(shù)作品，而是想要參與其中，B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thismountainrangehasmanyhigh______andfertilevalleys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peaks

B.hills

C.phases

D.pink

【答案】B

【解析】【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)peaks“山頂；頂峰”；B選項(xiàng)hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C選項(xiàng)phases“階段”；D選項(xiàng)pink“粉紅色”。句意：這條山脈有許多高_(dá)_____和肥沃的山谷。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這條山脈包含了許多座山，B選項(xiàng)hills“山丘”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語法錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advance“（常指為攻擊而）前進(jìn)；（尤指知識）發(fā)展”；B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”；C選項(xiàng)justify“證明……有理”；D選項(xiàng)translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：伽利略有足夠的勇氣______由權(quán)威的希臘科學(xué)家亞里斯多德提出的落體理論。根據(jù)語境，這里指伽利略為了科學(xué)的發(fā)展而質(zhì)疑落體理論，B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded______27%.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.by

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)expandedto“增加到”；B選項(xiàng)expandin“在……中增加”；C選項(xiàng)expandby“增加了”；D選項(xiàng)expandfor非固定搭配。句意：在1974至1997年間，海外游客人數(shù)______27%。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是海外游客人數(shù)在這些年的對比，C選項(xiàng)expandby“增加了”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Theoldmanwaskindand______enoughtohelpthechildrencrossthestreet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.timid

B.lively

C.gracious

D.graceful

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)timid“羞怯的”；B選項(xiàng)lively“活潑的；充滿趣味的，熱烈的”；C選項(xiàng)gracious“和藹可親的；有禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)graceful“優(yōu)雅的”。句意：這位老人非常友好和______，還幫助孩子們過馬路。根據(jù)語境，這里C選項(xiàng)gracious“和藹可親的；有禮貌的”形容老人比較合理，意思指老人熱心幫助孩子們，非常和藹可親。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecase—historyoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled________.

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is________.

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat________.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theCaseofPeterandMark

B.HowthebraininfluencesIntelligence

C.MeasuringYourIntelligence

D.IntelligenceandEnvironment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson’sintelligence

B.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

C.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

D.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.110

B.125

C.85

D.100

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

B.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

C.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

D.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeincreasedbyeducation

B.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

C.canbepredictedatbirth

D.staysthesamethroughouthislife

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一個人的大腦有多好，除非他有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)，否則他的智力水平就會很低。），文章第一段提出天生的大腦和成長的環(huán)境決定智力高低，并且后天環(huán)境的影響比天生的因素更重要，隨后在第二段舉出彼得和馬克的案例來證明天生大腦一樣，后天環(huán)境對智力有很大影響，文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)在于環(huán)境對智力的影響，D選項(xiàng)“智力與環(huán)境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“彼得和馬克的案例”：不足以概括全文。B選項(xiàng)“大腦如何影響智力”和C選項(xiàng)“測量你的智力”：文中沒有具體提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一個人的大腦有多好，除非他有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)，否則他的智力水平就會很低。），可知相比于天生的大腦，環(huán)境對個人智力影響更大，A選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境在決定個人智力方面至關(guān)重要”正確，B選項(xiàng)“有相同大腦的人有大致相同的智力”和D選項(xiàng)“大腦天生的因素在決定他的智力方面很重要”錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“人類的大腦差別很大”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.（馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。），可知平均智商是100，D選項(xiàng)“100”正確。A選項(xiàng)“110”，B選項(xiàng)“125”和C選項(xiàng)“85”錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.（如果機(jī)會均等，擁有相同大腦的雙胞胎的測試水平大致相同。），結(jié)合雙胞胎因?yàn)榄h(huán)境不同而智力不同的案例，可知機(jī)會的多和少影響他們各自的智力，A選項(xiàng)“缺乏機(jī)會阻礙智力的增長”正確。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的變化產(chǎn)生大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”：文中沒有講到環(huán)境對大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的具體改變。C選項(xiàng)“具有相同大腦的個體很少在相同水平上測試”：文中只講了一個案例，不足以得出此結(jié)論。D選項(xiàng)“一個人的智力只由他所處的環(huán)境決定”：文中還提到天生的大腦影響智力。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.（這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到雙胞胎十八九歲的時候，那時他們接受了測試，以衡量他們的智力。），這種環(huán)境差異指的是受教育的機(jī)會和程度，可知教育可以提高智力，A選項(xiàng)“可以通過教育提高”正確。B選項(xiàng)“由童年決定”：這里兩個雙胞胎童年的差距就是教育，A選項(xiàng)更符合題意，而且教育可以在除了童年以外的時期進(jìn)行。C選項(xiàng)“可以在出生時預(yù)測”和D選項(xiàng)“一生保持不變”：環(huán)境中教育的因素會影響智力，所以智力會因?yàn)榻逃淖?。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

WithschoolleaversandgraduatesinChinanowmainlyfreeto______intheworldofwork,thenumberofyoungpeoplestartinguptheirownbusinesshasincreasedrapidly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maketheirownway

B.followtheirownpath

C.leadahappylife

D.learnagoodlesson

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)maketheirownway“走出自己的路”；B選項(xiàng)followtheirownpath“跟隨自己的路”；C選項(xiàng)leadahappylife“通往幸福的生活”；D選項(xiàng)learnagoodlesson“功課學(xué)得好，好好上一課”。句意：隨著中國的輟學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生在工作中基本上可以自由______，自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的年輕人數(shù)量迅速增加。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這些學(xué)生可以自己開創(chuàng)自己的道路，A選項(xiàng)maketheirownway“走出自己的路”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Ifyouplaywithelectricity,youmaygetanelectric______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strike

B.beat

C.shock

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)strike“擊，打，踢；打擊”；B選項(xiàng)beat“有規(guī)律的敲擊（聲）；（音樂、詩歌等的）節(jié)拍”；C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”，electricshock；D選項(xiàng)knock“敲，擊；（常為無意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄電，就可能會______。根據(jù)語境，這里指被電打到，C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

ThisistheChinese______,translatedfromEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.publication

B.editor

C.printing

D.version

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)publication“發(fā)行，出版物”；B選項(xiàng)editor“（報刊、雜志的）主編”；C選項(xiàng)printing“（書籍的）一次印刷”；D選項(xiàng)version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”。句意：這是英文翻譯過來的中文______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這原來是英文的，被翻譯成了中文，D選項(xiàng)version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：無論如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根據(jù)否定詞謂語句首，確定用部分倒裝，語序是否定詞+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語+剩余部分；根據(jù)myname和mention是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)。C選項(xiàng)mustmynamebementioned符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.which

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：生活在這個國家的西部有很多問題，其中獲取淡水還不是小問題。橫線到句尾是修飾problems的非限制性定語從句，語序還原為obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems，A選項(xiàng)ofwhich符合題意。B選項(xiàng)which