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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
It’sour(
)thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.
問題1選項
A.confidence
B.conviction
C.recommendation
D.insurance
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項confidence“信心”;B選項conviction“確信”;C選項recommendation“推薦”;D選項insurance“保險”。句意:我們相信新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策會給公司帶來巨大的繁榮。選項B符合句意。
2.單選題
Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen(
).
問題1選項
A.canceled
B.abolished
C.refused
D.rejected
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項cancel“取消”;B選項abolish“廢除,廢止”;C選項refuse“拒絕”;D選項reject“拒絕,排斥”。句意:人類開發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項B符合句意。
3.單選題
Ifyou(
)yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.
問題1選項
A.conduct
B.dismiss
C.grant
D.moderate
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conduct“組織”;B選項dismiss“解散,解雇;不予理會,不予考慮”;C選項grant“授予”;D選項moderate“節(jié)制,減輕”。句意:如果你不考慮自己的需求,你將會有更多的機(jī)會獲得你想要的。選項B符合句意。
4.單選題
Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill(
)ontothefloor.
問題1選項
A.overlap
B.overflow
C.flourish
D.flutter
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項overlap“與…重疊”;B選項overflow“溢出,泛濫”;C選項flourish“繁榮,茂盛,茁壯成長”;D選項flutter“飄動,飛來飛去”。句意:如果你進(jìn)入一個充滿水的浴缸,水將會溢出到地板上。選項B符合句意。
5.單選題
JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI(
).
問題1選項
A.puthimthrough
B.turnedhimout
C.gavehimup
D.cuthimshort
【答案】D
【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項putthrough“接通,完成”;B選項turnout“結(jié)果是”;C選項giveup“放棄”;D選項cutshort“打斷,縮減”。句意:杰克正要宣布我們的計劃,但我打斷了他。選項D更符合語境。
6.翻譯題
PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:
Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.
Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconsiderthefacts,butwouldconsideronlythewishtoresolvethematter.An"invidiouscompromise"awardatthesame50%perunitreductionwouldbearnorelationtothedegreeofinferiorityandpotentialofuse.Thepurposeofarbitrationisnottopleaseallpartiestosomeextent;itistoreachadecisionwithdueregardtoallfactsandcircumstancespresentedintheHearing.
【答案】對那些對仲裁價值持保留意見的人來說,所謂的令人反感的妥協(xié)不是“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。確切的說,它是“不公正的妥協(xié)”。這意味著不考慮事情的優(yōu)點,但卻認(rèn)識到外在限制且拆分這其中的區(qū)別。這便是仲裁人權(quán)利的不當(dāng)使用。一旦這種情況出現(xiàn),仲裁就會失敗。
一個例子可以區(qū)分可能發(fā)生于仲裁時的令人反感的“不公正的妥協(xié)”和看上去“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。假定事關(guān)一個用合約訂購了某種商品的買家,盡管收到了商品,但他認(rèn)為這些商品比訂購的質(zhì)量差。盡管他可以使用這些商品,但是他認(rèn)為自己不應(yīng)該付全款。他認(rèn)為每單位該商品應(yīng)該給1美元的補(bǔ)貼。但廠商即賣家質(zhì)疑產(chǎn)品劣質(zhì)的聲稱。在仲裁吋,仲裁人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)該商品有缺陷,但沒有達(dá)到買家聲稱的程度。鑒于提出的事實的原因,他可能裁決會每單位50%的降價或每單位50美分的補(bǔ)貼。在妥協(xié)里,這就屬于“不公正的妥協(xié)”,仲裁決定沒有考慮事實,而僅考慮去解決問題的愿望。一個裁決給予同樣每單位減少50%的“不公正的妥協(xié)”與產(chǎn)品缺陷度和可用度不會有關(guān)系。仲裁的目的不是去在某種程度上取悅每一方,而是去充分考慮聽證會上提出的所有事實和情況而做出決定。
7.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish
采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”,依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。
勞教制度廢止后,未觸犯刑法的違法者,將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。
醉酒駕駛機(jī)動車的行為,要追究法律責(zé)任。
中國漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島,維護(hù)國家的合法權(quán)益。
打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪,保護(hù)人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全。
依法行政是實現(xiàn)“中國夢”的根本性制度保障。
【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.
Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.
Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.
ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.
Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.
Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".
8.單選題
Itishis(
).Ifthebikeisdamaged,hemustpay.
問題1選項
A.ability
B.liability
C.capacity
D.capability
【答案】B
【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項ability“能力,才能”;B選項liability“責(zé)任,債務(wù)”;C選項capacity“能力,資格”;D選項capability“能力,性能”。句意:這是他的責(zé)任。如果自行車壞了,他必須賠償。選項B符合句意。
9.單選題
Weliveinanunusualtimewithcorporatedownsizing,restructuring,andtheincreaseinglobalcompetition.Someviewthesetimesasproblematic,othersseetheincredibleopportunitiescreatedbysuchchange.
Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenahugegrowthinhome-basedandservice-industrybusinesses.Thesebusinesseshavebeenstartedbyindividualswiththecouragetopursuetheirdreams.Yet,foreveryideathatimplemented,thousandsofideasnevergetbeyondtheconceptualstagefromtheimaginationtoaplanofaction.
Whatholdspeoplebackfrompursuingtheirdreamsandactionsontheirgreatideas?Ibelieveit’sfearoffailure.Someoneoncesaid“therearealotofwaystobecomeafailure,butnevertakingachanceisthemostsuccessfulway..,I'vealsohearditsaidthatpeopledon'tplantofailtheyfailtoplan.
Companiesthesedaysmustbewillingtoandabletochangeconstantly.Sometimescompanieschangecoursetosurvive,andsometimestheydosobecauseanopportunityistoogoodtoresist.Iknowofasmallcompanythatprovidedamessengerserviceseveralyearsago.Asuddenmajorincreaseincorporateuseoffaxmachinesnearlyputthissmallcompanyoutofbusiness.Fortunately,theownerofthecompanywasastuteenoughtorealizeotherglobalcorporatetrendshappeningatthesametime.Asthosecompanieswereacquiringfaxmachines,squarefootageofofficespacewasdecreasing,generatinganeedformoreoffsitespace.Theownershiftedgearsfromofferingamessengerservicetoprovidinganoffsiterecordsstorageservice,andsoonbusinesswasboomingonceagain.
Itallcomesdowntoperspective.Whentherewasadownturnintheeconomy,somepeoplecouldsaytothemselves,“Thisisterrible!Withthedownturnintheeconomy,no-bodywillhaveabudgetformyservices.”O(jiān)R...whileothersthought,“Thisisgreat!Withthetighteningofthebudgetandthelossofsupportstaff,there'sanevengreaterneedforexecutives,professionals,andentrepreneurstobemoreproductiveandeffective,whichispreciselywhatI'mheretohelpthemdo!”
Asimportantaspositivementalattitudeis.Stonesaysthat“thereissomethingmoreimportantthanbelieving.Action!Theworldisfullofdreamers,therearen'tenoughwhowillmoveaheadandbegintotakeconcretestepstoactualizetheirvision.”
1.Themainreasonforanincreaseinbusinessesinthepasttenyearsis(
).
2.Themosteffectivewayofbecomingafailureis
(
).
3.TheauthorusestheexampleinParagraph4toillustratethat
(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingismainlyexpressedinthepassage?
問題1選項
A.theincreaseinglobalcompetition
B.theincredibleopportunitiesintheworld
C.thatindividualsarecourageoustotaketherisk
D.thatmorepeopletrytorealizetheirgoals
問題2選項
A.neverpursuingadream
B.nevertakinganopportunity
C.nevermakingaplan
D.neverfailingtoplan
問題3選項
A.companiesshouldmakeconstantchangestomeetthecompetitioninordertosurvive.
B.itallcomesdowntoperspective
C.anideacanbetherootofgreatsuccess
D.economicsuccessdependsonchanges
問題4選項
A.Perspectiveisenoughtomakeprogress.
B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
D.Positivementalattitudealongwithactioncanleadtosuccess
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inthepasttenyears”定位到第二段一二句“Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenahugegrowthinhome-basedandservice-industrybusinesses.Thesebusinesseshavebeenstartedbyindividualswiththecouragetopursuetheirdreams.在過去的十年里,以家庭為基礎(chǔ)的商業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)有了巨大的增長。這些企業(yè)是由有勇氣追求夢想的個人創(chuàng)辦的?!币簿褪钦f,最主要的原因是:更多的人有勇氣追求夢想,即試圖實現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo),所以選項D符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“…therearealotofwaystobecomeafailure,butnevertakingachanceisthemostsuccessfulway…失敗的方式有很多,但從不抓住機(jī)會是最主要的方式?!边x項B與原文表述一致,所以正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,作者在此舉例是為了說明第四段首句提出的觀點“Companiesthesedaysmustbewillingtoandabletochangeconstantly.如今的公司必須愿意并且能夠不斷地改變。”也就是說,為了生存,公司應(yīng)該不斷地做出改變以適應(yīng)競爭。選項A符合原文。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知:與積極的精神狀態(tài)同樣重要的是行動!世界充滿了夢想家,但能勇往直前并付諸行動去實現(xiàn)自己夢想的人卻不多。只有將積極的精神狀態(tài)與行動結(jié)合才能取得成功。所以選項D為本文的主旨。
10.單選題
Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized(
).
問題1選項
A.experiment
B.expertise
C.witness
D.cleverness
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項experiment“達(dá)到,實現(xiàn)”;B選項expertise“要求”;C選項witness“獲得,學(xué)到”;D選項cleverness“詢問”。句意:人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實用的智慧,而不是小聰明。選項D更符合語境。
11.單選題
Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa(
)thathehadn'tseenbefore.
問題1選項
A.species
B.specimen
C.spectrum
D.sample
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”;B選項specimen“樣品,標(biāo)本”;C選項spectrum“光譜”;D選項sample“樣本”。句意:游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。
12.單選題
Sincethecouplecouldnot(
)theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.
問題1選項
A.reconcile
B.comply
C.coincide
D.resign
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項reconcile“調(diào)和,使一致”;B選comply“遵守,順從”;C選項coincide“一致,符合”;D選項resign“辭職”。句意:由于這對夫婦無法調(diào)和他們之間的分歧,他們決定離婚。選項A符合句意。
13.單選題
It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor(
).
問題1選項
A.decline
B.vacancy
C.rarity
D.shortage
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項decline“下降,衰退”;B選項vacancy“空缺”;C選項rarity“罕見,珍貴”;D選項shortage“短缺”。句意:要找到解決國家勞動力短缺的辦法并不容易。選項D符合句意。
14.單選題
China’sresumingexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongandMacaois(
)ofChineseprosperity.
問題1選項
A.indulgent
B.indifferent
C.indignant
D.indicative
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項indulgent“放縱的,寬容的”;B選項indifferent“冷淡的,中立的”;C選項indignant“憤憤不平的”;D選項indicative“象征的”。句意:中國恢復(fù)對香港和澳門行使主權(quán),象征著中國繁榮昌盛。選項D符合句意。
15.單選題
Livinginpoverty,shesoldfor1000dollarsthe(
)ofherfather’sfirstwork,whichmadehimfamous.
問題1選項
A.manuscript
B.document
C.file
D.duplicate
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項manuscript“手稿,原稿”;B選項document“文件”;C選項file“文件,檔案”;D選項duplicate“副本,復(fù)制品”。句意:由于生活貧困,她以1000美元的價格賣掉了她父親第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。選項A更符合語境。
16.單選題
Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.
Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.
Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.
Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.
Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.
1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe(
).
2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis
(
).
3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe
(
).
4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings
(
).
5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept(
).
問題1選項
A.TheMethodsofConstruction
B.TheContractingSystem
C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding
D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding
問題2選項
A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight
B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground
C.tostanduptowindpressure
D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity
問題3選項
A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse
B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse
C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding
D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding
問題4選項
A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures
B.Pillarsandcolumns
C.Concretewallsandframes
D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures
問題5選項
A.windpressures
B.stressescausedbyearthquakes
C.rainpressure
D.stressesofthebuildingitself
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段指出建筑有兩個主要的結(jié)構(gòu)功能以及兩種負(fù)載能力。下文接著講到了建筑承重的問題,由此可以推斷,本文主要講的是建筑原則,選項C正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必須為人們提供躲避惡劣天氣的場所,并且必須將所有的貨物安全運送到地面?!敝挥羞x項B符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.(建筑)結(jié)構(gòu)是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知,選項B與原文表述一致,所以正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撐建筑物的主要結(jié)構(gòu)類型包括承重墻、框架和殼體結(jié)構(gòu)?!边x項D符合原文。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑師必須設(shè)計出經(jīng)得起風(fēng)壓的建筑物。在日本等一些國家,建筑物還必須經(jīng)受起地震?!庇纱丝芍?,選項A和B均有提及;根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.靜載荷是建筑物本身的負(fù)載?!庇纱丝芍x項D在文中也有提及。只有選項C沒有提及,所以本題選C。
17.單選題
Youmustbeverycareful.Thework(
)precision.
問題1選項
A.retails
B.repels
C.retains
D.entails
【答案】D
【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項retail“零售,詳述”;B選項repel“擊退,抵制”;C選項retain“保持,固定”;D選項entail“使需要,要求”。句意:你必須非常小心,這項工作對精確性要求極高。選項D符合句意。
18.單選題
Thetremorinhisvoice(
)hisnervousness.
問題1選項
A.affirmed
B.disguised
C.represented
D.revealed
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項affirm“肯定,斷言”;B選項disguise“偽裝,掩飾”;C選項represent“代表”;D選項reveal“揭露,顯示”。句意:他顫抖的聲音顯露出他的緊張。選項D符合句意。
19.單選題
TheMayorofthetownisa(
)oldman.
問題1選項
A.respective
B.respectful
C.respectable
D.respecting
【答案】B
【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項respective“分別的,各自的”;B選項respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”;C選項respectable“值得尊敬的”;D選項respecting“關(guān)于”。句意:這個鎮(zhèn)的市長是個可敬的老人。選項B符合句意。
20.單選題
Hehasspentallthemoneyandmadeno(
)forthefuture.
問題1選項
A.proverb
B.provision
C.prospect
D.province
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項proverb“諺語,格言”;B選項provision“規(guī)定,條款,供應(yīng)品”;C選項prospect“前途,預(yù)期”;D選項province“領(lǐng)域,職權(quán)”。句意:他花光了所有的錢,沒有為將來做準(zhǔn)備。選項B符合句意。
21.單選題
Ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.Theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday'sdial-upmodems.Withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.
Thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.Costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.Moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.
Twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.Theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.Low—earthorbit(LEO)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth'ssurface.Buttheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefast---movingLEOsatellites.
Bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.Specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.
Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.Digitalsubscriberline(DSL)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.Localmultipointdistributionservice(LMDS)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.Cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.Fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.ForuptoonethirdofthepopulationintheU.S.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.
1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?
2.AllofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedEXCEPT(
).
3.Whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?
4.Whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?
問題1選項
A.SatelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheInternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.
B.Satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.
C.Satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.
D.Ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.
問題2選項
A.narrowradiobeamswillbeused
B.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetaken
C.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.
D.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.
問題3選項
A.Becauseitisfixedallthetime.
B.Becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.
C.Becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.
D.Becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.
問題4選項
A.SatellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheInternet.
B.TotransmittheDSLsignalswithoutdelay.
C.Theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.
D.Lowcost
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知選項A正確;根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.衛(wèi)星靜止不動的以先進(jìn)的地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)也難以匹敵的方式提供交互式寬帶服務(wù)。”選項C符合原文。根據(jù)第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新發(fā)送來自地面天線的無線電傳輸?!边x項D符合原文。只有選項B在文中沒有提及,所以不正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知選項B正確;以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.該系統(tǒng)將在極高的無線電頻率下運行,它們將使用能夠與超小型天線通信的窄無線電波束,這種天線可以很容易地安裝在大多數(shù)家庭中?!边x項A和C符合原文;選項D中的“signals”與原文中的“antennas”不符,所以不正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步衛(wèi)星將以與地球自轉(zhuǎn)相同的速度繞赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的軌道運行,因此從地面上看是靜止的?!庇纱丝芍?,選項B符合原文。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句“Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.寬帶的一個不為人知的小秘密是地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)的技術(shù)限制將嚴(yán)重限制其實效性。”接下是進(jìn)行具體的舉例說明,最后提及:衛(wèi)星技術(shù)將不僅僅是被選擇,而是必須選擇。所以由此推斷,最后一段的重點是強(qiáng)調(diào)衛(wèi)星可以提高互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可用性。選項A正確。
22.單選題
Thethiefranintothecrowdand(
)fromthesight.
問題1選項
A.escaped
B.periled
C.melted
D.vanished
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項escape“逃脫,避免”;B選項peril“危及,置...于險境”;C選項melt“融化”;D選項vanish“消失,突然不見”。句意:小偷跑進(jìn)人群中,然后從視線中消失不見了。選項D符合句意。
23.翻譯題
PutthefollowingintoChinese.
Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.
Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.
Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—
targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.
【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭模式適用的情況下,行政機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此,奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱,反恐戰(zhàn)爭并沒有給行政機(jī)構(gòu)自由處理權(quán),讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提,那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法,要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進(jìn)行特定的程序控制,應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護(hù)的合法利益范圍;(b)評估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護(hù)這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。
對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性,減少錯誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財產(chǎn)的危險。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨立法官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤,并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯誤。
從更廣泛的意義上講,對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益,不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群,它可以阻止行政部門行使不負(fù)責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進(jìn)行殺戮。如果可能的話,我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個世界:中央情報局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力,以可能永遠(yuǎn)不會結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個人對于反對暴政都有明顯的興趣。
24.單選題
Mostpeopleinthenorthwantedto(
)slaverywhiletheslaveownersofthesouthheldthatslaveryshouldbeallowed.
問題1選項
A.extinguish
B.vanish
C.abolish
D.withdraw
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項extinguish“熄滅,壓制”;B選項vanish“消失”;C選項abolish“廢除”;D選項withdraw“撤退”。句意:大多數(shù)北方人想廢除奴隸制,而南方的奴隸主則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許奴隸制的存在。選項C符合句意。
25.單選題
Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen(
)withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.
問題1選項
A.embraced
B.adjusted
C.alternated
D.integrated
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項embrace“擁抱”;B選項adjust“調(diào)整”;C選項alternate“交替,輪流”;D選項integrate“使完整”。句意:這門課程吸引人的特點之一是實際工作與學(xué)科理論方面結(jié)合的方法。選項D符合句意。
26.單選題
Itisa(
)thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.
問題1選項
A.debate
B.dispute
C.dilemma
D.paradox
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項debate“辯論,討論”;B選項dispute“辯論,爭吵”;C選項dilemma“困境,進(jìn)退兩難”;D選項paradox“悖論,自相矛盾的人或事”。句意:在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人,這是一個多么矛盾的事情。選項D符合句意。
27.單選題
Theseseatsare(
)foroldandsickpeople.
問題1選項
A.conserved
B.deserved
C.preserved
D.reserved
【答案】D
【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項conserved“保存,保全”;B選項deserved“值得”;C選項preserved“保藏”;D選項reserved“保留”。句意:這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”,所以選項D符合句意。
28.單選題
Asbusinessincreased,theManagingDirectorhadtolearnto(
)work.
問題1選項
A.shun
B.define
C.delay
D.delegate
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項shun“避開”;B選項define“定義”;C選項delay“延遲”;D選項delegate“授權(quán),委托”。句意:隨著業(yè)務(wù)的增加,總經(jīng)理不得不學(xué)會委派工作。選項D符合句意。
29.單選題
Radarisusedtoextendthe(
)ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.
問題1選項
A.validity
B.liability
C.capability
D.intensity
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項validity“有效性,正確性”;B選項liability“責(zé)任,可能性”;C選項capability“才能,能力”;D選項intensity“強(qiáng)度”。句意:雷達(dá)是用來擴(kuò)展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力,特別是視覺感知能力。選項C符合語境。
30.單選題
Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.
Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.
Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.
ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.
Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist.MethodistandPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow.butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.
Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.But
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