2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號47

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

It’sour（

）thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.

問題1選項

A.confidence

B.conviction

C.recommendation

D.insurance

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項confidence“信心”；B選項conviction“確信”；C選項recommendation“推薦”；D選項insurance“保險”。句意：我們相信新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策會給公司帶來巨大的繁榮。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項cancel“取消”；B選項abolish“廢除，廢止”；C選項refuse“拒絕”；D選項reject“拒絕，排斥”。句意：人類開發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Ifyou（

）yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

問題1選項

A.conduct

B.dismiss

C.grant

D.moderate

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conduct“組織”；B選項dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理會，不予考慮”；C選項grant“授予”；D選項moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”。句意：如果你不考慮自己的需求，你將會有更多的機(jī)會獲得你想要的。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問題1選項

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項overlap“與…重疊”；B選項overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長”；D選項flutter“飄動，飛來飛去”。句意：如果你進(jìn)入一個充滿水的浴缸，水將會溢出到地板上。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項putthrough“接通，完成”；B選項turnout“結(jié)果是”；C選項giveup“放棄”；D選項cutshort“打斷，縮減”。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計劃，但我打斷了他。選項D更符合語境。

6.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.

Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconsiderthefacts,butwouldconsideronlythewishtoresolvethematter.An"invidiouscompromise"awardatthesame50%perunitreductionwouldbearnorelationtothedegreeofinferiorityandpotentialofuse.Thepurposeofarbitrationisnottopleaseallpartiestosomeextent;itistoreachadecisionwithdueregardtoallfactsandcircumstancespresentedintheHearing.

【答案】對那些對仲裁價值持保留意見的人來說，所謂的令人反感的妥協(xié)不是“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。確切的說，它是“不公正的妥協(xié)”。這意味著不考慮事情的優(yōu)點，但卻認(rèn)識到外在限制且拆分這其中的區(qū)別。這便是仲裁人權(quán)利的不當(dāng)使用。一旦這種情況出現(xiàn)，仲裁就會失敗。

一個例子可以區(qū)分可能發(fā)生于仲裁時的令人反感的“不公正的妥協(xié)”和看上去“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。假定事關(guān)一個用合約訂購了某種商品的買家，盡管收到了商品，但他認(rèn)為這些商品比訂購的質(zhì)量差。盡管他可以使用這些商品，但是他認(rèn)為自己不應(yīng)該付全款。他認(rèn)為每單位該商品應(yīng)該給1美元的補(bǔ)貼。但廠商即賣家質(zhì)疑產(chǎn)品劣質(zhì)的聲稱。在仲裁吋，仲裁人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)該商品有缺陷，但沒有達(dá)到買家聲稱的程度。鑒于提出的事實的原因，他可能裁決會每單位50%的降價或每單位50美分的補(bǔ)貼。在妥協(xié)里，這就屬于“不公正的妥協(xié)”，仲裁決定沒有考慮事實，而僅考慮去解決問題的愿望。一個裁決給予同樣每單位減少50%的“不公正的妥協(xié)”與產(chǎn)品缺陷度和可用度不會有關(guān)系。仲裁的目的不是去在某種程度上取悅每一方，而是去充分考慮聽證會上提出的所有事實和情況而做出決定。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”，依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后，未觸犯刑法的違法者，將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機(jī)動車的行為，要追究法律責(zé)任。

中國漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島，維護(hù)國家的合法權(quán)益。

打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，保護(hù)人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全。

依法行政是實現(xiàn)“中國夢”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

8.單選題

Itishis（

）.Ifthebikeisdamaged,hemustpay.

問題1選項

A.ability

B.liability

C.capacity

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項ability“能力，才能”；B選項liability“責(zé)任，債務(wù)”；C選項capacity“能力，資格”；D選項capability“能力，性能”。句意：這是他的責(zé)任。如果自行車壞了，他必須賠償。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Weliveinanunusualtimewithcorporatedownsizing,restructuring,andtheincreaseinglobalcompetition.Someviewthesetimesasproblematic,othersseetheincredibleopportunitiescreatedbysuchchange.

Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenahugegrowthinhome-basedandservice-industrybusinesses.Thesebusinesseshavebeenstartedbyindividualswiththecouragetopursuetheirdreams.Yet,foreveryideathatimplemented,thousandsofideasnevergetbeyondtheconceptualstagefromtheimaginationtoaplanofaction.

Whatholdspeoplebackfrompursuingtheirdreamsandactionsontheirgreatideas?Ibelieveit’sfearoffailure.Someoneoncesaid“therearealotofwaystobecomeafailure,butnevertakingachanceisthemostsuccessfulway..,I'vealsohearditsaidthatpeopledon'tplantofailtheyfailtoplan.

Companiesthesedaysmustbewillingtoandabletochangeconstantly.Sometimescompanieschangecoursetosurvive,andsometimestheydosobecauseanopportunityistoogoodtoresist.Iknowofasmallcompanythatprovidedamessengerserviceseveralyearsago.Asuddenmajorincreaseincorporateuseoffaxmachinesnearlyputthissmallcompanyoutofbusiness.Fortunately,theownerofthecompanywasastuteenoughtorealizeotherglobalcorporatetrendshappeningatthesametime.Asthosecompanieswereacquiringfaxmachines,squarefootageofofficespacewasdecreasing,generatinganeedformoreoffsitespace.Theownershiftedgearsfromofferingamessengerservicetoprovidinganoffsiterecordsstorageservice,andsoonbusinesswasboomingonceagain.

Itallcomesdowntoperspective.Whentherewasadownturnintheeconomy,somepeoplecouldsaytothemselves,“Thisisterrible!Withthedownturnintheeconomy,no-bodywillhaveabudgetformyservices.”O(jiān)R...whileothersthought,“Thisisgreat!Withthetighteningofthebudgetandthelossofsupportstaff,there'sanevengreaterneedforexecutives,professionals,andentrepreneurstobemoreproductiveandeffective,whichispreciselywhatI'mheretohelpthemdo!”

Asimportantaspositivementalattitudeis.Stonesaysthat“thereissomethingmoreimportantthanbelieving.Action!Theworldisfullofdreamers,therearen'tenoughwhowillmoveaheadandbegintotakeconcretestepstoactualizetheirvision.”

1.Themainreasonforanincreaseinbusinessesinthepasttenyearsis（

）.

2.Themosteffectivewayofbecomingafailureis

（

）.

3.TheauthorusestheexampleinParagraph4toillustratethat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismainlyexpressedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theincreaseinglobalcompetition

B.theincredibleopportunitiesintheworld

C.thatindividualsarecourageoustotaketherisk

D.thatmorepeopletrytorealizetheirgoals

問題2選項

A.neverpursuingadream

B.nevertakinganopportunity

C.nevermakingaplan

D.neverfailingtoplan

問題3選項

A.companiesshouldmakeconstantchangestomeetthecompetitioninordertosurvive.

B.itallcomesdowntoperspective

C.anideacanbetherootofgreatsuccess

D.economicsuccessdependsonchanges

問題4選項

A.Perspectiveisenoughtomakeprogress.

B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Positivementalattitudealongwithactioncanleadtosuccess

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inthepasttenyears”定位到第二段一二句“Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenahugegrowthinhome-basedandservice-industrybusinesses.Thesebusinesseshavebeenstartedbyindividualswiththecouragetopursuetheirdreams.在過去的十年里，以家庭為基礎(chǔ)的商業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)有了巨大的增長。這些企業(yè)是由有勇氣追求夢想的個人創(chuàng)辦的?！币簿褪钦f，最主要的原因是：更多的人有勇氣追求夢想，即試圖實現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)，所以選項D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“…therearealotofwaystobecomeafailure,butnevertakingachanceisthemostsuccessfulway…失敗的方式有很多，但從不抓住機(jī)會是最主要的方式?！边x項B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者在此舉例是為了說明第四段首句提出的觀點“Companiesthesedaysmustbewillingtoandabletochangeconstantly.如今的公司必須愿意并且能夠不斷地改變。”也就是說，為了生存，公司應(yīng)該不斷地做出改變以適應(yīng)競爭。選項A符合原文。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：與積極的精神狀態(tài)同樣重要的是行動!世界充滿了夢想家，但能勇往直前并付諸行動去實現(xiàn)自己夢想的人卻不多。只有將積極的精神狀態(tài)與行動結(jié)合才能取得成功。所以選項D為本文的主旨。

10.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項experiment“達(dá)到，實現(xiàn)”；B選項expertise“要求”；C選項witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項D更符合語境。

11.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”；B選項specimen“樣品，標(biāo)本”；C選項spectrum“光譜”；D選項sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項reconcile“調(diào)和，使一致”；B選comply“遵守，順從”；C選項coincide“一致，符合”；D選項resign“辭職”。句意：由于這對夫婦無法調(diào)和他們之間的分歧，他們決定離婚。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項decline“下降，衰退”；B選項vacancy“空缺”；C選項rarity“罕見，珍貴”；D選項shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解決國家勞動力短缺的辦法并不容易。選項D符合句意。

14.單選題

China’sresumingexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongandMacaois（

）ofChineseprosperity.

問題1選項

A.indulgent

B.indifferent

C.indignant

D.indicative

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項indulgent“放縱的，寬容的”；B選項indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C選項indignant“憤憤不平的”；D選項indicative“象征的”。句意：中國恢復(fù)對香港和澳門行使主權(quán)，象征著中國繁榮昌盛。選項D符合句意。

15.單選題

Livinginpoverty,shesoldfor1000dollarsthe（

）ofherfather’sfirstwork,whichmadehimfamous.

問題1選項

A.manuscript

B.document

C.file

D.duplicate

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項manuscript“手稿，原稿”；B選項document“文件”；C選項file“文件，檔案”；D選項duplicate“副本，復(fù)制品”。句意：由于生活貧困，她以1000美元的價格賣掉了她父親第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。選項A更符合語境。

16.單選題

Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.

Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.

Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.

Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.

Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.

1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe（

）.

2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis

（

）.

3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe

（

）.

4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings

（

）.

5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheMethodsofConstruction

B.TheContractingSystem

C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding

D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding

問題2選項

A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight

B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground

C.tostanduptowindpressure

D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity

問題3選項

A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse

B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse

C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding

D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding

問題4選項

A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures

B.Pillarsandcolumns

C.Concretewallsandframes

D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures

問題5選項

A.windpressures

B.stressescausedbyearthquakes

C.rainpressure

D.stressesofthebuildingitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段指出建筑有兩個主要的結(jié)構(gòu)功能以及兩種負(fù)載能力。下文接著講到了建筑承重的問題，由此可以推斷，本文主要講的是建筑原則，選項C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必須為人們提供躲避惡劣天氣的場所，并且必須將所有的貨物安全運送到地面?！敝挥羞x項B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.（建筑）結(jié)構(gòu)是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知，選項B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撐建筑物的主要結(jié)構(gòu)類型包括承重墻、框架和殼體結(jié)構(gòu)?！边x項D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑師必須設(shè)計出經(jīng)得起風(fēng)壓的建筑物。在日本等一些國家，建筑物還必須經(jīng)受起地震?！庇纱丝芍?，選項A和B均有提及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.靜載荷是建筑物本身的負(fù)載?！庇纱丝芍x項D在文中也有提及。只有選項C沒有提及，所以本題選C。

17.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

問題1選項

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項retail“零售，詳述”；B選項repel“擊退，抵制”；C選項retain“保持，固定”；D選項entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必須非常小心，這項工作對精確性要求極高。選項D符合句意。

18.單選題

Thetremorinhisvoice（

）hisnervousness.

問題1選項

A.affirmed

B.disguised

C.represented

D.revealed

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項affirm“肯定，斷言”；B選項disguise“偽裝，掩飾”；C選項represent“代表”；D選項reveal“揭露，顯示”。句意：他顫抖的聲音顯露出他的緊張。選項D符合句意。

19.單選題

TheMayorofthetownisa（

）oldman.

問題1選項

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項respective“分別的，各自的”；B選項respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項respectable“值得尊敬的”；D選項respecting“關(guān)于”。句意：這個鎮(zhèn)的市長是個可敬的老人。選項B符合句意。

20.單選題

Hehasspentallthemoneyandmadeno（

）forthefuture.

問題1選項

A.proverb

B.provision

C.prospect

D.province

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項proverb“諺語，格言”；B選項provision“規(guī)定，條款，供應(yīng)品”；C選項prospect“前途，預(yù)期”；D選項province“領(lǐng)域，職權(quán)”。句意：他花光了所有的錢，沒有為將來做準(zhǔn)備。選項B符合句意。

21.單選題

Ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.Theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday'sdial-upmodems.Withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.

Thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.Costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.Moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

Twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.Theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.Low—earthorbit(LEO)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth'ssurface.Buttheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefast---movingLEOsatellites.

Bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.Specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.

Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.Digitalsubscriberline(DSL)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.Localmultipointdistributionservice(LMDS)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.Cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.Fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.ForuptoonethirdofthepopulationintheU.S.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedEXCEPT（

）.

3.Whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?

4.Whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?

問題1選項

A.SatelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheInternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.

B.Satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.

C.Satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.

D.Ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.

問題2選項

A.narrowradiobeamswillbeused

B.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetaken

C.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.

D.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

問題3選項

A.Becauseitisfixedallthetime.

B.Becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.

C.Becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.

D.Becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.

問題4選項

A.SatellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheInternet.

B.TotransmittheDSLsignalswithoutdelay.

C.Theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.

D.Lowcost

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.衛(wèi)星靜止不動的以先進(jìn)的地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)也難以匹敵的方式提供交互式寬帶服務(wù)。”選項C符合原文。根據(jù)第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新發(fā)送來自地面天線的無線電傳輸?！边x項D符合原文。只有選項B在文中沒有提及，所以不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知選項B正確；以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.該系統(tǒng)將在極高的無線電頻率下運行，它們將使用能夠與超小型天線通信的窄無線電波束，這種天線可以很容易地安裝在大多數(shù)家庭中?！边x項A和C符合原文；選項D中的“signals”與原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步衛(wèi)星將以與地球自轉(zhuǎn)相同的速度繞赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的軌道運行，因此從地面上看是靜止的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句“Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.寬帶的一個不為人知的小秘密是地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)的技術(shù)限制將嚴(yán)重限制其實效性。”接下是進(jìn)行具體的舉例說明，最后提及：衛(wèi)星技術(shù)將不僅僅是被選擇，而是必須選擇。所以由此推斷，最后一段的重點是強(qiáng)調(diào)衛(wèi)星可以提高互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可用性。選項A正確。

22.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問題1選項

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項peril“危及，置...于險境”；C選項melt“融化”；D選項vanish“消失，突然不見”。句意：小偷跑進(jìn)人群中，然后從視線中消失不見了。選項D符合句意。

23.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭模式適用的情況下，行政機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此，奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱，反恐戰(zhàn)爭并沒有給行政機(jī)構(gòu)自由處理權(quán)，讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提，那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法，要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進(jìn)行特定的程序控制，應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護(hù)的合法利益范圍;(b)評估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護(hù)這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。

對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性，減少錯誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財產(chǎn)的危險。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨立法官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯誤。

從更廣泛的意義上講，對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益，不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群，它可以阻止行政部門行使不負(fù)責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進(jìn)行殺戮。如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個世界：中央情報局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力，以可能永遠(yuǎn)不會結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個人對于反對暴政都有明顯的興趣。

24.單選題

Mostpeopleinthenorthwantedto（

）slaverywhiletheslaveownersofthesouthheldthatslaveryshouldbeallowed.

問題1選項

A.extinguish

B.vanish

C.abolish

D.withdraw

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項extinguish“熄滅，壓制”；B選項vanish“消失”；C選項abolish“廢除”；D選項withdraw“撤退”。句意：大多數(shù)北方人想廢除奴隸制，而南方的奴隸主則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許奴隸制的存在。選項C符合句意。

25.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項

A.embraced

B.adjusted

C.alternated

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項embrace“擁抱”；B選項adjust“調(diào)整”；C選項alternate“交替，輪流”；D選項integrate“使完整”。句意：這門課程吸引人的特點之一是實際工作與學(xué)科理論方面結(jié)合的方法。選項D符合句意。

26.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項debate“辯論，討論”；B選項dispute“辯論，爭吵”；C選項dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個多么矛盾的事情。選項D符合句意。

27.單選題

Theseseatsare（

）foroldandsickpeople.

問題1選項

A.conserved

B.deserved

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項conserved“保存，保全”；B選項deserved“值得”；C選項preserved“保藏”；D選項reserved“保留”。句意：這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”，所以選項D符合句意。

28.單選題

Asbusinessincreased,theManagingDirectorhadtolearnto（

）work.

問題1選項

A.shun

B.define

C.delay

D.delegate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項shun“避開”；B選項define“定義”；C選項delay“延遲”；D選項delegate“授權(quán)，委托”。句意：隨著業(yè)務(wù)的增加，總經(jīng)理不得不學(xué)會委派工作。選項D符合句意。

29.單選題

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

問題1選項

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項validity“有效性，正確性”；B選項liability“責(zé)任，可能性”；C選項capability“才能，能力”；D選項intensity“強(qiáng)度”。句意：雷達(dá)是用來擴(kuò)展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力，特別是視覺感知能力。選項C符合語境。

30.單選題

Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.

Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.

Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.

ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.

Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist.MethodistandPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow.butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.

Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.But