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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand()toexpressedthoughts.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dilemmas
B.countenances
C.concessions
D.junctions
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)退兩難的局面,困難的選擇”;B選項(xiàng)“面容,臉色”,如:asadcountenance(愁容);C選項(xiàng)“讓步”;D選項(xiàng)“連接處,匯合處”,句意:通過觀察別人眼睛的即時(shí)和短暫的反應(yīng)和()來表達(dá)思想,我們可以更好地理解他們。題干想表達(dá)的含義是“短暫的反應(yīng)和臉色來表達(dá)思想”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.單選題
Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence()abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.soared
B.mutated
C.plummeted
D.fluctuated
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“飆升,驟然上升”;B選項(xiàng)“突變,變成”;C選項(xiàng)“驟降,暴跌”;D選項(xiàng)“上下波動(dòng)”,句意:根據(jù)最新的報(bào)告,上個(gè)月消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)()驚人的15點(diǎn),達(dá)到了9年來的最低水平。既然說了是最低水平,那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個(gè)點(diǎn)”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.單選題
Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.
Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.
Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.
Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.
Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.
Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一廂情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.
Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”
1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans().
2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby().
3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?
4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence().
5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards
B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays
C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings
D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.itsgrowingwealth
B.theself-centerednessofindividuals
C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges
D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Greatmobility
B.Emphasisonindividualeffort
C.Concernforone’sneighbors
D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.assomethingunheardof
B.attractedalotofpublicattention
C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence
D.begantoappearinanalysts’data
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”
B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights
C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice
D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans(道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長期以來一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國人的注意。)后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對于這個(gè)很開心,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到,因此排除。
2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.(美國社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。)從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國社會(huì)最大的障礙,也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚,和財(cái)富本身的增長沒有直接聯(lián)系,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated(挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估),這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism,但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change,因此屬于偷換概念,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段,根據(jù)篇章分析對這一段的說明,這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象,因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降,因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。
3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她說,這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體,在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中,鄰居們互相照顧。)由此可見,對鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)“對鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.(隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng),以及如此多的夫妻都在工作,這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱,取而代之的是對自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。)這里提到了高流動(dòng)性,高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化,鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長,也就無法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系,當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料??梢哉fA是造成B和D的原因之一(另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班,也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往),而B和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此A、B、D不對。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers(數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國人正艱難應(yīng)對問題聞所未聞的1950年代,如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。)開頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,美國人正在同許多問題做斗爭,這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞(unheardof),suchas表示例舉,說明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子,由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反,bynomeans,絕非;rare,極少,雙重否定等于肯定,也就是說班級暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生,是錯(cuò)誤的;B的說法與A相互矛盾,既然聞所未聞,也就不可能投入關(guān)注;D有一定迷惑性,按照句意,班級暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中,因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意,題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s,也就是說班級暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞,當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段,Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety(除非人們找到對抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法,否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。)因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的,B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。
4.單選題
Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.confirm
B.achieve
C.match
D.exaggerate
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn),確定”;B選項(xiàng)“完成,達(dá)到”;C選項(xiàng)“匹配,適合,匹敵”;D選項(xiàng)“夸張,夸大”;題干中rival“競爭對手,同行者,匹敵”,句意:他們的成就超出了他們的夢想,為他們的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都無法匹敵的魔力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.單選題
TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir()benefitandprogress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.common
B.mutual
C.same
D.cooperative
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)common“普通的;一般的”,B選項(xiàng)mutual“共同的;相互的,彼此的”,C選項(xiàng)same“同樣的;一樣的”,D選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的;合作社的”;原句:東西方可以為各自的()利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn),句子想要表達(dá)的意思是:共同的利益,而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個(gè)含義的,它有各自為戰(zhàn),卻又有共同之處的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.填空題
Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate(靈長類)todisappearinmorethan100years.
Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.
Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.
Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持續(xù)的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.
Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.
____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.
____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.
____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.
____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.
____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.
【答案】F
F
T
F
T
【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.(當(dāng)我們的人口在2000年開始時(shí)超過了60億,仍然遍布各大洲,每天都有幾十種動(dòng)物和植物滅絕,包括100多年來第一個(gè)滅絕的靈長類動(dòng)物。)可以看得出動(dòng)植物物種都在減少,因此題干錯(cuò)誤。
2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.(沒有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖,洪水和干旱將會(huì)更頻繁和嚴(yán)重。)可以看出目前并沒有證據(jù)證明是人口增多引起的,因此題干錯(cuò)誤。
3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.(在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里,人類盡其所能控制自然。我們在河流上筑壩,砍伐森林,耗盡土壤。)通過這句話可以得出題干是正確的。
4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.(新世紀(jì)的目標(biāo)是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對人類是自然的一部分,而不是主人的理解程度。)因此可以看出,可持續(xù)發(fā)展指的并不是題干所說的“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將充分利用自然資源”,而是人類要意識到自己要和大自然共同發(fā)展,因此題干錯(cuò)誤。
5.根據(jù)全文來看,作者一直都是在說明現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的惡劣,以及人類的責(zé)任重大,需要和自然好好相處,因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環(huán)境保護(hù)問題。題干表達(dá)正確。
7.單選題
MynieceAliceis()inherwayoflivingandalwaysspendsmoremoneythanisreasonable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.luxurious
B.distinguished
C.extravagant
D.sophisticated
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的,豐富的,放縱的”;B選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的,著名的,高貴的”;C選項(xiàng)extravagant“奢侈的,浪費(fèi)的,過度的”,更加傾向于具體的行為舉止;D選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的,精致的,久經(jīng)世故的”。句意;我的侄女愛麗絲生活(),總是亂花錢。而這里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.單選題
Frankstormedintotheroomand()thedoor,butitwasn’tthateasytoclosethedooronwhatJackhadsaid.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.slashed
B.slammed
C.slipped
D.slapped
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slashed“削減”;B選項(xiàng)slammed“砰地關(guān)上,猛烈抨擊”;C選項(xiàng)slipped“滑動(dòng)”;D選項(xiàng)slapped“侮辱,拍擊,摑……耳光”。句意:弗蘭克沖進(jìn)房間,_____的一聲關(guān)上了門,但要把杰克說的話關(guān)起來可不容易。這里是“砰的一聲把門關(guān)上的意思”,只有B選項(xiàng)可以表達(dá)這個(gè)意思,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.單選題
In()timeshumanbebeingsdidn’ttravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.prime
B.primitive
C.primary
D.preliminary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“最好的”;B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,遠(yuǎn)古的”;C選項(xiàng)primary“最初的”;D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的,開始的”。句意:在()時(shí)代,人類旅行不是為了消遣,而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。這句話表達(dá)的含義是“在原始時(shí)代……”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.寫作題
Directions:“Stayhungry,stayfoolish”wasquotedbySteveJobs,theformerCEOofAPPLE,atcommencementaddressatStanfordUniversity.Writeanessaywith300wordstopresentyourunderstandingofthestatement.
【答案】略
11.單選題
Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine()planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.cycling
B.whirling
C.surrounding
D.orbiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cycling“騎腳踏車消遣,騎腳踏車兜風(fēng)”;B選項(xiàng)whirling“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)surrounding“周圍的,附近的”;D選項(xiàng)orbiting“盤旋;繞軌道運(yùn)行”。句意:與九顆()太陽運(yùn)行的行星相比,太陽是非常大的,而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“軌道行星”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis()withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.astonishing
B.flourishing
C.exaggerating
D.diminishing
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)astonishing“令人驚訝的”;B選項(xiàng)flourishing“繁榮的,繁茂的”;C選項(xiàng)exaggerating“夸張的,夸大的”;D選項(xiàng)diminishing“逐漸縮小的,遞減的”。句意:隨著人們生活水平的提高,健康和美容行業(yè)正(),產(chǎn)品比以往任何時(shí)候都更加精致。這里表達(dá)的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.翻譯題
現(xiàn)在西方國家的有志之士都認(rèn)識到,不同文明之間應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)共存,而不應(yīng)因文化上的不同而走向沖突以致戰(zhàn)爭。他們認(rèn)為,不同民族和國家可以通過文化交往與對話取得某種“共識”,也即有一個(gè)從“不同”到某種意義上相互“認(rèn)同”的過程。這種相互“認(rèn)同”是在兩種不同文化中尋找交匯點(diǎn),并在此基礎(chǔ)上推動(dòng)雙方文化的發(fā)展,這正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。
【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.
14.單選題
Peeringthroughthedarkness,thetravelercould()lightsinthedistanceandthenhedoubledhispace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceive
B.discern
C.recognize
D.visualize
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“理解,認(rèn)知,感覺”;B選項(xiàng)discern“隱約可見,覺察出,識別”;C選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出,識別”;D選項(xiàng)visualize“形象,形象化”。句意:透過黑暗,旅行者可以()遠(yuǎn)處有燈光,于是他加快了腳步。這里因?yàn)槭峭高^黑暗,所以應(yīng)該是“隱約可見燈光”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.單選題
Atthepartywefoundthattheshygirl()hermotherallthetime.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dependingon
B.coincidingwith
C.adhering
D.clingingto
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)dependingon“取決于,根據(jù)”;B選項(xiàng)coincidingwith“符合,與……一致”;C選項(xiàng)adhering“附著”;D選項(xiàng)clingingto“堅(jiān)持,依靠,依附”。句意:在聚會(huì)上我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)害羞的女孩一直()她的母親。通過判斷句意可以得知意思應(yīng)該是“小女孩很害羞,所以一直挨著媽媽”,只有C選項(xiàng)可以表達(dá)這種具象的依靠,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.單選題
Thisyoungman,()withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obsessed
B.negotiated
C.compromised
D.provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obsessed“著迷,糾纏”;B選項(xiàng)negotiated“談判,協(xié)商”;C選項(xiàng)compromised“妥協(xié),連累”;D選項(xiàng)provided“提供,給予”。句意:這個(gè)年輕人,_____追求物質(zhì)上的滿足,除了錢什么都不關(guān)心??疾榱斯潭ù钆鋙bsesswith“癡迷于某事”,而這里也是說的年輕人癡迷于物質(zhì),因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
17.單選題
Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever()achancetopracticehisChinese.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.passedon
B.passedup
C.passedby
D.passedout
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“向前移動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)移”;B選項(xiàng)“某人拒絕,放過機(jī)會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)“機(jī)會(huì)等從……旁邊過去”;D選項(xiàng)“分發(fā),分配”,句意:湯姆在中國待了兩個(gè)月,從來()機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)中文。本句想表示的是“從不放過學(xué)習(xí)英語的機(jī)會(huì)”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.單選題
Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.boundaries
B.restraints
C.confinements
D.limitations
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)boundaries“邊界,界限”;B選項(xiàng)restraints“限制,禁止”;C選項(xiàng)confinements“監(jiān)禁”;D選項(xiàng)limitations“局限性,(限制)因素”。句意:盡管計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它決不是沒有()。通過題干可以看出這里表達(dá)的意思是“計(jì)算機(jī)雖然優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多,但是也會(huì)有局限性”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
19.單選題
Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼臉型圖)procedures.”
Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.
Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.
Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.
Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.
Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.
1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat().
2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat().
3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?
4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?
5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily
B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift
C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen
D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces
B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces
C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces
D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.
B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.
C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.
D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.
B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.
C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.
D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight
B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals
C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain
D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.(能準(zhǔn)確地描述一個(gè)人的面容這種天賦是很罕見的,每一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的警官都知道這一點(diǎn)。)因此D選項(xiàng)“很少有人能給出一張臉的外貌的確切細(xì)節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人能令人滿意地辨認(rèn)人臉是不尋常的”不夠準(zhǔn)確;B選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地識別面孔的能力是一種不尋常的天賦”是推斷出來的,而不是文章直接的陳述;C選項(xiàng)“有些人能想象他們所見過的面孔”不是原文所提到的。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.(然而,奇怪的是,對于我們是如何以及為什么會(huì)有這種識別和記憶面孔的天賦這一基本問題,卻鮮有人關(guān)注。)因此B選項(xiàng)“人們很少思考我們是如何以及為什么獲得識別和記憶面孔的能力的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們有驚人的能力來識別超過1000張面孔”,在第二段第一句話Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.(然而,據(jù)某專家稱,我們每個(gè)人可能都能識別1000多張面孔,其中大多數(shù)在細(xì)節(jié)上都有所不同。)是專家說的,并不是作者覺得好奇的;C選項(xiàng)“人們沒有意識到識別面孔的能力對他們來說是多么重要和有價(jià)值”,文章沒有提到;D選項(xiàng)“人們一直在爭論人們認(rèn)識和記憶的方式”,這個(gè)也不是作者覺得好奇的點(diǎn)。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.(因此,有些人認(rèn)為這是天生的,“大腦區(qū)分面孔的能力有特殊的特點(diǎn)”。)因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“是人類特有的特征之一”,B選項(xiàng)“它在出生后不久就獲得了”,與原文不符;D選項(xiàng)“它是從我們的環(huán)境和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)來的”,這是另一種觀點(diǎn),但不是最先的。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.(它是多么重要和有價(jià)值,直到我們遇到那些被剝奪了能力的人,我們才會(huì)意識到。)因此可以推斷出B選項(xiàng)“沒有它,正常的日常生活就不可能了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它在日常生活中是有用的,但不是必要的”與原文意思不符;C選項(xiàng)“在某些情況下,沒有它我們就無法生存”,原文沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“沒有它,正常的社會(huì)生活將很難”,屬于過度推斷。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.(這種不幸的無法識別大眾都熟悉面孔的能力,但通常可以通過他們的聲音、走路方式或眼鏡來識別個(gè)人。)因此A選項(xiàng)“識別個(gè)體的能力不僅依賴視覺,還依賴其他感官”正確。B選項(xiàng)“視覺對于識別個(gè)體是必不可少的”,這個(gè)不是文章想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的;C選項(xiàng)“識別面孔的能力是大腦天生的一種特殊能力”,不符合文章意思;D選項(xiàng)“人們充分認(rèn)識到人臉識別能力的重要性”,不是原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的;文章最后一段是想說明,哪怕有的人沒有這種能力,他也可以通過其他的感官來感知。
20.單選題
Peopleunderalotof()mayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.stress
B.exposure
C.endurance
D.endeavor
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stress“壓力”;B選項(xiàng)exposure“曝光”;C選項(xiàng)endurance“忍耐力”;D選項(xiàng)endeavor“努力,盡力”。句意:()大的人可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷頭痛、輕微疼痛和睡眠困難。原句要表達(dá)的意思是“壓力大的人會(huì)頭痛……”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
21.單選題
Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.Therefore,itisimportanttorememberthatyourobjectiveduringtheinterviewmaydifferfromtheobjectiveofthepotentialemployer.Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterviewer’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyou,buttohiretherightpersonforthejob.
Remember,jobhuntingisverycompetitive.Anythingyoucandotoenhanceyourinterviewtechniqueswillbetoyouradvantage.Thefollowingsuggestionsmayhelpyoulandthemostimportantjob.
Yourgoalinthisinterviewistomakesureyourgoodpointsgetacross.Theinterviewerwon’tknowthemunlessyoupointthemout,sotrytodothisinafactualandsinceremanner.
Don’tsayanythingbadaboutyourformeremployers.Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.
Showtheinterviewerthatyouareinterestedinthecompanybyaskingrelevantquestions.Askaboutresponsibilities,workingconditions,promotionopportunitiesandfringebenefits(附加福利)ofthejobyouareinterviewingfor.
Ifathomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchtogain.Itmaybewell,oritmaybeatesttoseehowyoureacttoadverseconditions.
Someinterviewersmaybringupsalaryearlyintheinterview.Atthistime,youmayindicatethatyouaremoreinterestedinajobwhereyoucanproveyourselfthanaspecificsalary.Thispolitelypassesthequestionbacktotheinterviewer.Iftheinterviewercontinuestopress,givehimarangeorsuggestthegoingrateforaparticularjob.Ifpossible,youshouldnegotiateforsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.
1.Togetthejobyouwant,duringtheinterviewyoushould().
2.Ifyoudidnotgetalongwithyourformeremployer,you().
3.Whenyoufindtheinterviewisnotgoingwellyoushould().
4.Thebesttimetodiscussyoursalaryis().
5.Themostimportantthingtododuringaninterviewis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.avoidtheinterviewer’squestionsthataredesignedtotripyou
B.rememberthatyouarethebestqualifiedcandidate
C.makeyourselfstandoutastherightpersonforthejob
D.keepinmindthatitdetermineswhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.shouldtelltheinterviewerfrankly
B.shouldnotspeakillofhim
C.shouldrefertohiminafactualmanner
D.shouldnevermentionit
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.keepupyourconfidence
B.bringittoanendassoonaspossible
C.tellyourinterviewerhowyoureacttoadversecondition
D.tellyourselfyouhavemuchtogainandnothingtolose
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.whenyouhavebeenofferedthejob
B.attheendoftheinterview
C.afteryouhavecompletedthepaperwork
D.whentheinterviewerbringsthismatterup
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.tomakeyourstrengthsunderstood
B.toshowyourintenseinterestinthejobyouareapplyingfor
C.tobefrankandsincere
D.tobenaturalandconfident
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.(你想讓自己作為一個(gè)完整的人脫穎而出,這個(gè)人有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn),很有資格,應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是這份工作的合適人選)??芍诿嬖囍?,如果你想得到想要的工作,應(yīng)該讓自己作為工作的合適人員凸顯出來。因此C選項(xiàng)“讓你自己脫穎而出,成為這份工作的合適人選”正確。A選項(xiàng)在第一段Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterviewer’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyou(面試者的任務(wù)不是讓你尷尬或絆倒你),因此可以得知面試者并不會(huì)給你使絆子,A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)不正確,原文并沒有說過這個(gè),只是說要保持自信;D選項(xiàng)在第一段的第一句話有提到Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.(面試在找工作過程中是很重要的一件事,因?yàn)槟闩c面試官待上的二三十分鐘可能會(huì)決定你是否能得到你想要的工作。)但是這并不是作者認(rèn)為被面試者應(yīng)該銘記的事,因此D不正確。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Don’tsayanythingbadaboutyourformeremployers.(不要說前老板的壞話。)可以得知如果和前老板相處的不好,也不要說他的壞話,因此B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該說他的壞話”正確。A選項(xiàng)是在第四段Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.(如果你被解雇了,面試官問起這個(gè)問題,你要坦率地回答。)說的是如果被解雇了,則要坦率回答,和題干不符合,因此排除;C、D都并未提及,排除。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第六段Ifatsomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchtogain.(如果在某個(gè)時(shí)刻你覺得面試不順利,不要表現(xiàn)出你的沮喪。繼續(xù)表現(xiàn)出自信,你不會(huì)有什么損失,你可能會(huì)有很多收獲。)因此A選項(xiàng)“保持你的信心”正確。B、D雖然原文都有提及,但不是本題的信息點(diǎn),因此排除;C選項(xiàng)在第六段Itmaybewell,oritmaybeatesttoseehowyoureacttoadverseconditions.(它可能是好的,也可能是測試你對不利條件的反應(yīng)。)這只是一個(gè)推測,并且與如何在表現(xiàn)不好時(shí)做出回應(yīng)不相關(guān),排除。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Ifpossible,youshouldnegotiateforsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.(如果可能的話,你應(yīng)該在得到一份工作之后,在你準(zhǔn)備好去完成相關(guān)文件之后,再去談工資問題。)可以看出,作者認(rèn)為最好的談薪水的時(shí)間應(yīng)該是在你已經(jīng)收到了工作邀請之后,因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你得到這份工作的時(shí)候”正確。B選項(xiàng)未提及,無關(guān)項(xiàng)排除;C選項(xiàng)在最后一段youshouldnegotiateforsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.(你應(yīng)該在得到一份工作之后,在你準(zhǔn)備好去完成相關(guān)文件之后,再去談工資問題。)原文是說“準(zhǔn)備好去完成相關(guān)文件”,而不是完成了文件,因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,排除;D選項(xiàng)在最后一段Someinterviewersmaybringupsalaryearlyintheinterview.Atthistime,youmayindicatethatyouaremoreinterestedinajobwhereyoucanproveyourselfthanaspecificsalary(有些面試官可能會(huì)在面試一開始就提出薪水問題。此時(shí),你可以暗示與具體的薪水相比你更感興趣的是一份可以證明你自己的工作),從這里得知作者并不支持一開始就直接談薪水,因此D錯(cuò)誤,排除。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.(你想讓自己作為一個(gè)完整的人脫穎而出,這個(gè)人有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn),很有資格,應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是這份工作的合適人選。)以及第三段Yourgoalinthisinterviewistomakesureyourgoodpointsgetacross.Theinterviewerwon’tknowthemunlessyoupointthemout,sotrytodothisinafactualandsinceremanner.(在這次面試中,你的目標(biāo)是確保別人能理解你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。除非你指出來,否則面試官是不會(huì)知道的,所以你要盡量以事實(shí)和真誠的方式來表達(dá)。)通過這兩處可以看出,最重要的就是要讓自己的能力被理解、被面試官接收到,因此A選項(xiàng)“讓別人了解你的長處”正確。其余的B、C、D都是無關(guān)項(xiàng),不符合題意。
22.單選題
Itwasclearthatthestorm()hisarrivalbytwohours.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.retarded
B.retired
C.refrained
D.retreated
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retarded“延遲,阻止,妨礙”;B選項(xiàng)retired“退休,撤退,退卻”;C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制,克制”;D選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退,退避”。句意:很明顯,暴風(fēng)雨使他()了兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。本句表示的是“暴風(fēng)雨使他晚到了兩小時(shí)”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
23.單選題
SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife()forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearth
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