2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)57

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來作者將介紹完美理智的特點(diǎn)。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實(shí)上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了人們的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意見不一致，是因?yàn)樗季S方向不同，因此A選項(xiàng)“人生來就有著同樣的善意”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我從來沒有認(rèn)為我的頭腦比一般人更完美）可知D選項(xiàng)“他從未覺得自己的頭腦比一般人更完美”符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因?yàn)橹挥欣碇遣拍苁刮覀兂蔀槿?，才能使我們區(qū)別于野獸）可知D選項(xiàng)“理智”正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人們辨別是非的能力，就其本質(zhì)而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B選項(xiàng)“被平等地賦予所有人”正確。

2.單選題

IthoughtIsawwaterinthedistancebutitmusthavebeenanoptical（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perception

B.delusion

C.illusion

D.deception

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞辨析。perception“感知”；delusion“欺騙；錯(cuò)覺”；illusion“錯(cuò)覺；幻象”；deception“欺詐”，此句中有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，所以可知前面所說的看到水是一種幻覺，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)A、D；delusion所指的錯(cuò)覺通常是指心理上的誤解，所以此處應(yīng)該用illusion，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：我以為我看到了遠(yuǎn)處有水，但是這肯定是一種光影幻覺。

3.單選題

The（）ofallkindsofnecessarygoodswascausedbynaturalcalamity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.variety

B.scarcity

C.solidarity

D.commodity

【答案】B

【解析】同形詞辨析題。variety“多樣”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“團(tuán)結(jié)”；commodity“商品”；根據(jù)naturalcalamity“自然災(zāi)害”可知此處應(yīng)該說的是各種必需品的“缺乏”，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：各種必需品的缺乏是自然災(zāi)難造成的。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章，嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改善后的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)……選項(xiàng)A“造成了瀕危動(dòng)物的瀕臨滅絕”；選項(xiàng)B“干預(yù)了自然過程”；選項(xiàng)C“使參觀國家公園變得輕松愉快充滿活力”；選項(xiàng)D“拯救了洛基山國家公園中快要餓死的麋鹿”，根據(jù)文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，嚴(yán)格化的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改良的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)致大量的動(dòng)物擁擠在動(dòng)物密度非常大的地區(qū)，比如黃石公園的麋鹿”，根據(jù)此句可知其所帶來的影響是負(fù)面的，故可以排除選項(xiàng)C、D；選項(xiàng)A所表達(dá)的意思與此句相反，故錯(cuò)誤；所以正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，國家公園將不會(huì)再有快要餓死的麋鹿、被破壞的草地和奄奄一息的森林……選項(xiàng)A“政府采用更加嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物法”；選項(xiàng)B“國家公園管理局采用更多野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“重新恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”；選項(xiàng)D“我們繼續(xù)改善我們的自然環(huán)境”。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”國家公園管理局必須改變他們的管理優(yōu)先級(jí)來阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加和恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程，不讓公園停滯不前或者隨著時(shí)間死去，可知“阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加”和“恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”是兩個(gè)有效的解決辦法，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)這篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量的激增也是由于什么造成的，選項(xiàng)A“采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“國家公園數(shù)量的增加”；選項(xiàng)C“國家公園游客的減少”；選項(xiàng)D“20世紀(jì)對(duì)瀕危動(dòng)物的過度開發(fā)”，根據(jù)第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”國家公園管理局在20世紀(jì)早期采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策，因此失去了對(duì)野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量激增的一個(gè)原因，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以推斷出作者……選項(xiàng)A“支持現(xiàn)有的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“欣賞現(xiàn)有的管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“認(rèn)為應(yīng)該改變自然的力量”；選項(xiàng)D“強(qiáng)烈支持自然進(jìn)程”，作者在這篇文章中表示了對(duì)國家公園管理局采取的對(duì)國家公園的管理措施的批判，認(rèn)為其干預(yù)了自然的進(jìn)程，于是破壞了生態(tài)的平衡，所以作者是支持自然進(jìn)程的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)這篇文章，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？選項(xiàng)A“20世紀(jì)，公園管理者干擾了森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”；選項(xiàng)B“食肉動(dòng)物不應(yīng)該被消除”；選項(xiàng)C“防蟲會(huì)造成森林的過熟”；選項(xiàng)D“森林中當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重的損害是由火災(zāi)造成的”，選項(xiàng)A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根據(jù)文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整個(gè)20世紀(jì)國家公園中嚴(yán)重的森林火災(zāi)和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，改變了自然環(huán)境”，可知火災(zāi)和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，所以選項(xiàng)C正確，排除；根據(jù)“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.許多國家公園中麋鹿數(shù)量的急劇增加造成了當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重破壞”，可知造成蔬菜破壞的是麋鹿數(shù)量的增加，故選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫克的立場時(shí)，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實(shí)體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兏静魂P(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個(gè)極為精確的個(gè)體形象，由此可以推測出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步被泄露了，因此B選項(xiàng)“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細(xì)、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會(huì)回避他們認(rèn)為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對(duì)這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說著很注重隱私，但是他們的實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻不是這樣的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人說他們關(guān)心隱私，但實(shí)際上他們并沒有足夠重視這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個(gè)人對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護(hù)的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項(xiàng)“提高隱私保護(hù)意識(shí)”符合題意。B、C選項(xiàng)過于片面，D選項(xiàng)不符合文意，均可排除。

6.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.routine

B.nutrition

C.provision

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)routine“慣例”；B選項(xiàng)nutrition“營養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)provision“規(guī)定，條款”；D選項(xiàng)expense“開銷，費(fèi)用，損失，代價(jià)”。句意：無論你是為了吃而活，還是為了活而吃，食物都是每個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算當(dāng)中一項(xiàng)主要的開銷。根據(jù)后半句提到的family’sbudget家庭預(yù)算，可知該處選擇D選項(xiàng)expense“開銷”符合句意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;staminahelps,asdoesacapacityforobsession.Butnooneisbornagoodquarreler;thecraftmustbelearned.

Therearetwogenerallyrecognizedapprenticeships.First,anduniversallypreferred,isalongchildhoodspentinthecompanyoffractioussiblings.Afterseveralyearsofrainyafternoons,brothersandsistersdevelopasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.

Theonlychild,orthechildofpeacefulorrepressedhouseholds,islikelytogrowupfailingtounderstandthatquarrels,unlikearguments,arenotaboutanythingleastofallthepursuitoftruth.Theapparentsubjectofaquarrelisamerepretext;therealbusinessisthequarrelitself.

Essentially,adversariesinaquarrelareouttoestablishorrescuetheirdignity.Ifencetheelementaryprinciple:anythingmaybesaid.Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.Toolate!Withacheerfulwavetheoldacquaintancehaslefttheroom.

Thosewhomisstheirfirstapprenticeshipmaycaretoenrollinthesecond,thebadmarriage.Thiscanbeperilousfortheneophyte;themutualintimacyofspousesmakesthematoncemorevulnerableandmoredangerousinattack.Oncesexisinvolved,thestakesarehigherallround.

Andthereisanunspokenrulethatthosewholove,orhaveloved,oneanotheraregrantedalicenseforunlimitedbeastlinesssuchasisdeniedtomereswornenemies.Forallthat,someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfifeandmasteredeverythrow,fromtheCrushingSilencetotheGloatingApology,inlessthantenyearsofmarriage.

Aquarrelmaylastyears.AmongbroodingtypesKithtimeontheirhands,likewriters,halfalifetimeisnotuncommon.Initsmostrefinedform,aquarrelmayconsistoftheparticipantsnottalkingtoeachother.Theywillneedtoschemelaboriouslytoappearinpublictogethertoregistertheirsilence.

Brief,violentquarrelsarealsoknownasrows.Inallcasestheessentialingredientremainsthesame;theoriginalcausemustbeforgottenassoonaspossible.Fromhereon,dignity,pride,self-esteem,honoratethecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession.Forthequarrelersveryself-hoodisonthefine.Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis;buttobecrushedinaquarrel...ratherbiteoffyourtongueandspreaditatyouropponents’feet.

1.Unschooledquarrelersaresaidtobeatadisadvantagebecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,quarrelsbetweenmarriedcouplesmaybe（）.

3.Whenquarrellingbothchildrenandmarriedcouplesmay,accordingtothewriter（）.

4.Thedifferencebetweenaquarrelandanargumentissaidtobethat（）.

5.Inthepassageasawhole,thewritertreatsquarrellingasifitwere（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirinsultsfailtooffendtheiropponent

B.theyrevealtheirnervousnesstotheiropponent

C.theysufferfromremorseforwhatthey’vesaid

D.theyareapprehensiveaboutspeakingtheirminds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.physicallyviolent

B.extremelybitter

C.essentiallytrivial

D.sincerelyregretted

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beparticularlybrutal

B.usepolitenessasaweapon

C.employskillfulmaneuvers

D.exaggeratetheirfeelings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theformerinvolvesindividualegos

B.theformerconcernsstrongpointsofview

C.thelatterhaswell-establishedmiles

D.thelatterconcernstrivialissues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.amilitarycampaign

B.asocialskill

C.amoralevil

D.anaturalgift

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。沒上過學(xué)的吵架者在吵架中不占優(yōu)勢的原因是，選項(xiàng)A“他們的羞辱不能激怒對(duì)手”；選項(xiàng)B“他們在對(duì)手面前表現(xiàn)出緊張”；選項(xiàng)C“他們對(duì)自己說的話感到悔恨”；選項(xiàng)D“他們害怕表露自己的心聲”，根據(jù)文章第四段中“Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.沒怎么受過教育的人，同樣也跟其他人一樣熱衷于吵架，他們會(huì)花上很長的時(shí)間捶胸頓足，不斷回想自己是怎么激怒了老熟人而陷入了他的騙局”，由此可知這些沒上過學(xué)的人在吵架的時(shí)候因?yàn)闆]什么技巧，激怒別人之后就陷入了別人挖的坑里，于是他們不停的回想，不停的后悔自己所說的話，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，已婚夫婦之間的爭吵也許會(huì)……選項(xiàng)A“劇烈的身體攻擊”；選項(xiàng)B“極度的尖酸刻薄”；選項(xiàng)C“基本上很瑣碎”；選項(xiàng)D“真誠的道歉”，根據(jù)文章第六段的首句話“相愛的或者曾經(jīng)相愛的人之間存在著一種不言而喻的規(guī)定，他們允許對(duì)方無限制的使用傷人的語言，就像是兩個(gè)不共戴天的仇人一樣?！备鶕?jù)這句話我們可以知道已婚夫妻之間的爭吵會(huì)非常的尖酸刻薄，表現(xiàn)得像兩個(gè)不共戴天的仇人一樣，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:小孩子和已婚夫婦之間吵架的共同點(diǎn)是什么，選項(xiàng)A“特別的野蠻”；選項(xiàng)B“把禮貌當(dāng)作一種武器”；選項(xiàng)C“運(yùn)用非常有技巧的策略”；選項(xiàng)D“夸大感覺”，根據(jù)文章中分別對(duì)小孩子吵架和夫妻吵架的描寫，小孩子“developasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.明確的知道在最高級(jí)的吵架中技巧和戰(zhàn)略的必要性”，由此可知小孩子的吵架非常注重技巧與戰(zhàn)略；文章第六段在提及夫妻吵架之后接著說道“someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfife持久的吵架黑帶通常在比較晚的時(shí)候練成；inlessthantenyearsofmarriage不超過婚后十年的時(shí)間”，可知作者想表達(dá)的是婚后，夫妻會(huì)變得非常擅于吵架，婚后的吵架會(huì)使他們練就吵架的技巧，這個(gè)從“黑帶”一詞可以體現(xiàn)出來，所以小孩子和已婚夫婦兩者在吵架上的共同點(diǎn)就是非常具有技巧或者策略，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第4題:推理判斷題。吵架和爭論之間的區(qū)別是什么，選項(xiàng)A“前者涉及個(gè)人自尊心”；選項(xiàng)B“前者關(guān)心強(qiáng)硬的觀點(diǎn)”；選項(xiàng)C“后者建立了良好的規(guī)則”；選項(xiàng)D“后者涉及細(xì)小的問題”；根據(jù)文章最后一段中對(duì)于吵架的描寫“dignity,pride,self-esteem,honorandthecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession尊嚴(yán)，驕傲，自尊，榮譽(yù)和其他關(guān)鍵問題是消耗所有精力的堪稱專業(yè)的工作，它們解釋了為什么說吵架就和妒忌一樣”，這說明吵架是涉及個(gè)人的自尊心的，而對(duì)于爭論的描寫“Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis輸?shù)粢粓鰻幷撝皇瞧痰氖?，就像輸?shù)粢粓鼍W(wǎng)球比賽一樣”，由此可知爭論不會(huì)涉及個(gè)人的自尊心，簡單的只是一種專業(yè)知識(shí)或者其他個(gè)人能力的較量，所以吵架和爭論最大的區(qū)別就是吵架是涉及個(gè)人自尊心的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第5題:推理判斷題?？v觀全文，作者描寫吵架就像描寫……選項(xiàng)A“一場軍事行動(dòng)”；選項(xiàng)B“一門社會(huì)技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“一種不好的品德”；選項(xiàng)D“一種自然天賦”，作者在描寫吵架的時(shí)候多處強(qiáng)調(diào)了吵架的技巧與戰(zhàn)略，以及吵架技巧的兩個(gè)養(yǎng)成階段，仿佛吵架就像一門技術(shù)一樣，需要我們練習(xí)與學(xué)習(xí)；作者還舉了在社交場合吵架的例子，有技巧的人會(huì)贏，沒有技巧的會(huì)輸，強(qiáng)調(diào)了吵架這門技術(shù)的社會(huì)性，所以作者是在像描寫一種社會(huì)技術(shù)一樣的在描寫吵架這門學(xué)問，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

8.單選題

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausting“使人筋疲力盡的”；C選項(xiàng)favorite“最受喜愛的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”。句意：在一場使人筋疲力盡的巡回演唱會(huì)之后，這位女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松。根據(jù)句意女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡所以才想要放松。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflowershapeandsize,colorandscent.AndnowLeonardandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbumblebeesarealsosensitivetopollen.

Theyfoundthatoutbylacingbatchesofcherrypollenwitheithertablesugarorbitterquinine.Andtodisplaythepollentobees,“Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.”Andfortheanther—themaleflowerpart,whichpresentsthepollen—pipecleaners.“SoweboughtoutMichael’scraftstoresuppliesofthesepipecleanersandusedtheminourexperiments.”

Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.Butwhenconfrontedwiththebitterpollen,theysoughtadifferentcoloredflowerfortheirverynextstop.Allofwhichsuggeststhat,inadditiontosavoringnectar,beestastepollentoo—andjudgeflowersbyit.TheresultsareinthejournalBiologyLetters.

Thefindingmeansthatplantshavetofindahappymedium:“Socanyoumakeyourpollenattractiveenoughthatthebeeswillcollectit,butdistastefulenoughthattheywon’tcollecttoomuchofit?”Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準(zhǔn)化學(xué))—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorcompareaflowerfieldto?

2.Whyarebeesdescribedasnectarexperts?

3.WhatareusedtopresentthepollenbyAnneandhercolleaguesintheirexperiments?

4.Howdobeeschoosewheretovisitinaflowerfieldaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhatdoAnneandhercolleagues’researchfindingssuggest?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TimesSquare.

B.Acommodity.

C.Abillboard.

D.Ashopper.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyareabletodetectdifferencesinsugarlevelsofnectar.

B.Becausetheyarecapableofdiscerningdifferenttypesofflowers.

C.Becausetheyknowinstinctivelywheretocollectmorenectar.

D.Becausetheycoulddistinguish