2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)74

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Foryearsthetwinbrothershavebeen（）watches,rings,anddiamondsintheneighboringcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sheltering

B.smuggling

C.supervising

D.speculating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sheltering“保護(hù)，掩蔽”；B選項(xiàng)smuggling“走私”；C選項(xiàng)supervising“監(jiān)督，管理，指導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)speculating“投機(jī)，猜測”。句意：多年來，這對(duì)孿生兄弟一直在鄰國走私手表、戒指和鉆石?？崭窈筇岬降膚atches,rings,anddiamonds手表、戒指和鉆石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品，還涉及了neighboringcountries鄰國，B選項(xiàng)smuggling“走私”最恰當(dāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要各種集中控制的措施，因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

（2）此外，顯而易見，一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān)，而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

（3）由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，世界各地的人們都有了新的需求，接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

（4）在早期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個(gè)世紀(jì)，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

（5）由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移（現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對(duì)容易）引發(fā)的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測是天文學(xué)類書籍，所以D選項(xiàng)“一本天文學(xué)書籍的序言”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“科幻小說的序言”，科幻小說對(duì)象不正確；B選項(xiàng)“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書籍……”不符；C選項(xiàng)“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類在天文學(xué)方面的研究擴(kuò)展和特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)作者寫第一段的目的是“來解釋今天天文學(xué)的背景和新特征”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)討論太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是簡單介紹并未詳細(xì)討論，所以A錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“說明今天的世界與一代人以前在許多方面不同”，只是說明研究的新進(jìn)展，并不是世界的不同；D選項(xiàng)“引進(jìn)一些新建立的空間站”與題意不符。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文學(xué)為所有人提供了冒險(xiǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是一種向外探索的推進(jìn)，也許有一天，它會(huì)被視為一種替代選擇，取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭，以控制一個(gè)封閉、有限的地球上日益減少的資源?！盇選項(xiàng)“在其他行星上永久定居的實(shí)現(xiàn)”原文并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“更多的干擾不僅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“地球上的秩序、和諧與和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭”進(jìn)而可以維護(hù)地球秩序和諧和平，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“所有人有機(jī)會(huì)在太空旅行”與題意不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他們學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)的部分原因可能是為了尋找科學(xué)和其他人類活動(dòng)之間的聯(lián)系：哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、環(huán)境行為，甚至是藝術(shù)和宗教?！庇纱丝芍?，研究天文學(xué)還可以更多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。所以B選項(xiàng)“通過天文學(xué)的研究，可以更多地了解人類及其在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)看不見的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合題意；C選項(xiàng)“不再關(guān)心天文事實(shí)”與原文敘述相反；D選項(xiàng)“比上一代的學(xué)生聰明得多”沒有比較無法體現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由劃線句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖對(duì)這些發(fā)展做出回應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍?，“這些發(fā)展”所包括的內(nèi)容是前文已經(jīng)提及的。A選項(xiàng)“全世界參與太空探索”和B選項(xiàng)“人類在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C選項(xiàng)“今天的天文學(xué)學(xué)生獲得的關(guān)于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有講述；D選項(xiàng)“科幻小說和電影特效的發(fā)展”，文章主要是講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，并沒有詳細(xì)闡述科幻小說和電影的發(fā)展，所以D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。因此此題選擇D選項(xiàng)。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AndresearcherssaythatlikethoseliteraryromanticsRomeoandJuliet,theymaybeblindtotheconsequencesoftheirquestsforanidealizedmatewhoservestheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.Nearly19in20never-marriedrespondentstoanationalsurveyagreethatwhenyoumarryyouwantspousetobeyoursoulmate,firstandforemostaccordingtotheStateofourUnions:2001studyreleasedWednesdaybyRutgersUniversity.

DavidPopenoe,aRutgerssociologistandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saidthatviewmightspelldoomformarriages.“Itreallyprovidesaveryunrealisticviewofwhatmarriagereallyis,”Popenoesaid.“Thestandardbecomessohigh,it’snoteasytobailoutifyoudidn’tfindasoulmate.”

Thesurveypointstoafundamentaldilemmainwhichyoungerpeoplewantmorefromtheinstitutionofmarriagewhiletheyseeminglyareunwillingtomakethenecessarycommitments.

Thesurveyalsosuggeststhatsomerespondentsexpecttoomuchfromaspouse,includingthekindofemotionalsupportrenderedbysamesexfriends.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatthegenerationthatwaspolledmaymorequicklyleaveamarriagebecauseofinfidelitythanpastgenerations.

Popenoesaidthepoll,conductedbytheGallupOrganization,isthefirstofitskindtoconcentrateonpeopleintheir20s.Atotalof1,003marriedandsingleyoungadultsnationwidewereinterviewedbytelephonebetweenJanuaryandMarch.Themarginoferrorwasplusorminusfourpercentagepoints.

Respondentssaidtheyeventuallywanttogetmarried,realizeit’salotofworkandthinktherearetoomanydivorces.Theybelievethereisonerightpersonforthemouttheresomewhereandthinktheirownmarriageswon’tendindivorce.

Sincethepollisthefirstofitskind,researcherssayitisimpossibletosayifexpectationsaboutmarriagearechangingorstatic.

Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration—andthelastcentury—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility.“Onehundredyearsago,peoplemarriedforfinancialreasons,fortyingfamiliestogether,theymarriedforpoliticalreasons,”SaidJohnDeLamater,asociologistattheUniversityofWisconsin.“Andmostpeoplehadchildren.”

ThoseconditionsarenolongerthecaseforyoungadultslikeDavidAsher,a24-yearwaiterinaTrentoncafewhohasbeeninarelationshipforabouttwoyears.Hewantstowaittomakesurehe’sreadytochangevows“Iknowalotofithastodowithfinancialreasons,”hesaid.“Maybeifyou’regoingtohavechildren,marriageisthebestbet.”Butthemainreasonformatrimony.“Ifyou’reinlovewithsomeone,it’ssortoflikepromisingtothemyouareinlove.”

That’sallwellandgood,saidHeatherHelms-Erikson,anassistantprofessorofhumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatGreensboro,butpassionpartlyinendorphin—causedphysiologicalphenomenon—hasbeenknowntodiminishintime.

1.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?

2.Thenewstudyinthispassageshowsthat（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmarriage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthedifferencesbetweenthisgenerationandthepastgenerationsasfarasmarriageisconcerned?

5.WhichofthefollowingsentenceswillHeatherHelms-Eriksonusetoillustrateherownargument?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MarriageScholarsWorrySearchfor“SoulMates”isunrealistic

B.PeopleShouldSeekforRomanticLovelikeRomeoandJuliet

C.MarriageShouldHappenbetweenSoulMates

D.Searchfor“SoulMates”ShouldbesupersededbyReality

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.manyAmericanareverypracticalwhentheysearchforaspouse

B.American20-somethingshavealargelyromanticviewofmarriage

C.Romanticviewofmarriagemightleadmarriagetoahappyending

D.Americansarefondofmarriagelifesotheywillnotcarecohabitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusuallyinvolvesidealizedmateswhocanservetheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.

B.Itmaynotberealizedunlessthecoupleconsidercarefullyabouttheirresponsibilityandcommitment.

C.Itbecomesmoreunrealisticnowadaysthaninthepastbecausemostpeoplecenteronromanceinsteadofutility.

D.Itresultsfrommanyreasonssuchasfinancialreasons,familyreunion,apoliticalreasons.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyoungpeoplenowadaysrequiremorefrommarriagebuttheyseemnottobewillingtomakenecessarycommitments.

B.Thisgenerationexpectstoomuchfromtheirspouseandtheycannotkeeptobefaithfullytotheirhusbandsorwives.

C.Theyoungpeopleatpresentpaymoreattentiontolookforsoulmatesthanthepastgenerationswhentheysearchofpartners.

D.Nowsomeyoungpeopleusuallymarryforthesamereasonsastheoldergenerationssuchasfinancialonesandchildren.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tenyearsintoamarriage,youwillstillhavegreatpassionandyounoticesometoneelseandsay,“Onlymywifeorhusbandismysoulmate.”

B.“Theromanticpartofmarriagewhileitcanbethere—shouldnotbesubstitutedbyotherthingssuchassharedvaluesandsocialstatus.”

C.“Thecoupleshouldfocusonthe‘threeCs’—communication,conflictresolutionandcommitmenttomakemarriagethefirstpriority.”

D.“Tenyearsintoamarriage,youdon’thavethatanymoreandyounoticesomeoneelseandthinkmaybethispersonismysoulmate.”

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。這篇文章最佳標(biāo)題是什么？選項(xiàng)A婚姻研究者擔(dān)心尋找“靈魂伴侶”這種想法很不現(xiàn)實(shí)；選項(xiàng)B“人們應(yīng)該尋找像羅密歐和朱麗葉那樣的愛情”；選項(xiàng)C“婚姻是靈魂伴侶之間的事”；選項(xiàng)D“和靈魂伴侶的婚姻最終會(huì)被現(xiàn)實(shí)打敗”，本文中，作者主要介紹了關(guān)于年輕人對(duì)于婚姻的態(tài)度問題的一個(gè)調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示許多年輕人都?jí)粝霌碛徐`魂伴侶，通過對(duì)年輕人的婚姻態(tài)度問題進(jìn)行分析之后，文章最后一段表明，有研究者表示婚姻中的熱情會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而消失，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C；而選項(xiàng)D所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)又過于絕對(duì)，所以正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第2題:主旨大意題。這篇文章中新的研究表明了什么，選項(xiàng)A“許多美國人在尋找配偶時(shí)非常的物質(zhì)”；選項(xiàng)B“20多歲的美國年輕人有著非常浪漫的婚姻觀”；選項(xiàng)C“羅曼蒂克式的婚姻觀也許會(huì)帶來幸福的婚姻”；選項(xiàng)D“美國人非常熱衷婚姻生活，所以他們不會(huì)在乎同居”，選項(xiàng)A所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)與研究結(jié)果相悖，許多美國人在尋找配偶時(shí)不是非常的物質(zhì)，而是抱著非常浪漫的想法；選項(xiàng)C不屬于研究表明的觀點(diǎn)，在最新的研究中，研究者表現(xiàn)出對(duì)于浪漫的婚姻觀的擔(dān)憂，而不是贊成；選項(xiàng)D文章沒有提到，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:推理判斷題?？梢酝茢喑鲎髡邔?duì)于以下關(guān)于婚姻的看法中最有可能同意哪個(gè)？選項(xiàng)A“它通常發(fā)生在可以滿足彼此生理和心理需求的理想伴侶之間”；選項(xiàng)B“如果夫妻不認(rèn)真考慮他們的責(zé)任和承諾的話，婚姻將很難維持”；選項(xiàng)C“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人注重愛情而不是物質(zhì)，這讓婚姻相比過去而言，變得更加不現(xiàn)實(shí)”；選項(xiàng)D“婚姻是由許多因素共同決定的，比如經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，家族團(tuán)結(jié)和政治原因”，文章中作者只是站在一個(gè)客觀的角度來講述年輕人的婚姻觀和影響婚姻的一些因素，并沒有主觀的傾向哪一種婚姻，所以選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C可以排除，因?yàn)榍罢邇A向于靈魂伴侶，后者傾向于物質(zhì)婚姻；選項(xiàng)D所表達(dá)的只是在過去人們結(jié)婚的原因，作者并沒有表示贊成；選項(xiàng)B所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)在的年輕人對(duì)待婚姻所存在的問題，所以最有可能是作者贊成的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。以下哪一點(diǎn)不是這一代與上一代關(guān)于婚姻的看法的差別？選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)在的年輕人要求從婚姻中獲得很多，但是他們似乎不愿做出承諾”；選項(xiàng)B“這一代人期待從配偶那里獲得很多，然而他們并不能對(duì)自己的丈夫或者妻子保持忠誠”；選項(xiàng)C“現(xiàn)在的年輕人相比上一代人尋找同伴而言他們更多的關(guān)注尋找靈魂伴侶”；選項(xiàng)D“現(xiàn)在的年輕人和老一輩一樣因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)因素和孩子而結(jié)婚”，選項(xiàng)A、B和C都在文章中有體現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)D的表達(dá)與文章第8段中“Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration—andthelastcentury—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility.但是學(xué)者表明尋找靈魂伴侶這種想法超過了上一輩——以及上個(gè)世紀(jì)——婚姻變成了愛情的殿堂而不是物質(zhì)”，從此處我們可以看出現(xiàn)在的年輕人更多的是因?yàn)閻矍槎Y(jié)婚，所以選項(xiàng)D的表述錯(cuò)誤，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第5題:推理判斷題。HeatherHelms-Erikson會(huì)用以下哪些話來證明她的觀點(diǎn)？選項(xiàng)A“結(jié)婚十年后，你依然對(duì)婚姻充滿激情，而且你會(huì)聽到有人說，之后我的妻子或者丈夫是我的靈魂伴侶”；選項(xiàng)B“婚姻中的愛情不應(yīng)該被其他東西所取代，比如相同的價(jià)值觀和社會(huì)地位”；選項(xiàng)C“夫妻應(yīng)該關(guān)注原則溝通，沖突解決辦法和承諾，以保持婚姻的優(yōu)先權(quán)”；選項(xiàng)D“結(jié)婚十年后，你不再有熱情了，當(dāng)你遇到另一個(gè)人然后你會(huì)認(rèn)為也許這個(gè)才是我的靈魂伴侶”，做題之前我們必須清楚HeatherHelms-Erikson這個(gè)人表達(dá)了什么觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)最后一段我們認(rèn)為她所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是：因?yàn)閻矍槎Y(jié)婚是件很好的事情，但是激情會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而消失。所以我們要從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能證明“激情會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而消失”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，所以分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思可知正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

5.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)tookafter“相像，效仿”；B選項(xiàng)tookin“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)tookon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；D選項(xiàng)tookover“接管，借用”。句意：當(dāng)杰克28歲時(shí)，他接管了這個(gè)小書店，在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個(gè)連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，與之可以相對(duì)應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項(xiàng)tookover，意為接管了商店。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；B選項(xiàng)reluctance“勉強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)repentance“悔改，后悔”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率結(jié)婚通常容易導(dǎo)致將來后悔。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇C選項(xiàng)repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫克的立場時(shí)，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實(shí)體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兏静魂P(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個(gè)極為精確的個(gè)體形象，由此可以推測出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步被泄露了，因此B選項(xiàng)“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細(xì)、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會(huì)回避他們認(rèn)為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對(duì)這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說著很注重隱私，但是他們的實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻不是這樣的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人說他們關(guān)心隱私，但實(shí)際上他們并沒有足夠重視這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個(gè)人對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護(hù)的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項(xiàng)“提高隱私保護(hù)意識(shí)”符合題意。B、C選項(xiàng)過于片面，D選項(xiàng)不符合文意，均可排除。

8.單選題

Therebelarmy（）thedemocraticgovernmentofthecountrylawlessly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overthrew

B.overtook

C.overturned

D.overruled

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；趕上”；overturned“推翻；傾覆”；overruled“駁回；否決”，根據(jù)rebelarmy“叛軍”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此處應(yīng)該是指叛軍推翻了民主政府，所以答案從選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C之間選；overturn主要是指某種具體事物在位置上的顛倒，或者是指推翻某種已有的理論或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某種制度或者機(jī)構(gòu)，所以此處用overthrow比較恰當(dāng)，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

9.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；B選項(xiàng)onbehalfof“代表”；C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時(shí)候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個(gè)成年人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

IthoughtIsawwaterinthedistancebutitmusthavebeenanoptical（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perception

B.delusion

C.illusion

D.deception

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞辨析。perception“感知”；delusion“欺騙；錯(cuò)覺”；illusion“錯(cuò)覺；幻象”；deception“欺詐”，此句中有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，所以可知前面所說的看到水是一種幻覺，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)A、D；delusion所指的錯(cuò)覺通常是指心理上的誤解，所以此處應(yīng)該用illusion，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：我以為我看到了遠(yuǎn)處有水，但是這肯定是一種光影幻覺。

11.單選題

Chineseproductsenjoyhighinternationalprestigebecauseoftheir（）quality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctive

B.indisputable

C.indispensable

D.indistinguishable

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。indistinctive“無特色的”；indisputable“無可爭議的，不爭的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；indistinguishable“不能區(qū)別的”，由此句中的“prestige”可以知道中國產(chǎn)品享有如此聲譽(yù)是因?yàn)樗鼈兊馁|(zhì)量很好，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能用來形容這種質(zhì)量的形容詞只有indisputable，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意是：中國的產(chǎn)品享有非常高的國際聲譽(yù)是因?yàn)樗鼈儫o可爭議的質(zhì)量。

12.單選題

Duetorapidgrowthofpopulationandlongperiodofdrought,someAfricancountriesoftensufferfrom（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feminism

B.famine

C.fatigue

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feminism“女權(quán)主義”；B選項(xiàng)famine“饑荒”；C選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想”。句意：由于人口的快速增長和長期的干旱，一些非洲國家經(jīng)常遭受饑荒。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿丝诳焖僭鲩L和長期干旱，可知后半句中不好的結(jié)果合適的是饑荒。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Haveyouthoughtwhatthe（）mightbeifyoudidn’twinyourcaseincourt?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applications

B.connotations

C.implications

D.complications

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。applications“應(yīng)用；試用”；connotations“內(nèi)涵；含義”；implications“含義”；complications“并發(fā)癥；難題”，根據(jù)ifyoudidn’twinyourcase“如果你沒有贏得官司”，可知此處要表達(dá)的意思是會(huì)遇到難題、困境，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞complications，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：你有沒有想過如果你沒有贏得這場官司，你將會(huì)面臨何種難題？

14.單選題

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overlooked“忽略”；B選項(xiàng)observed“觀察，注意到”；C選項(xiàng)scanned“掃描，細(xì)看，瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)surveyed“調(diào)查”。句意：這完全取決于你是否買那幢別墅了，但我的建議是，在決定之前，你必須仔細(xì)檢查一下。根據(jù)提到的“買別墅”這件事，可知此處應(yīng)該是建議要好好檢查房子，其他選項(xiàng)觀察或者調(diào)查都不太合適，scan這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，有表示仔細(xì)檢查的意思，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN（）andotherinternationallaws.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Charter

B.Constitution

C.Concordance

D.Custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Charter“憲章”；Constitution“憲法；體制；章程”；Concordance“調(diào)和；一致”；Custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的詞與laws意思相近，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的國家都應(yīng)該在基于聯(lián)合國章程和其他國際法律的基礎(chǔ)上采取措施抵制恐怖主義，這是一個(gè)共識(shí)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

16.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經(jīng)過”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語義邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)日程計(jì)劃，但是到目前為止它還沒有一個(gè)合適的模式。

17.單選題

Itisessentialtobeonthe（）foranysignsofmovementintheundergrowthsincetherearepoisonoussnakesinthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guard

B.care

C.alert

D.alarm

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知此處要填一個(gè)詞與beonthe...for構(gòu)成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能與之構(gòu)成搭配，beonthealertfor是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是beonguardfor，guard的前面不需要加定冠詞the，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇alert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（給……換尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo