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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe(

).

問題1選項

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英;精華”;disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”,thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”;reactionaries“反動派”;dissatisfied“不滿意的;不高興的”。句意:在社會穩(wěn)定時期,很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院被教條主義者牢牢地控制,以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對應(yīng)知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學(xué)院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

2.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax,asatellitefromtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite’scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshuttlein1984.max’sobservationsindicatethatsolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.Thesatellite’sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationintheSun’senergyoutput,generallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsontheSun’sdisk.SunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun'ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargesunspotgroups.In1980,forexample,SolarMax’sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timesthantheEarth'ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed,however,bycomparingSolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whyisitnotpossibletomeasurethesolarconstantaccuratelywithoutasatellite?

2.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

3.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas(

).

4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.TheEarthistoofarfromtheSun.

B.SomeareasonEarthreceivemoresolarenergythanothers.

C.Thereisnotenoughsunlightduringtheday.

D.TheEarth’satmosphereinterfereswiththesunlight.

問題2選項

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax'sinstrumentsweregettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolarMax’sdetectors.

問題3選項

A.ongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

問題4選項

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到“Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃粒子吸收和散射陽光,阻止某些波長的光到達地面。”可知D項“地球的大氣層干擾陽光?!狈项}意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由本文的最后一段,“AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.盡管SolarMax的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,太陽的產(chǎn)出在緩慢而穩(wěn)定地下降,但一些科學(xué)家認為,隨著時間的推移,衛(wèi)星上老化的探測器可能變得不那么敏感,從而錯誤地顯示出太陽常數(shù)的下降?!毙l(wèi)星探測器由于歷經(jīng)時間較長,對太陽常數(shù)的敏感度有所下降??芍狢項“SolarMax的探測器變老舊了”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.太陽常數(shù)的長期變化更難確定。”可知對太陽常數(shù)測量的嘗試被認為是持續(xù)的一種研究過程,因此科研人員想要測量太陽常數(shù)的努力還需要繼續(xù)。A項符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。本篇文章作者主要闡述的是在科學(xué)家研發(fā)出太陽衛(wèi)星后,可以對太陽常數(shù)的恒量測出比較精確的值,但是測量的過程中有其他外界因素的干擾,從而導(dǎo)致測量結(jié)果不是那么準確。可知C項“測量太陽常數(shù)的變化”正確。

3.單選題

Iteliminatesthecomplicated(

),donothavetospendtimearoundfriends,youjustneedtositathomeandcaneasilybecompleted.

問題1選項

A.engagement

B.date

C.itinerary

D.appointment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。engagement約會;date日期itinerary路線,旅程;appointment任命。句意:它除去了繁瑣的行程安排,不必花時間和朋友在一起,你只需要坐在家里就可以輕松完成。根據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可知,空格處應(yīng)填C。

4.單選題

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof(1)anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman

(2)

inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave

(3)

himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many

(4)

judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis

(5)

oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand

(6)

allhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he

(7)

languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He

(8)

totakepartinthenationalist

(9)

likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

(10)

interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken

(11)

ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe

(12).

Whenhegraduatedin1902,he

(13)

hewouldbecomeawriterandan

(14)

,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone

(15)

theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting

(16)

,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,

(17)

thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall

(18)

tobecomeinvolvedinpopular

(19)

orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin

(20)

andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

問題1選項

A.investigating

B.constructing

C.depicting

D.experiencing

問題2選項

A.nature

B.method

C.surrounding

D.figure

問題3選項

A.performed

B.magnified

C.exaggerated

D.made

問題4選項

A.wearing

B.worn

C.critics

D.takingoff

問題5選項

A.mastery

B.acquisition

C.familiarity

D.acquaintance

問題6選項

A.unscripted

B.illuminated

C.documented

D.wrote

問題7選項

A.attempted

B.persuaded

C.studied

D.undertook

問題8選項

A.accepted

B.refused

C.persevered

D.admitted

問題9選項

A.movement

B.revolution

C.campaign

D.challenge

問題10選項

A.passionately

B.addicted

C.fascinated

D.unconcerned

問題11選項

A.journals

B.articles

C.argumentations

D.paintings

問題12選項

A.primary

B.artificial

C.rendered

D.original

問題13選項

A.sensed

B.knew

C.presented

D.suggested

問題14選項

A.exile

B.imprisonment

C.obtrude

D.expire

問題15選項

A.without

B.withstand

C.withdraw

D.withhold

問題16選項

A.mutably

B.truthfully

C.ephemerally

D.filially

問題17選項

A.about

B.hither

C.within

D.beneath

問題18選項

A.tabernacles

B.reiteration

C.temptations

D.reimbursement

問題19選項

A.recognition

B.publication

C.impact

D.opinion

問題20選項

A.tranquility

B.poverty

C.exhilaration

D.matriculation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】(1)考查動詞詞義辨析。investigate“調(diào)查;研究”;construct“建造,創(chuàng)立”;depict“描述”;experience“經(jīng)驗;體驗”。由anIrishnovelist與anovel可知B項符合語義。答案B。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。nature“性質(zhì)”;method“方法”;surrounding“環(huán)境”;figure“數(shù)字”。由portrayal及human可知這里指代人物本性。答案A。

(3)考查動詞詞義辨析。perform“執(zhí)行”;magnify“放大”;exaggerate“使擴大;使增大”;make“制造;形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案為D。

(4)考查動詞及名詞詞義辨析。wearing“穿著”;worn“疲倦的;用舊的”;critics“評論家;吹毛求疵的人”;takingoff“測量;減退”。由judge可知C項符合題意,答案C。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。mastery“掌握”;acquisition“獲得”;familiarity“熟悉”;acquaintance“熟人;知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A項正確,答案A。

(6)考查動詞詞義辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”;illuminate“闡明;照亮”;document“用文件證明”;

write“書寫;寫信給”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D項正確,答案D。

(7)考查動詞詞義辨析。attempt“企圖,嘗試”;persuade“說服;勸說”;study“學(xué)習(xí);細察”;undertake“承擔(dān);從事”。由“inDublinCollege及“l(fā)anguages可知C項正確。答案C。

(8)考查動詞詞義辨析。accept“接受;容納”;refuse“拒絕;抵制”;persevere“堅持;不屈不撓”;admit“承認;準許進入”。由“but”可知這里指代“拒絕參加”。答案B。

(9)考查固定搭配。movement“運動;運轉(zhuǎn)”;revolution“革命;運行”;campaign“運動”;challenge“挑戰(zhàn);懷疑”。由歷史常識“愛爾蘭有反對英國統(tǒng)治的民族主義運動歷史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A項符合題意。答案A。

(10)考查副詞及形容詞詞義辨析。passionately“熱情地;激昂地”;addicted“沉溺于”;fascinated“著迷的”;unconcerned“不關(guān)心的;無憂慮的”。interestedinliterature中interested為形容詞,需用一個副詞來修飾interested,A項符合題意。答案A。

(11)考查名詞詞義辨析。journal“日報,日記”;article“文章;條款”;argumentation“論證;辯論”;painting“繪畫”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B項符合題意。答案B。

(12)考查形容詞詞義辨析。primary“主要的;基本的”;artificial“仿造的”;rendered“已渲染的”;original“原始的;新穎的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知這里指代“閱讀易卜生用挪威語寫的原著”,故答案D。

(13)考查動詞詞義辨析。sense感覺到;know“知道”;present“提出;呈現(xiàn);贈送”;suggest“提議;暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B項符合題意,答案B。

(14)考查動詞及名詞詞義辨析。exile“流放,離鄉(xiāng)背井者”;imprisonment“監(jiān)禁;坐牢”;obtrude“逼使;強迫”;expire“呼出(氣體),排出”。由awriter可知這里應(yīng)填名詞,由此排除C項與D項;再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在國外”知“離鄉(xiāng)背井者”符合,故答案A。

(15)考查介詞及動詞詞義辨析。without“沒有”;withstand“抵擋;反抗”;withdraw“撤退;撤銷”;withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”與“theother”分別指代一種身份知空格處應(yīng)填一個表示“沒有”意思的介詞,故本題答案選項為A。

(16)考查副詞詞義辨析。mutably“無常地”;truthfully“誠實地”;ephemerally“短暫地”;filially“孝順地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“誠實地”符合題意,答案B。

(17)考查介詞和副詞詞義辨析。about關(guān)于;大約”;hither“到這里;在這里”;within“在······之內(nèi)”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本題答案為A。

(18)考查名詞詞義辨析。tabernacle“臨時房屋;神龕”;reiteration“重復(fù);重說”;temptation“引誘;誘惑物”;reimbursement“退還;賠償”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular(

)orpubliclife可知本題答案C。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“承認,認出;公認”;publication“出版;出版物”;impact“影響”;opinion“意見,觀點”。由orpubliclife可知D項正確,答案D。

(20)考查名詞詞義辨析。tranquility“寧靜;平靜”;poverty“貧窮;困難”;exhilaration“興奮;歡欣”;matriculation“入學(xué)考試;錄取入學(xué)”。由obscurity可知本題答案為B。

5.單選題

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareinterestedinarrangingtimeforexercisesand(

)toreleasethestresscausedbythefastpaceandpressureoftheirlives.

問題1選項

A.registration

B.illumination

C.mediation

D.meditation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。registration登記;掛號;illumination照明;闡明;mediation調(diào)解;調(diào)停;meditation冥想;沉思。句意:如今越來越多的人對安排時間鍛煉和冥想感興趣,為了釋放生活的快節(jié)奏所帶來的精神壓力。只有D項符合題意。

6.單選題

Johnsonneverscrupledtoignorethestandardsofdecentconductmandatedbycompanypolicyif(

)compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso,whatevertheeffectsonhissubordinates.

問題1選項

A.deigned

B.feigned

C.literal

D.halfhearted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和形容詞詞義辨析。deign賜予;feign假裝;裝作;捏造;想象;literal文字的;字面上的;halfhearted不認真的;不熱心的;無興趣的。句意:如果在字面上對上司指令的服從讓自己能夠去忽視公司政策所頒布的得體的行為標(biāo)準,那么不論對下屬有什么樣的影響,John都會從未有所顧忌地去這樣做。由Johnsonneverscrupledtoignore…與compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso可知“字面上的”符合。

7.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter(

).

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

).

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

).

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof(

).

問題1選項

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問題2選項

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問題3選項

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問題4選項

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來說,他的模仿者必須達到自然的柔美和微妙,一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?!笨芍cC項相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上,紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主?!笨芍髡哒J為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨白中描述的罕見人物”??芍摼渲蠦osola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進行對比。故B項正確,

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻;onomatopoeia擬聲;exaggeration夸張;paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣,Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾,他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項正確。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管美國的制造業(yè)就業(yè)崗位長期流失,但由于在飛機和高科技設(shè)備等高價值的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等方面能力卓越,美國的制造業(yè)方面仍處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。與此同時,中國的主要產(chǎn)品還是低成本的服裝和消費類電子產(chǎn)品。在產(chǎn)品價值方面美國的產(chǎn)品占世界制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的20%以上,大約是中國的兩倍。中國的人口眾多,國民人均產(chǎn)值僅為美國的1/7;在居民生活水平方面,中美兩國的差距就更大了,中國家庭產(chǎn)品的平均消費只有美國的1/14。

【答案】Despitealonghistoryoflostmanufacturingjobs,theU.S.leadstheworldinmanufacturingbecauseofitsabilitytodevelopandproducehigh-valueproductslikeairplanesandhigh-techequipment.Meanwhile,China'smainproductsarelow-costclothingandconsumerelectronics.Intermsofvalue,theUnitedStatesproducesmorethan20percentoftheworld'smanufacturingoutput,abouttwiceasmuchasChina.ChinahasalargepopulationanditspercapitaGDPisonly1/7ofthatoftheUnitedStates.Intermsoflivingstandards,thegapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisevenwider,withtheaveragehouseholdproductconsumptioninChinabeingonlyone-14thofthatintheUnitedStates.

9.單選題

Thequantumtheorystates(

),aslight,isgivenoffandabsorbedindefiniteunitscalledquantaorphotons.

問題1選項

A.energythat

B.thatitisenergy

C.itisenergy

D.thatenergy

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句。states是謂語,后面接一個句子做賓語。賓語從句需要一個引導(dǎo)詞that,另外賓語從句還缺少主語,故D項正確。句意:量子理論認為,能量,比如光,是以量子或光子的基本單位來釋放和吸收的。

10.單選題

Thereseemstobeno(

)thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s;indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

問題1選項

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。slaking消散,消化;reference參考,提及;decoration裝飾;soporific催眠劑。句意:閱讀群眾對20世紀60年代的書籍的渴望并沒有減少;事實上,由于受一連串的通俗電視紀錄片的影響,普遍的興趣還增加了。根據(jù)句意及前后關(guān)系可知A項正確。

11.單選題

Awar,eveniffoughtforindividuallibertyanddemocraticrights,usuallyrequiresthattheseprinciplesbesuspended,fortheyare(

)theregimentationanddisciplinenecessaryformilitaryefficiency.

問題1選項

A.contraryto

B.incompatiblewith

C.fulfilledthrough

D.disruptiveof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。becontraryto“與······相反”;befulfilledthrough“通過來實現(xiàn)”;beincompatiblewith“與······不兼容”;bedisruptiveof“對······造成破壞的”。句意:即使是為了個人自由和民主權(quán)力而戰(zhàn),戰(zhàn)爭通常要求這些原則被暫停,因為它們與作戰(zhàn)效率所需的嚴格控制和紀律不相容。由theseprinciplesbesuspended可知這些原則與作戰(zhàn)紀律不相容,故B項正確。

12.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment”accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

人力資源是社會發(fā)展的前提保證,勞動者的素質(zhì)要求是多元化的。在勞動技能和勞動方式上,社會對大家的要求可能不同,但是人的基本社會道德素養(yǎng)和文化修養(yǎng)對于社會而言是共同的一致需求。因此社會的發(fā)展要注意人的技能和知識水平提升的同時也要為人的道德和文化素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)提供氛圍和支持。

【答案】QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment

Humanresourceisthepremiseforsocialdevelopment,andthequalitiesoflaborarediversified.Itisvitalforimprovingtheoverallqualityoftheworkforcetopayattentiontoimprovethequalitiesofthesetwokinds:skillsandmethodsoflabor;socialmoralityandculturalcultivation.

Intermsofskillsandmethodsoflabor,peoplearerequireddifferently.Toaqualifiedphysician,oneshouldhaveagreatdealofprofessionalknowledgeonmedicalscienceandabundantinpracticalexperiences.Asweknow,inordertobeacertifieddoctor,amedicalstudentalwayshastostudyinmedicalinstituteforseveralyearsandthenworkasaninternshipforalongperiodbeforehecanpracticeindependently.Abusdrivermusthaveexcellentdrivingskillandgreatknowledgeoftransportation.Afashiondesignerissupposedtobegoodatdrawingandhavegoodsenseofbeauty.Differentkindsofworkrequiredifferentskillsandknowledge.

Butpeople,regardlessoftheirjob,shouldcomplywiththebasicrequirementofsocialmoralityandculturalcultivation.Socailmoralityisacodeofconductaboutwhatweshoulddoornotinordertosafeguardthesocialinterestsandstabilityofoursociety.Asnormalpeople,nomatterwhatkindsofjobwedo,weallneedtoobeythebasicsocialrules,suchasfulfillingourfilialduties,takingcareofchildren,beingkindtoothers,etc.

Inaword,thedevelopmentofsocietynotonlyneedputemphasisontheimprovementofpeople’sskillsandknowledgebutalsooughttoprovidesoundenvironmentforlaborers’moralandculturaldevelopment.Onlyinthisway,canoursocietybeprogressiveandharmonious.

13.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic''PersonalQualitiesandValuesinMyViewaccordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineedinChinese.

一個人的素養(yǎng)和價值是人生奮斗中發(fā)展和積累起來的一對因子。前者決定著你融入社會的個體形態(tài):諸如品行、學(xué)識、待人和處世的品味和方式;價值取決于你對社會產(chǎn)生的影響和貢獻,有隱性的受人尊重和愛戴,有顯性的成就和地位。請你從自己的感受和體驗談?wù)勀銓@對人生因子的評價和想法,也設(shè)想一下四十年后你會對自己的評價和總結(jié)。

【答案】

略14.單選題

Theabilitytorecognizefacesissoimportantinhumansthatthebrainappearstohaveanareasolelydevotedtothetask:thefusiformgyrus.

Brainimagingstudiesconsistently(1)thatthisregionofthetemporallobebecomesactivewhen

(2)

lookatfaces.Skepticshavecountered,however,thatthesestudiesshowonlya

(3)

,butnotproof,thatactivityinthisareaisessentialforface

(4)

.Now,thankstothewillingnessofanintrepid

(5)

,anewstudyprovidesthefirstcause-and-effect

(6)

thatneuronsinthisareahelphumansrecognizefaces-andonly

(7)

,nototherbodypartsorobjects.

Anunusual

(8)

betweenresearchersandanepilepsypatientledtothe

(9).RonBlackwell,anengineerinSantaClara,California,

(10)StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,in2011seekingbettertreatment

(11)

hisepilepsy.Hehadsufferedseizuressincehewasateenager,andatage47,his

(12)

wasbecominglesseffective.StanfordneurologistJosefParvizi

(13)

someteststolocatethesourceoftheseizures-andalsosuggestedthatitmightbe

(14)

toeliminatetheseizuresbysurgicallydestroyingatiny

(15)

ofbraintissuewheretheyoccurred.

Parviziusedelectrodes

(16)

onBlackwell’sscalptotracetheseizurestothetemporallobe,aboutaninch

(17)

Blackwell’srightear.Then,surgeonsplacedmoreelectrodesonthe

(18)

ofBlackwell’sbrain,nearthesuspectpointoforigininthetemporal

(19).Parvizistimulatedeachelectrodeinturnwithamildcurrent,trying

(20)Blackwell’sseizuresymptomsundersafeconditions.“Ifwegetthosesymptoms,weknowthatweareticklingtheseizurenode,”heexplains.

問題1選項

A.investigate

B.reveal

C.find

D.found

問題2選項

A.researchers

B.people

C.human

D.objects

問題3選項

A.corrosion

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.objects

問題4選項

A.recognition

B.realization

C.imagination

D.description

問題5選項

A.counterpart

B.fellow

C.sufferer

D.partner

問題6選項

A.evidence

B.source

C.wit

D.facture

問題7選項

A.facets

B.faces

C.facial

D.facile

問題8選項

A.collaboration

B.deliberation

C.matching

D.gathering

問題9選項

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.combination

D.discovery

問題10選項

A.droveto

B.heldup

C.cameto

D.madewayfor

問題11選項

A.for

B.forth

C.about

D.with

問題12選項

A.treatment

B.medication

C.perception

D.operation

問題13選項

A.pointed

B.managed

C.supplied

D.suggested

問題14選項

A.clear

B.worthy

C.possible

D.certain

問題15選項

A.area

B.segment

C.fragment

D.par

問題16選項

A.installed

B.settled

C.placed

D.distilled

問題17選項

A.around

B.above

C.beneath

D.across

問題18選項

A.surface

B.surficial

C.surfer

D.surfeit

問題19選項

A.scalp

B.section

C.lobe

D.leaf

問題20選項

A.toirrigate

B.totrigger

C.tobarrel

D.toflick

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】(1)考查動詞詞義辨析。investigate調(diào)查,研究;reveal揭露,透露;find發(fā)現(xiàn)。這里指“通過腦成像研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)”,所以C項符合題意。答案C。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。此處意為:當(dāng)人們看著人臉時,顳葉的這一區(qū)域會變得活躍。people這里泛指所有人,故答案為B。

(3)考查名詞詞義辨析。corrosion腐蝕;counterfeit偽造品;correction改正;objects物體。由后文的“butnotproof沒有證據(jù)”可知C項正確。答案C。

(4)考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition識別,承認;realization實現(xiàn),領(lǐng)悟;imagination想象力;description描述。文章開頭就指出“面孔識別能力非常重要”,故A項正確。答案A。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。intrepid勇敢的,無畏的,由于癲癇是一種病,綜合上下文,可以知道這里是選擇患者。Counterpart配對物;fellow同事;sufferer患者,受害者;partner伙伴,合伙人。答案C。

(6)考查名詞詞義辨析。evidence證據(jù);source來源;wit智慧;facture制作,發(fā)票。通過上下文語境可知,前面還沒有有力的證據(jù)可以說明兩者之間的關(guān)系,后面已經(jīng)找到這種因果證據(jù),所以,可知答案選擇A。

(7)考查形近詞辨析。facets面狀;face臉,表面;facial面部的;facile溫和的。神經(jīng)元只能區(qū)別臉部,后面nototherbody

partsorobjects.可知答案為B。

(8)考查名詞詞義辨析。collaboration合作,勾結(jié);deliberation審議,考慮;matching相配的;gathering聚集。由betweenand可知這里考查的是兩者之間的合作,答案A。

(9)考查名詞詞義辨析。imagination想象;conclusion結(jié)論;combination結(jié)合;discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。通過上下文的語境可知答案為D。

(10)考查動詞詞組辨析。droveto驅(qū)車前往;heldup舉起;cameto前來;madewayfor給······讓路此處句意為:布萊克威爾只身來到斯坦福大學(xué)參加治療。只有C項符合語義。答案C。

(11)考查介詞詞義辨析。for“為,為了;給”,符合題意,答案A。

(12)考查名詞詞義辨析。treatment“治療,療法;medication“藥物;藥物治療”,分析上下文可知這里是指藥物治療,所以后面布萊克威爾才來到斯坦福做外科手術(shù)。答案B。

(13)考查動詞詞義辨析。Point指向;supply供應(yīng);manage管理;suggest表明。由alsosuggested可以推出此處答案為suggest,答案D。

(14)考查形容詞詞義辨析。Clear清晰的;worthy值得的;possible可能的;certain肯定的。帕維茨認為是非常可能的,這里只是他的推測,并不是很確定。故答案C。

(15)考查名詞詞義辨析。area區(qū)域,范圍;segment段,部分;fragment碎片,片斷;par標(biāo)準,票面價值。由上下文可知答案為A。

(16)考查動詞詞義辨析。Install安裝;settle解決,安排;place放置,任命;distill提取,蒸餾。由“placedmoreelectrodeson加更多電極在···上···”可知C項符合題意。答案C。

(17)考查介詞詞義辨析。醫(yī)生將電極放置在布萊克威爾的右耳上一英寸的地方,B項符合句意。答案B。

(18)考查形近詞詞義辨析。surface表面,表層;surficial地表的;地面的;surfer沖浪運動員,surfeit過度;飲食過度;這里是指將電極放置在大腦的表皮層。答案A。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。Scalp頭皮,戰(zhàn)利品;section地區(qū);lobe(腦、肺等的)葉,耳垂;leaf葉子。temporallobe表示顳葉,故答案為C。

(20)考查動詞詞義辨析。trigger引發(fā),觸發(fā);irrigate灌溉,沖洗;barrel把······裝入桶內(nèi);flick輕彈,輕輕拂去。由句意“在安全的條件下嘗試了40次去觸發(fā)布萊克威爾的癲癇癥狀?!笨芍鸢笧锽。

15.單選題

Blusterywindsknockedoffhatsandrattledwindows,andtheadventurousboyswere(

).

問題1選項

A.terrified

B.delighted

C.exclamatory

D.deceitful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。terrified恐懼的;delighted高興的,快樂的;exclamatory叫喊的;deceitful騙人的。句意:狂風(fēng)吹落了帽子,震得窗戶格格作響,那些大膽的孩子們覺得好玩。由theadventurousboys“喜歡冒險的孩子”可知這些孩子喜歡這樣的場景,他們很開心。

16.單選題

Totestthe(

)ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simply

investigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.

問題1選項

A.efficacy

B.universality

C.decorum

D.rate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。efficacy“功效”;universality“廣泛性”;decorum“禮儀”;rate“比率,速度”。句意:要想測試從一個研究領(lǐng)域借用過來的東西在充實其他領(lǐng)域的有效性,可以簡單地調(diào)查一個研究領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語可以毫不勉強地被另一個研究領(lǐng)域所使用的程度。由“theextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.一個研究領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語可以毫不勉強地被另一個研究領(lǐng)域所使用的程度”可知A項正確。

17.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso(

).

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