2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)14

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ThisisanenormousfieldofwhichIcantouchonlythe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pan

B.outside

C.fringe

D.edge

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。pan“盤(pán)狀的器皿”；outside“外部”；fringe“邊緣”，也指（相對(duì)于主要部分而言的）較次要部分；edge“邊緣，優(yōu)勢(shì)”，普通用詞，指較窄的邊沿。句意：這是一個(gè)龐大的領(lǐng)域，我只能觸及它的邊緣。潛在意思就是只了解一個(gè)大概，并且都是一些不重要的東西，所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服；confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”，一般指通過(guò)提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物（絕對(duì)）正確；submit“服從，提交”，一般指放棄抵抗，愿意服從對(duì)方；conform“符合，遵守”，側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會(huì)中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動(dòng)和思考。句意：他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”，所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

3.單選題

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“緊急的，緊迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最終的，決定性的”。根據(jù)preparation“準(zhǔn)備”與potentialsetbacks“潛在的挫折”，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：成功的人總會(huì)為潛在失敗做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。

4.單選題

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生聯(lián)誼會(huì)）andsororities（女生聯(lián)誼會(huì)）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.

1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat（）

3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat（）.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat（）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.regretful

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者根據(jù)“提前申請(qǐng)”原則申請(qǐng)學(xué)校主要是因?yàn)槭裁矗扛鶕?jù)原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知，我提前申請(qǐng)賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)主要是因?yàn)橛袃煞N強(qiáng)烈的情感驅(qū)使我這么做：雄心和恐懼。因此，B項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)想與恐懼”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：從原文可以推斷出“提前申請(qǐng)”的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么？根據(jù)原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知，提前申請(qǐng)政策能大大提高被錄取的幾率，因此D選項(xiàng)“你更可能被錄取”符合原文內(nèi)容，而其他三項(xiàng)在原文中均未提及，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者在第二段中的情感描述是為了說(shuō)明什么？首先，作者在第二段第二句講到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”，說(shuō)明作者在得知提前申請(qǐng)通過(guò)時(shí)，他很興奮也感到釋然”，而根據(jù)第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知，作者在看到其他同學(xué)因?yàn)樯暾?qǐng)其他學(xué)?；蛳不驊n的時(shí)候，他并沒(méi)覺(jué)得自己提前申請(qǐng)成功是什么高興的事，而當(dāng)他看到班上有很多同學(xué)考上了布朗大學(xué)時(shí)，他又想知道如果自己也報(bào)考的話，能不能也考得上。由此可見(jiàn)，他對(duì)自己提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校產(chǎn)生了懷疑。所以，綜合對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)自己的決定既開(kāi)心又懷疑”最能概述原文信息，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：我們可以從文中總結(jié)出什么內(nèi)容？原文首先講述了作者依據(jù)“提前申請(qǐng)”政策選擇了賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)，但在看到別人還在費(fèi)盡心思通過(guò)學(xué)校申請(qǐng)時(shí)，他又產(chǎn)生了動(dòng)搖，而在真正進(jìn)入學(xué)校之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不適合這所學(xué)校，所以最后又費(fèi)勁轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)。作者通過(guò)自己的申請(qǐng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：并不是每個(gè)人都適合提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校。作者建議高三學(xué)生要思考一下自己想要什么，是不是真正適合提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校，同時(shí)也不要輕易被他人的思想左右。因此，A選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)之前，需要充分考慮”最符合原文內(nèi)容表述；B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該避免捷徑”表述錯(cuò)誤，作者只是希望學(xué)生們可以多思考一下以免將來(lái)后悔自己的決定，并非不能通過(guò)這種方式進(jìn)入大學(xué)；C選項(xiàng)“匆忙做決定無(wú)益”不可由文章總結(jié)得出，作者只是希望學(xué)生能從多方面考量之后再提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校；D選項(xiàng)“作者不應(yīng)該提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校”與原文內(nèi)容不符，作者只是沒(méi)有考慮好自己的意向?qū)W校，并非不能申請(qǐng)。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)：從文中我們可以明白，作者似乎是……。A選項(xiàng)regretful表示“遺憾的，后悔的”；B選項(xiàng)optimistic表示“樂(lè)觀的”；C選項(xiàng)gloomy表示“憂郁的”；D選項(xiàng)sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通過(guò)自己提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校后又對(duì)學(xué)校不滿意進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)指出，大家在提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校時(shí)一定要考慮好自己想要什么，不要輕易受別人影響。由此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)于自己的這次申請(qǐng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較遺憾，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fraction表示“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分，小部分”，B選項(xiàng)fiction表示“小說(shuō)，編造，謊言”，C選項(xiàng)function表示“功能，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，函數(shù)”，D選項(xiàng)friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根據(jù)句意可知，我們僅僅察覺(jué)到偶然觸及我們感官的一小部分光和聲音；而大部分已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。空缺處單詞與后文中的thegreatmajority形成對(duì)比，形容光和聲音的一小部分，因此，只有A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rid“得到解脫的”；B選項(xiàng)ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C選項(xiàng)soup“使振作;打扮”；D選項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光線太昏暗我沒(méi)法看書(shū)。我再也受不了了。根據(jù)后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合題意。

7.單選題

Youcanclaima（）onyourtax.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rebate

B.debate

C.abate

D.libate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rebate“退還款；折扣；返還部分”；B選項(xiàng)debate“辯論；（正式的）討論”；C選項(xiàng)abate“減輕；減少”；D選項(xiàng)libate“喝酒。句意：你可以要求退回部分稅款。此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，故排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意，故選A。

8.單選題

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)jurisdiction“司法權(quán)，審判權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；權(quán)限”；B選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理”；C選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷；裁判；判決書(shū)”；D選項(xiàng)junction“連接；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”。句意：你在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上的愚蠢行為根本就沒(méi)有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無(wú)理的，B選項(xiàng)符合句意要求。

9.單選題

Theprisonerhasbeen（）ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensures

B.informed

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證”；B選項(xiàng)inform“通知”；C選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失；剝奪”；D選項(xiàng)convince“說(shuō)服；使確信”。句意：這個(gè)囚犯……享有普通公民所享有的許多特權(quán)。囚犯與公民自然有區(qū)別，公民享有的許多特權(quán)不是囚犯能享有的，因此C選項(xiàng)“剝奪”符合句意。

10.單選題

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，潤(rùn)滑油”；oil“石油，油畫(huà)材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根據(jù)句意可知，涂在輪子上的應(yīng)該是潤(rùn)滑油，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aftermath“后果；余波”；B選項(xiàng)premonition“預(yù)感”；C選項(xiàng)omen“預(yù)兆，征兆”；D選項(xiàng)presentiment“預(yù)感”。句意：地震的后果就是許多人無(wú)家可歸。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”。B選項(xiàng)financial“財(cái)政的”。C選項(xiàng)nabobery“財(cái)主常去的地方”。D選項(xiàng)economical“節(jié)約的，合算的”。句意：有財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題的學(xué)生可以申請(qǐng)學(xué)生貸款。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Lifeisoften（）toadream.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.liked

B.resembled

C.comparing

D.likened

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)like“喜歡；想；愿意”；B選項(xiàng)resemble“類似，像”；C選項(xiàng)compare“比較，對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)liken“比擬；把…比作”。句意：人生常被喻為一場(chǎng)夢(mèng)。此題選D，belikento表示“好比”。

14.單選題

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！癳xamine檢查，調(diào)查”；exemplify“例證，例示”；extract“提取，摘錄”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：這幅畫(huà)完美地例證了在那個(gè)時(shí)期非常流行的印象派風(fēng)格。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appoint“任命；指定”；B選項(xiàng)name“命名；指定”；C選項(xiàng)nominate“推薦；提名”；D選項(xiàng)elect“選舉；選擇”。句意：這個(gè)女孩以她祖母的名字……為朱莉婭。此處是說(shuō)的起名，B選項(xiàng)name正確。

16.單選題

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的東西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“從第二段中可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)下對(duì)‘科學(xué)’這個(gè)詞的定義是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)下‘科學(xué)’的含義至少有兩種，但目前人們傾向于從一種含義轉(zhuǎn)向另一種含義，整個(gè)科學(xué)教育問(wèn)題模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此選項(xiàng)A“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”符合題意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有問(wèn)題的”；inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“當(dāng)人們談?wù)摽茖W(xué)時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有涉及下列哪項(xiàng)？”文章第四段提到生物學(xué)家、天文學(xué)家，可能是心理學(xué)家或數(shù)學(xué)家，被描述為科學(xué)家，而沒(méi)有人會(huì)想到用這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容政治家、詩(shī)人、記者甚至哲學(xué)家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人們?cè)谡務(wù)摽茖W(xué)時(shí)，他們不是指哲學(xué)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。Physics“物理學(xué)”；physiology“生理學(xué)”；psychology“心理學(xué)”。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者將德國(guó)科學(xué)與克魯曼文學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，來(lái)支持下列哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)？”文章第六段第四句提到人們常泛泛地說(shuō)“科學(xué)是國(guó)際性的”，但實(shí)際上所有國(guó)家的科學(xué)工作者都站在自己政府一邊，比作家和藝術(shù)家們所感到的顧慮要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists)。然后將德國(guó)科學(xué)家與文學(xué)家對(duì)待納粹黨的態(tài)度進(jìn)行對(duì)比，指出前者接受納粹黨，而后者則由于反對(duì)而受到迫害的居多，因此選項(xiàng)C“科學(xué)家比作家更傾向于支持他們的政府”符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“一個(gè)對(duì)歷史一無(wú)所知的普通人，與一個(gè)目不識(shí)丁的農(nóng)民相比，用歷史的記憶來(lái)說(shuō)明什么？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到對(duì)大眾的科學(xué)教育如果只是注重在物理、化學(xué)、生物等方面的教育并沒(méi)有好處，可能還會(huì)有危害。然后提到接受科學(xué)教育的一般人的政治反應(yīng)可能比一個(gè)目不識(shí)丁的農(nóng)民的反應(yīng)要遲鈍，因?yàn)楹笳哌€保留著一些歷史記憶和相當(dāng)健全的審美意識(shí)（It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense），由此可知作者是為了說(shuō)明在科學(xué)教育中，歷史教學(xué)不應(yīng)該被忽略，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章可以最好地概括為……”。文章開(kāi)篇由一封信引出科學(xué)這個(gè)概念，提到科學(xué)至少有兩種定義，而當(dāng)下用得比較多的定義是第一種，即精確的科學(xué)，比如化學(xué)、物理學(xué)等；接著提到科學(xué)家與文學(xué)家的區(qū)別，并且舉了德國(guó)科學(xué)與文學(xué)之間的區(qū)別的例子，這些都是在圍繞“科學(xué)是什么”這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行的。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.翻譯題

SherryTurkleofMIT:ThehumancostofsocialtechnologyBySimonMainwaring

Inlightofalltherecentdevelopmentsaroundsocialtechnology,fromthelaunchofGoogle+toFacebook’sF8conferencelaunchofTimelineandTickerlastweek,IfeltitespeciallypertinenttosharethisinterviewwithSherryTurkleofMIT.WhatsheinvitesustoconsideristhehumancostofoursocialmediaengagementwhichseemsallthemorerelevantasnetworkslikeGoogle+andFacebookarmuswithnewtoolstobecomeevenmoreeffectiveonlinestorytellersinspiringustospendmoretimethere.

SM:HiI'mSimonMainwaring,hereattheIVOHWorldSummitintheCatskills,NewYork,andIhavethegreatpleasureofbeingherewithSherryTurkle,whoistheprofessorofSocialStudiesofScienceandTechnologyatMIT,andtheauthorofthecriticallyacclaimedbook.AloneTogether.Itissuchapleasuretochatwithyou,Sherry.Thankyouforyourtime.Now,oneofthethingsItalkaboutwhenitcomestosocialmediaisthatIbelievethattechnologyisteachingustobehumanagain,yetthethesisofyourbookmightactuallygoagainstthatproposition.Doyouthinkthat’strueornot?

ST:Ithinkthat'sacomplicatedstory.

1.Thatistosay,wearenowusingtechnologyinsomewaysthataredistancingusfromeachother,butI’moptimisticbecauseIthinksomanyofusarestartingtorealizethatsomethingisgoingamisswhenwehavedinnerwithfriendsandeveryonehasaphoneonthetableandinterruptsconversationsinordertotakethosecalls.WhenIwalkedthedunesofCapeCodthatThoreauwalked,andeverybodyiswalkingthoseduneswiththeirheadsdowntothosedevices,somethingisgoingamiss.Wheneveryoneisansweringemailsinsteadoftalkingtocolleaguesatwork,somethingisgoingamiss.Soit’sgood,butweneedtomakeitgoodforus.

SM:Whatwouldyousayisbeinglost,andwhatisthecostofthat?

ST:Well,I’veinterviewedhundredsofyoungpeopleandhundredsofolderpeopleandIthinkthatoneofthethingsthatisbeinglostistheabilitytotoleratesolitude.InmyownstudiesIcallit,“Ishare,thereforeIam.”Thatistosay,yougofromapositionwhereyousay“Ihaveafeeling,Iwanttomakeacall,”toapositionwhereyousay“Iwanttohaveafeeling,Ineedtosendatext.”

2.Sowhat’sbeinglostistheabilitytoexperienceyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelysharingthemandyoulosethecapacitytocollaboratebecausecollaborationisinfusion.Youneedtocometocollaborationwithasenseofself,withyourownideasandconfidenceinyourself.Youlosethecapacityforcertainkindsofleadershipbecause,again,leadershiprequiresanabilitytolead,notjusttopoll.

3.Soyoufeellikewe’relosingtheabilitytobepresentbecausewe’reinsuchahurrytopassonthatexperiencethatwealmostcutourselvesoutoftheequation.

ST:Yes.Andwe’resubstitutingconnectionforconversation.Ithinkthat’sveryimportant.Thismovefromconversationtoconnection,andwe’realmostforgettinghownurturingconversationis.OverandoverI’veinterviewedpeoplewhobasicallytellme“Don’tcall.”InAloneTogetherIhaveachaptertitledPleaseDon’tCall.Thelastthingtheywantisatelephonecall.Itwouldtaketoomuchtime.It’stoodangerous.Toomuchmightshow.Theydon’twanttobeinterrupted.It’seasiertosendanemailorsendatextandnothavetherisksofshowingthemselvesinaconversation.

SM:Wouldyoucharacterizethisasafunctionoftheneedtonowliveinpublicatalltimes,toalwaysbe“on”?Isthatthechallengethatwe’reallfacingnow,because,giventheopportunitytodoitwithsocialmediaandtheseotherplatforms,wefeelobligatedtodoso?

ST:Thereareseveralthings.We’vegivenourselvesanopportunitytohide.Socialmedia,forallofit’sbounties—andI’mveryenthusiasticofallthebountiesofsocialmedia—italsogivesusanopportunitytohide.

4.Weperformourselvesonsocialmedia,andthatisdifferentfrombeingourselvesonsocialmedia.Thatabilitytoperformyourselfisalsoanabilitytohide.Itleadstosomethingthatcall“Fearofmissingout.”You’realwayswatchingwhatotherpeoplearedoingandyoubeingtobejealousbecausetheirshowingtheirbestselvesandyou’reshowingyourbestself.YoualmostbecomejealousofthelifeyouliveonFacebook.Youhavetoremindyourselfthatit’syourlifebecauseyou’reshowingyourbestself.

SM:Letmeaskyouaquestionaboutthat.Howdifferentisthattotheversionofourselvesthatwepresentintherealworld,albeitonlytooneortwoorfivepeopleatatime?Isitworsebecausewecanreachamassaudience?

ST:No,it’sworsebecause...we’resittingheretogetherand,ofcourse,I’minaroleandyou’reinarole,butbecausewe’reheretogether,certainthingsshow.We’reanimals,we’rehumanbeingsand,really,bythefactthatwe’reheretogether,weshowourselvestoeachother,werevealourselvestoeachother.Onthenetwork,wecanfakeit.Wecanperformourselvesinawaywherethereisamorepolishedself.Iinterviewpeoplewhoreallydescribetomethetimeandthecaretheytakeonwhattheypresentintheirsocialmediapresence.It’slikewe’replayingavatarsofourselves.

SM:5.Ifyouhadtocharacterizeitintwoways,thelongtermeffectsonthis,whatisthebestcasescenario,theupside,andtheworstcasescenario.Giveusthespectrumofconsequence.

ST:Bestcasescenario...Myfavoritelineinmybookis,“Justbecausewegrewupwiththeinternet,wethinktheinternetisallgrownup,anditisn’t,andit’stimetomakethecorrections.”Ithinkwe’reataturningpointnowwherewe’rereadytoreassessandliveasanerandhealthierlife.Ithinkthecorporateworldisreadytobemoreattentivetothesocialandemotionalneedsofbothitsconsumersanditsworkers.Ithinkthatpeoplearereadytobemoreattentivetolivingasanerlifeintheironlinepresence.Wedon’twanttobeinterrupted.6.Sotheplussideisthatwe’reatamomentwherewe’regoingtobeabletoenjoythebountiesofthistechnologyandminimizeitscost.Thedownsideisthatwearesomehow,justlikethere’safogofwar,there’safogoftechnology.TeachingatMITfor30years,Icantellyouthattechnologycanmakeusforgetwhatweknowaboutlife,andoneofthethingsthatwe’reforgettingrightnowistheimportanceofconversationandoftrulybeingwitheachotherinthewaysthatmatter.

SM:Yetyou’restilloptimistic.Whyareyouoptimistic?Whatgivesyouhope?

ST:7.I’moptimisticbecauseIthinkhumanbeingswanttobewitheachotherandrealizethenurturanceandthesustainingeffectsofbeingwitheachotherandcommunicatingwitheachother.Ithinkthatthere’samovementIseeintheresonanceinmyworkandintheworkofotherpeoplewhoarestartingtohavethiskindofmessage,includingyourselfactually,thatthere’sstartingtobeaconvergenceinthecorporateworldandconsumerworldofrealizingthatthesetwoworldshaveintereststhatarestartingtocometogetherbyusingthistechnologyinmorehumaneways,inwaysthatarebetterforthesocialgood.

SM:Ican’ttellyouhowexcitedIambythebook.Thatfifteen-yearstudyontheimpactofscienceandtechnologyisabsolutelyincredible.Ihighlyrecommendittoeveryone.Whereelsecanpeoplefindyouonline?

ST:Forthebook,goto,orgoogleSherryTurkleandmywebpagewithallmywritingsandresearchwillbeonthat.

SM:Thankyouforgivingusthegiftofallyourthinking.Arealpleasuretomeetyou,Sherry.

【答案】1.也就是說(shuō)，我們現(xiàn)在使用的技術(shù)在某些方面正使我們相互疏遠(yuǎn)。但對(duì)此我很樂(lè)觀。我們和一群朋友一起吃飯時(shí)，每個(gè)人都帶著手機(jī)，電話鈴響起時(shí)卻不得不中斷交談。已經(jīng)有一些人認(rèn)識(shí)到其中的問(wèn)題了

2.因此，你失去的是一種無(wú)需立即分享就獨(dú)自體驗(yàn)?zāi)愕南敕ê透惺艿哪芰?，且由于合作需要融入，你也失去了合作的能力?/p>

3.所以你會(huì)覺(jué)得我們正在失去活在當(dāng)下的能力，因?yàn)槲覀兲庇趯⑦@種體驗(yàn)傳遞下去，以至于我們幾乎把自己隔離起來(lái)。

4.我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上表現(xiàn)自己，這和在社交媒體前做自己是不同的。這種自我表現(xiàn)的能力也是一種隱藏的能力，這最終會(huì)變成我說(shuō)的“害怕錯(cuò)過(guò)”。

5.如果你必須用兩種方式來(lái)描述它的長(zhǎng)期影響，那就是最好的情況與最壞的結(jié)果。給出結(jié)果可能出現(xiàn)的范圍。

6.因此，好的一面是，我們現(xiàn)在能夠享受這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的好處并將其代價(jià)降到最低。壞的一面是，就像戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一樣，我們需要面對(duì)“科技的迷霧”。

7.我很樂(lè)觀，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為人們想要同彼此在一起，認(rèn)識(shí)到彼此相處和交流的滋養(yǎng)和持續(xù)效果。

18.單選題

Thewind（）thelightoftheoillamp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.swayed

B.vibrated

C.shook

D.flickered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sway“影響；統(tǒng)治”；B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)shake“動(dòng)搖；搖動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)flicker“閃爍，搖曳”。句意：風(fēng)使油燈的燈光閃爍。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.separated

B.cut