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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe()ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。perspiration“汗水,努力”;desperation“絕望的境地,不顧一切拼命”;respiration“呼吸”;aspiration“渴望,抱負(fù)”。句意:一個(gè)充滿活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在企業(yè)家的抱負(fù)之上的,而這是通過利潤來回報(bào)的。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

2.單選題

Theyarewell()witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持;與……有密切相關(guān)”;recognize表示“承認(rèn),認(rèn)可”,常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為,被當(dāng)作”,有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識別出,被承認(rèn)”;beacquaintedwith表示“了解;知曉(某事);熟悉”,beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn),被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知,因?yàn)樗麄冊?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過,所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,因此,只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Thereisno()whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)jurisdiction“司法權(quán),審判權(quán),管轄權(quán);權(quán)限”;B選項(xiàng)justification“理由;辯護(hù);認(rèn)為有理”;C選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷;裁判;判決書”;D選項(xiàng)junction“連接;交叉點(diǎn);接合點(diǎn)”。句意:你在英語晚會上的愚蠢行為根本就沒有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無理的,B選項(xiàng)符合句意要求。

4.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto()awholevarietyoftasks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assign表示“分配;指派”,B選項(xiàng)tackle表示“應(yīng)付,著手處理”,C選項(xiàng)realize表示“意識到”,D選項(xiàng)solve表示“解決(問題、難題等)”。由句意可知,計(jì)算機(jī)可以編程,解決各種各樣的任務(wù)。因此,只有B選項(xiàng)可以搭配賓語task,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Becauseofa()intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

D.strip

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness表示“(系統(tǒng)、性格等的)缺點(diǎn),劣勢;弱點(diǎn);虛弱”,B選項(xiàng)fault表示“錯(cuò)誤;故障;缺點(diǎn)”,C選項(xiàng)flaw表示“缺陷,瑕疵;性格上的缺點(diǎn)”,D選項(xiàng)strip表示“條;帶”。由句意可知,這個(gè)女孩能半價(jià)買到裙子是因?yàn)槿棺佑需Υ茫訡選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.artificial

C.arbitrary

D.mechanical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。C選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的,武斷的,是由偶然、一時(shí)興致或沖動而非由必然、推理決定的。A選項(xiàng)artistic“藝術(shù)的,風(fēng)雅的”。B選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的,仿造的”。D選項(xiàng)mechanical“機(jī)芯的,自動的”。句意:我不知道所涉及的關(guān)鍵所在,所以我的選擇很隨意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare()asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。refer“參考,涉及";perceive“理解,認(rèn)知”;recommend“推薦,介紹”;presume“假定,推測”。句意:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),那些有更多眼神交流的求職者會給人更機(jī)警、可靠、自信、負(fù)責(zé)的印象。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thenewcolleague()tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)confess表示“坦白;承認(rèn);供認(rèn)”,B選項(xiàng)declare表示“宣布,申明,宣稱”,D選項(xiàng)confirm表示“確認(rèn),確定,核實(shí)”,C選項(xiàng)claim表示“宣稱,要求,索賠”。由句意可知,新同事宣稱,他進(jìn)入我們公司之前,在一些大公司里工作過??杖碧巻卧~需與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配,因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Ifyouwantedtoquestionwhetherglobalwarmingisindeeduponus,lastweekwasnotthetimetodoit.Twoweeksbeforetheofficialbeginningofsummer,aheatwavebakedtheeasternthirdoftheU.S.andCanada,drivingtemperatureshighintothe90sandeven100s.Atthesametime,aflurryofscientificpaperswasreleasedthatseemedtoexplainallthelate-springsuffering.Inonestudy,Frenchresearchersreportedthatheat-trappinggreenhousegasesareattheirhighestlevelsin420,000years.Inanother,U.S.scientistsfoundthat57speciesofbutterflymaybealteringtheirmigratorypatternsinresponsetochangingheatpatterns.

Inlightofallthis,aswelteringpublicmusthavebeenconvincedatlastthatit’stimetodosomethingtocoolofftheoverheatedplanet,right?Wrong.Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming."Themorewetalkaboutwarming,"saysthestudy'sdirector,JohnImmerwahr,"the(morethe)public'sconcerngoesdown."

Suchanenvironmentaldisconnectmaynotbemuchofamystery.Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaigntotorpedothe1997Kyototreaty,whichrequiresindustrialnationstoreducegreenhouseemissions.Morethan$13millionhasbeenspentonadstoblockratificationofthetreatybytheU.S.Senate."ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn’taproblemorthatit’stooexpensivetofix,"saysNationalEnvironmentalTrustspokesmanPeterKelly.

EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.Forexample,intheyearof1997,PresidentClintonmovedforKyototreatychangesthatenvironmentalgroupsseeasindustry-pleasingloopholes.SaysDanielWeiss,theSierraClub'spoliticaldirector:"Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness."Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.Ifsuchpopularso-whatingpersists,Immerwahrwarns,thepublicmaybegingraspingatphonysolutionstoglobalwarming.Attheendoflastweek,somepeopletookcomfortfromthereportofavasthazeofpollutantsthatcollectsovertheIndianOceaninthewinter,butthatresearchersonlyrecentlystudied.Filthyasthecloudis,itdoesdeflectsolarradiation,andthatcouldleadtocooling.Butscientistswarnthatwecannotsimplypolluteourwayoutofglobalwarming.Thesootdropsfromthehazyatmosphereinweeks,whereasgreenhousegasesremainforcenturies.

Thewayoutofthisgridlock,environmentalistssay,istoshowit’spossibletoreducegreenhousegaseswithoutsinkingtheeconomy.Solutionsincludecleanercarsandbetterwind-andsolar-powertechnologies.SaysGregWetstone,programdirectorfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil:"Whenthesekindsofoptionsbecomeavailable,peoplewillfeellesshopeless."Ofcourse,it’salsopossiblethatonlywhenpeoplefeellesshopelesswilltheypresstheirleaderstomakethesolutionsavailable.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingis().

2.Speakingofglobalwarming,Americanpublicis().

3.Thepublic’sreactiontoglobalwarmingismainlyaresultof().

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causingalotoftrouble

B.notasseriousasitseems

C.feltonlyinAmericaandCanada

D.whataccountsforthehighlevelofgreenhousegases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.indifferent

C.worried

D.frightened

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirdisbeliefoftheexistenceofsuchproblem

B.theadvertisingcampaignofindustrialgroups

C.thehighcostoffixingtheproblem

D.AmericanSenate’sdisapprovalofKyototreaty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.EnvironmentalistsurgePresidentClintonadministrationtopresstheissue.

B.Kyototreatyaimsatcurbingtheglobalwarmingproblem.

C.Americangovernmentispartlyresponsibleforthepublic'sattitudetowardglobalwarming

D.Industrialgroupsdonotcareaboutglobalwarming.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalistssupporttheideaofsolvingglobalwarmingthroughpollution

B.thepoorleadershipofAmericanPresidenthasproducedaverybadinfluence

C.Americaneconomywillsufferifglobalwarmingiscurbed

D.peoplehavenoconfidenceinsolvingproblemofglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問:根據(jù)作者(的觀點(diǎn)),全球變暖是什么?根據(jù)原文第一段可知,在夏季正式開始的前兩周,一股熱浪席卷了美國東部三分之一的地區(qū)和加拿大,將氣溫推高至華氏90多度甚至100多度。在一項(xiàng)研究中,法國研究人員報(bào)告稱,吸熱的溫室氣體達(dá)到了42萬年來的最高水平。在另一項(xiàng)研究中,美國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)57種蝴蝶可能會改變它們的遷徙模式,以應(yīng)對不斷變化的熱度。由此可見,全球變暖帶來了很多問題和影響,它已經(jīng)確確實(shí)實(shí)存在于我們身邊。所以A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生許多麻煩”表述正確。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問:談及全球變暖,美國民眾是什么樣的態(tài)度?A選項(xiàng)concerned表示“擔(dān)憂的”;B選項(xiàng)indifferent表示“漠不關(guān)心的”;C選項(xiàng)worried表示“擔(dān)心的”;D選項(xiàng)frightened表示“害怕的”。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知,盡管氣溫不斷攀升,但美國人比以往任何時(shí)候都更不關(guān)心對抗全球變暖的問題,越是談?wù)撊蜃兣膯栴},公眾的擔(dān)憂就越少。由此可見,大眾并不關(guān)心對抗全球變暖一事,所以他們對于這件事的態(tài)度應(yīng)是漠不關(guān)心的,即indifferent。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題干詢問:民眾對全球變暖的反應(yīng)主要是什么原因造成的?根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息可定位到原文第三段,產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)發(fā)起了廣告宣傳活動,以破壞《京都議定書》的簽署。與此同時(shí),這些廣告讓人們相信全球變暖的問題不存在或解決這個(gè)問題的需要的成本太高,因此大眾才會對全球變暖問題漠視。由此可知,廣告宣傳是大眾有如此反應(yīng)的根本原因,故B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)的廣告宣傳”是本題的正確答案。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問下列哪項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及?根據(jù)第四段第一句“EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue”可知,環(huán)保主義者也批評克林頓總統(tǒng)沒有推動這個(gè)問題的解決,說明美國政府應(yīng)當(dāng)為公眾對于全球變暖的態(tài)度負(fù)部分責(zé)任,故C選項(xiàng)正確。但文章未提到環(huán)保主義者要敦促總統(tǒng)去解決全球變暖問題。所以,A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。工業(yè)團(tuán)體發(fā)布廣告宣傳來破壞《京都議定書》的簽署并且誤導(dǎo)大眾,說明他們并不關(guān)心全球變暖問題,也說明《京都議定書》確實(shí)能對全球變暖進(jìn)行遏制,所以B、D選項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題干詢問:從文中可以推斷出什么信息?根據(jù)原文第四段可知,作者指出,環(huán)保人士批評克林頓總統(tǒng)的做法,并引用環(huán)保者的表述“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.(膽小的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人傳達(dá)的是絕望,從而導(dǎo)致人們的冷漠。)”。因此,作者認(rèn)為克林頓總統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不力產(chǎn)生了很糟糕的影響,故B選項(xiàng)表述正確。A選項(xiàng)中通過污染來解決環(huán)保問題并不是環(huán)保人士的觀點(diǎn),所以表述錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)指出全球變暖被遏制,美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)會受影響。原文只是表明工業(yè)團(tuán)體通過廣告宣傳破壞《京都議定書》,說明這些工業(yè)團(tuán)體利益會受損,但并不是指整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)會受影響,故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)表述人們對解決全球變暖問題沒有信心,原文信息指出的是大家對這一問題漠不關(guān)心,所以D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。因此,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Theboysinthedorm()acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hold“持有;保存;召開”;B選項(xiàng)toss“拋;搖勻;顛簸”;C選項(xiàng)put“出發(fā);航行;發(fā)芽”;D選項(xiàng)collect“收集;募捐”。句意:宿舍里的男生……硬幣決定誰來掃地。這里是指“扔硬幣”來做決定,因此B選項(xiàng)toss符合句意。

11.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe()ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏,不足”。B選項(xiàng)haste“匆忙,急忙”。C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷,缺點(diǎn)”。D選項(xiàng)absence“缺席,缺少,沒有”。句意:如果沒有其他幫手,我們怎么能完成這項(xiàng)工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話,難以完成這項(xiàng)工作”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot()totheirideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。surrender“投降,屈服”,一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服;confirm“確認(rèn),證實(shí)”,一般指通過提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物(絕對)正確;submit“服從,提交”,一般指放棄抵抗,愿意服從對方;conform“符合,遵守”,側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動和思考。句意:他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”,所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

13.單選題

Agoodteacheralwaystriesto()studentstoaskquestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encourage

B.stimulate

C.needle

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)”。B選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激,鼓舞”。C選項(xiàng)needle“刺激,故意招惹”。D選項(xiàng)spread“傳播,伸展”。句意:一個(gè)好的老師總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去提問。本句表示“鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生提問”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent()whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語搭配。Which指先行詞theextent,空格處詞語應(yīng)與theextent相搭配,構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theshipwas()inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義,A選項(xiàng)owned“自身擁有的”;B選項(xiàng)sunk“凹陷的;低沉的;失去希望的”;C選項(xiàng)wrecked“失事的”;D選項(xiàng)submitted“屈服的”。句意:這艘船在牙買加附近的風(fēng)暴中……。“風(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起,符合常理的就是“失事”了,C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theprisonerhasbeen()ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensures

B.informed

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證”;B選項(xiàng)inform“通知”;C選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失;剝奪”;D選項(xiàng)convince“說服;使確信”。句意:這個(gè)囚犯……享有普通公民所享有的許多特權(quán)。囚犯與公民自然有區(qū)別,公民享有的許多特權(quán)不是囚犯能享有的,因此C選項(xiàng)“剝奪”符合句意。

17.單選題

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”;mastermind“優(yōu)秀策劃者,幕后操縱者”;masterpiece“杰作”;mastery“精通,掌握”。根據(jù)句意:《最后的晚餐》被廣泛認(rèn)為是達(dá)?芬奇的杰作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

WhenJackwaseighteenhe()goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡;走向;開始從事”;B選項(xiàng)takeup“拿起;開始從事;占據(jù)”;C選項(xiàng)takefor“認(rèn)為;以為”;D選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn);接納”。句意:杰克十八歲時(shí),……和一群奇怪的人來往,而且很晚才回家。本句是說杰克在這個(gè)年齡段的行為,可理解為是一種喜好,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

His()keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮,成功”;B選項(xiàng)punctuality“嚴(yán)守時(shí)間;正確”;C選項(xiàng)humor“幽默,詼諧”;D選項(xiàng)sloth“怠惰,懶惰。句意:他因懶散而不參加體育運(yùn)動。根據(jù)句意“不參加體育運(yùn)動”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thewind()thelightoftheoillamp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swayed

B.vibrated

C.shook

D.flickered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sway“影響;統(tǒng)治”;B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動;顫動”;C選項(xiàng)shake“動搖;搖動”;D選項(xiàng)flicker“閃爍,搖曳”。句意:風(fēng)使油燈的燈光閃爍。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy()tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。acquaintance“熟人;相識;了解”;accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”;access“進(jìn)入;通道;有使用權(quán)”,與介詞to搭配;acquisition“獲得物,獲得”。句意:這套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了讓學(xué)生能快速并且容易使用圖書館資源。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)legal“法律的,合法的”。B選項(xiàng)regulation“規(guī)則,法規(guī)”。C選項(xiàng)limitation“限制,限度”。D選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)議,同意”。句意:艾倫是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動員,從不犯規(guī)。breakregulation譯為“犯規(guī)”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。introduction“介紹,前言,入門”;advertisement“廣告”;book“書”;brochure“小冊子,手冊”。句意:由于你準(zhǔn)備度假,我建議你去旅行社找本假日手冊。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

ProfessorSmithandBrownwill()ingivingtheclasslectures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.alternate

C.change

D.alter

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。differ“與……不同”;alternate“交流,輪流,交替發(fā)生”;change“改變”;alter“改變,更改,修改”。句意:史密斯教授和布朗教授輪流上課。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

25.單選題

Themoderncameralensmaybecoatedwithmorethanten()foreachpieceofitsglass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.levels

B.stories

C.layers

D.formations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)level“水平”。B選項(xiàng)story“故事,小說”。C選項(xiàng)layer“層,膜”。D選項(xiàng)formation“形成,構(gòu)成”。句意:目前相機(jī)鏡頭的每片玻璃可以涂上十層以上的涂層。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.單選題

Asacommander,youshouldnot()thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.express

B.explode

C.exploit

D.expose

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá),快遞”。B選項(xiàng)explode“爆炸,爆發(fā)”。C選項(xiàng)exploit“開發(fā),開拓”。D選項(xiàng)expose“揭露,暴露”。句意:作為一名指揮官,你不應(yīng)該讓士兵們?nèi)ッ安槐匾奈kU(xiǎn)。本句表示“士兵暴露在危險(xiǎn)中”,即讓士兵去冒險(xiǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarIImanyfamousscientistssoughtandreceivedpolitical()intheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influence

B.persecution

C.shelter

D.oppression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influence“影響;勢力”;B選項(xiàng)persecution“迫害;煩擾”;C選項(xiàng)shelter“庇護(hù);避難所”;D選項(xiàng)oppression“壓抑;鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,許多著名的科學(xué)家在美國尋求并得到了政治……。戰(zhàn)爭期間,科學(xué)家們尋求的必然是“政治庇護(hù)”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

28.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國歷史,幾乎總是至少會有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的故事,讓雄心勃勃或不滿足的人有理由收拾行囊,到別處去尋找機(jī)遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右,這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的:讓移民先到大陸,然后再到邊疆開辟草原,排干濕地,并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒有新的土地可以征服,這個(gè)精力充沛、富有進(jìn)取精神的國家將會怎樣?有些人,比如泰迪?羅斯福,決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地),但最終,在工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中,美國在國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)流動的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大,可以為各個(gè)階層的工人提供工作,從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天,我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中為數(shù)不多的亮點(diǎn)相對較小(盡管一些亮點(diǎn)未來可能會增長),而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說一下,你不需要成為下一個(gè)Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg),也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是,你至少需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過一兩年。這個(gè)新興的擇業(yè)市場是全國性的,它為流動階層的成員提供了有競爭力的薪資和更高的議價(jià)權(quán)力。

5.他稱,盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專業(yè)是什么,都有可能找到一份好工作,但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識來接受評判。為了在全國范圍內(nèi)競爭工作崗位,他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能,無論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

29.單選題

BACKin1922,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand...inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasseswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael'sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.Dr.AngristandDr.LavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(i.e.,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses'teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthors,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathsscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

ThebottomlinesaysDrAngrist,isthat"thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky.”Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat().

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept().

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat().

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsgovernments'packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe()

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison'spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.schoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools

D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問:我們可以從第一段中得知什么?針對愛迪生的言論,后文提到“we

allmakemistakes(當(dāng)然,人都會犯錯(cuò))”,由此可判斷作者通過這樣的表述暗指愛迪生的言論錯(cuò)誤。因此B項(xiàng)“愛迪生的預(yù)言被證明是錯(cuò)誤的”表述正確,而其余三項(xiàng)均不能由原文第一段得出,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問Dr.Angrist和Dr.Lavy沒有做下列哪件事?根據(jù)原文第三段可知,這兩位研究人員“comparethetestscoresfor...(對比了學(xué)生的考試成績)和Theyalsoaskedtheclasses'teachershow...(詢問教師如何使用各種教學(xué)材料)”,由此可判斷A選項(xiàng)與B選項(xiàng)表述正確。再由原文第四段“Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe”可知,他們還提供了可能的解釋。因此,A、B和D項(xiàng)都是這兩位研究員所做的事情,而由原文第二段第二句“Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools”可知,C項(xiàng)launchthecomputerprogram是由以色列政府所為,并非這兩位科學(xué)家,因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問:根據(jù)以色列計(jì)劃中Dr.Angrist和Dr.Lavy的表述,學(xué)生分?jǐn)?shù)在測試中沒有進(jìn)步的原因是什么?根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段和第五段,分析這兩段內(nèi)容可知,兩位研究人員提出了電腦沒有提高學(xué)生成績的三種最可能的解釋。而在描述前兩種解釋時(shí),都舉出了不成立的理由,因此可判斷A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,C選項(xiàng)“使用電腦與考試成績之間一直存在著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系”只是一種現(xiàn)象,不是學(xué)生沒有進(jìn)步的原因。作者在闡述第三種解釋時(shí)并未指出其不合理,說明這種解釋有一定的可靠性。這種解釋認(rèn)為:學(xué)生成績沒有進(jìn)步可能是因?yàn)樵诮虒W(xué)中使用電腦并不比其他教學(xué)方法更好(也許還更糟)”。由此可判斷D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題干詢問:由文章最后一段可以推斷出什么?作者指出“Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.”,所以要說明使用電腦有助于課堂教學(xué)這一說法得需要課堂電腦的推廣者來證明。而根據(jù)“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.”可知,要證明他們的觀點(diǎn),唯一可靠的方法當(dāng)然是進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)適當(dāng)?shù)难芯?,把孩子隨機(jī)分配給使用電腦的老師和使用其他方法的老師。因此,作者對以前的研究方法提出了質(zhì)疑,A選項(xiàng)“在這個(gè)問題上還沒有一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)难芯俊北硎稣_。B選項(xiàng)表示“學(xué)校當(dāng)局應(yīng)該提供證據(jù)來支持電腦程序”,C選項(xiàng)表示“在學(xué)校里安裝電腦花費(fèi)太多,但收效甚微”,D選項(xiàng)表示“在教學(xué)中,粉筆和談話比電腦更有效”,均不可由最后一段內(nèi)容得出。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問:作者對政府在學(xué)校安裝電腦似乎是什么樣的態(tài)度?在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A選項(xiàng)biased表示“片面的;有偏見的”;B選項(xiàng)indifferent表示“冷淡的;漠不關(guān)心的”;C選項(xiàng)disapproving表示“反對的;不贊成的”;D選項(xiàng)puzzling表示“費(fèi)解的;令人困惑的”。前文作者講到至少愛迪生沒有浪費(fèi)公共資金,暗示了在學(xué)校安裝電腦取代教科書的使用是浪費(fèi)公共資金。文章最后一段作者引用研究人員的觀點(diǎn),說明在學(xué)校安裝電腦成本明確但收效甚微,并提出應(yīng)該采用適當(dāng)?shù)难芯糠椒▉韺Ρ日嬲贸鍪欠裼斜匾趯W(xué)校安裝電腦來取代課本。因此,作者對在學(xué)校安裝電腦這件事更偏向于持有否定的態(tài)度,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

30.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare()fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.sustained

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)connect“有聯(lián)系的”。B選項(xiàng)sustain“持續(xù)的”。C選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)合的”。D選項(xiàng)suspend“懸浮的,暫?!?。句意:天花板上有幾個(gè)擴(kuò)音器,我們可以很清楚地聽到說話者的聲音。擴(kuò)音器是懸掛在天花板上的,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

31.單選題

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatly

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