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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.outofthequestion
B.withinquestion
C.withoutquestion
D.outofquestion
【答案】A
【解析】介詞短語辨析題。A選項(xiàng)outofthequestion“不可能的”B選項(xiàng);withinquestion“在….的問題”;C選項(xiàng)withoutquestion“毫無疑問,確鑿無疑”,用作副詞;D選項(xiàng)outofquestion“毫無疑問”,用作副詞。根據(jù)句意‘在兩個黨派之間如此的對抗之后,任何和解都將是不可能的?!挥蠥選項(xiàng)可以用作形容詞作be的表語,正確。
2.單選題
Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.irresistible
B.irretrievable
C.irremissible
D.irreplaceable
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘比賽只剩下五分鐘了但我們落后四分,所以這場比賽看上去已完全無法挽救了?!芍?yàn)楸确謶沂?,所以這場比賽的勝利己經(jīng)無法改變了。A選項(xiàng)irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能彌補(bǔ)的”;C選項(xiàng)irremissible“無法逃避的”;D選項(xiàng)irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthe(1)paceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonsters
(2)
thewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatis
(3)
matteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististhe
(4)
totherule.Perhapsthesituation
(5)
a“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,
(6)
itmaygetcompletely
(7)
.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgood
(8)
too.Ittakesthemost
cool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto
(9)
thetemptationtorevengewhen
(10)
touncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowards
(11)
thetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementin
(12)
toanactofpolitenesshelpsto
(13)
anatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltoo
(14)
today.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.(15)
,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakes
(16)
toallowacartoemerge
(17)
asidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,
(18)
afewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebra
(19)
intothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostop
(20)
.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hasty
B.prompt
C.urgent
D.quick
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.above
C.behind
D.by
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theother
B.allother
C.another
D.other
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.exclusion
B.exception
C.modification
D.access
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.callsfor
B.callsout
C.callsupon
D.callsup
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.moreover
B.while
C.otherwise
D.till
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.outofhand
B.inhand
C.athand
D.offhand
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.doubt
B.reason
C.discipline
D.sense
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.resist
B.persist
C.consist
D.insist
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.subject
B.beingsubjected
C.subjected
D.issubjected
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.dismissing
B.relieving
C.releasing
D.removing
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.appeal
B.approach
C.reflection
D.response
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.create
B.produce
C.proceed
D.raise
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.common
B.rare
C.extraordinary
D.unique
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.Therefore
B.Furthermore
C.However
D.Thus
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.politely
B.carefully
C.vigorously
D.violently
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.at
B.on
C.to
D.from
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.though
B.when
C.where
D.which
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.crossing
B.cross
C.beingcrossed
D.tocross
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.ontime
B.intime
C.atatime
D.attimes
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:C
第7題:A
第8題:D
第9題:A
第10題:C
第11題:B
第12題:D
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:C
第16題:D
第17題:D
第18題:B
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】(1)形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)hasty表示的是“匆忙的,草率的”;B選項(xiàng)中prompt表示“立即的,及時的”;C選項(xiàng)中urgent表示“緊急的,緊迫的”;D選項(xiàng)quick表示“快的,迅速的”,此處為“快速的現(xiàn)代生活”中“快速的”一詞的考查。所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(2)介詞用法辨析。此處為考查與wheel的搭配問題。wheel作名詞表示“車輪,輪子”意思時,有搭配為“onwheels”表示“某物裝上了輪子”,當(dāng)wheel作名詞表示“(汽車等的)方向盤”時,有搭配“behindthewheel”表示“手握方向盤,在駕駛”,這里表示‘在駕駛’所以C選項(xiàng)正確。
(3)代詞用法辨析。theother表示“兩者中的另一個”;allother表示“所有其他的”;another表示“三者或三者以上的另一個”;other表示“其他的”,用于兩者之間。此句話要表達(dá)的意思是“如果油箱里有良好的汽油是非常好的一件事,但駕駛員脾氣不好卻是另外一回事”。C選項(xiàng)正確。
(4)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)前半句“或許你可以忍受那些愛搶路的、蠻橫無禮的司機(jī),但是今天行為良好的駕駛員對于規(guī)則來說卻是例外?!盇選項(xiàng)中exclusion表示“排斥,排除”,其后應(yīng)跟介詞of或者from;B選項(xiàng)exception表示“例外”,其后可跟介詞to;C選項(xiàng)modification表示“修改,改進(jìn)”;D選項(xiàng)access表示“進(jìn)入,使用權(quán),通路”。根據(jù)題意和空格后的介詞to可知B選項(xiàng)表示是一個特例正確。
(5)動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor表示“要求,需要”;B選項(xiàng)callout表示“出動,召集”;C選項(xiàng)callupon表示“邀請,恭請”;D選項(xiàng)callup表示“回憶”;根據(jù)句意‘也許這樣的情況急需一個“善待其他司機(jī)”的活動’確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(6)連詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)moreover表示“然而”;B選項(xiàng)while表示對比兩件事情)然而或當(dāng)……的時候”;C選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”;D選項(xiàng)till表示“直到……”。由前半句可知后半句句意為“否則情況將變得完全難以控制?!盋選項(xiàng)正確。
(7)介詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)outofhand表示“難以控制,脫手”;B選項(xiàng)inhand表示“在控制中”;C選項(xiàng)athand表示“接近”;D選項(xiàng)offhand表示“不再負(fù)責(zé)”。根據(jù)句意“否則情況將變得無法控制”,A選項(xiàng)正確。
(8)名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)doubt表示“懷疑”;B選項(xiàng)reason表示“理由”;C選項(xiàng)discipline表示“學(xué)科,紀(jì)律”,D選項(xiàng)sense“感覺,理智”;本句的意思是“道路禮貌不僅僅是良好行為的表現(xiàn),同樣也是理智的表現(xiàn)?!眊oodsense表示“理智,判斷力強(qiáng)”,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
(9)動詞詞義辨析。由上句話可知,A選項(xiàng)resist表示“抵抗”;B選項(xiàng)persist表示“堅持;C選項(xiàng)consist表示“由……組成”;D選項(xiàng)insist表示“堅持,強(qiáng)調(diào)”。根據(jù)句意“道路禮貌”是有積極作用的,因此能幫助司機(jī)去“抵抗”報復(fù)的誘惑。A選項(xiàng)正確。
(10)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。whensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior表達(dá)的意思是“遭受不文明的行為時”,這句話的主謂語和主句的主謂語一樣,所以when后其實(shí)省略了主謂語theyare”,根據(jù)句型“besubjectedtosth.”確定C選項(xiàng)正確。
(11)動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dismissing表示“解散,不予考慮”;B選項(xiàng)relieving表示“緩解”;C選項(xiàng)releasing表示“放松”;D選項(xiàng)removing表示“移開”;此句話要表達(dá)的意思為“另一方面,一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)禮貌就可以很大程度上緩解司機(jī)的情緒”,B選項(xiàng)正確。
(12)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appeal表示“吸引力,呼吁”;B選項(xiàng)approach表示“方法”;C選項(xiàng)reflection表示“沉思,回憶”;D選項(xiàng)response“回應(yīng)”。根據(jù)上句,別人對你禮貌,你也應(yīng)該“回應(yīng)”別人的禮貌,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(13)動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)create表示“創(chuàng)造,引起(感覺或印象)”;B選項(xiàng)produce表示“生產(chǎn)(商品)”;C選項(xiàng)proceed表示“接著做,繼續(xù)”;D選項(xiàng)raise表示“引起(人的情緒)”。此句要表達(dá)的意思是“對別人禮貌的回應(yīng)有助于創(chuàng)造善意的氛圍”,A選項(xiàng)正確。
(14)形容詞詞義辨析。上句話是說道路上的禮貌很有好處,但是此句中有一個but轉(zhuǎn)折,可知此句為表達(dá)否定的意思。A選項(xiàng)common表達(dá)“普通的,平常的”;B選項(xiàng)rare表示“稀少的”;C選項(xiàng)extraordinary表示“不平凡的”;D選項(xiàng)unique表示“特殊的,獨(dú)特的”。由句意“但是,今天這種道路上禮貌的意識太少了?!笨芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。
(15)副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Therefore表示“因此”;B選項(xiàng)Furthermore表示“而且,此外”;C選項(xiàng)However表示“然而”;D選項(xiàng)Thus表示“因此,從而,如此”。本句話表達(dá)的意思與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,所以句意為“然而,錯誤的禮貌也是很危險的?!盋選項(xiàng)正確。
(16)詞詞義辨析。此句話表示的是“典型的例子就是司機(jī)猛地停車……”A選項(xiàng)politely表示“有禮貌地”;B選項(xiàng)carefully表示“小心地”;C選項(xiàng)vigorously表示“精力旺盛地”;D選項(xiàng)violently“猛烈地,激烈地”,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
(17)介詞用法辨析。emergefrom表示“出現(xiàn),露出”,此句表示的一輛車從道路旁邊冒出來,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(18)連詞詞義辨析。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句;where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句;which表示“哪一個”,一般在從句中要充當(dāng)某一成分。由其后的afewsecondslater“幾秒鐘之后”,可知與時間有關(guān)系,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
(19)同根名詞與動詞辨析。此句話表示“司機(jī)揮手讓孩子過斑馬線”。zebracrossing表示“斑馬線”,此時crossing用作名詞,A選項(xiàng)正確。
(20)副詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)ontime表示“按時,準(zhǔn)時”;B選項(xiàng)intime表示“及時”;C選項(xiàng)表示“每次,一次”;D選項(xiàng)attimes表示“有時,偶爾”。此句話的意思為“司機(jī)揮手讓孩子過斑馬線,進(jìn)入迎面有車輛行駛的車道,而這些車輛又不能及時停下來?!彼訠選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepersandbecauseofthiscanclaimhumanity'slongestcontinuous(
)ofnaturalevents.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.defiance
B.documentation
C.maintenance
D.domination
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的defiance“挑戰(zhàn),挑釁,蔑視”;B選項(xiàng)的documentation“文件”;C選項(xiàng)的maintenance“維持,維修,保養(yǎng)”;D選項(xiàng)的domination“支配,統(tǒng)治”。根據(jù)句意‘中國人繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察,可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻(xiàn)記錄者,基于這一原因,中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最漫長悠久、持之以恒的文獻(xiàn)記載’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues(
)andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.revolved
B.resolved
C.revived
D.revolted
【答案】D
【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下,當(dāng)他的三個高級內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議,這對這位首相的打擊有多大?!芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”;C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活,使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛,起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對應(yīng),D選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuchdelicatenegotiations,(
)tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resolved...detrimental
B.hesitated...warranted
C.declined...inopportune
D.struggled...unconscionable
【答案】C
【解析】詞義辨析題。第一個空的選項(xiàng):resolve“決定,溶解”;hesitate“猶豫,有疑慮”;decline“下降,衰落,婉拒”:struggle“努力,掙扎,對抗”,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞patience和suddencommitment可以推斷出第一個空應(yīng)選則填入declined:第二個空的選項(xiàng):detrimental“不利的,有害的”;warranted“保證的,擔(dān)保的”;inopportune“不適當(dāng)?shù)?,不合時機(jī)的”;unconscionable“昧著良心的,肆無忌憚的,過度的”根據(jù)第一個空的選詞和句意‘因在如此微妙的談判中表現(xiàn)出來的耐心和技巧而當(dāng)選的這位外交官拒絕在會談中做出決定,因?yàn)樵谀欠N情況下,任何突然的承諾都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹_定第二個空填入inopportune,C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
InpartsoftheArctic,thelandgradesintothelandfasticeso(
)thatyoucanwalkoffthecoastandnotknowyouareoverthehiddensea.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.permanently
B.imperceptibly
C.irregular
D.precariously
【答案】B
【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)permanently“永久地,長期不變地”;B選項(xiàng)imperceptibly“極細(xì)微地,察覺不到地”;C選項(xiàng)irregularly“不規(guī)則地,不整齊地”;D選項(xiàng)precariously“不安全地,不牢靠地”。根據(jù)句意‘在北極的部分地區(qū),陸地逐漸變成固定冰,這一點(diǎn)難以覺察。你可以遠(yuǎn)離海岸,卻不知道自己在隱秘的海洋之上?!疊選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,
(1)
absolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferent(2)Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;
(3)
thequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturing
(4)
mustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.
Thecostofaproduct
(5)
moneymaynotmeasureitstruecost
(6)
society.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthe
(7)
oftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasa
(8)
Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeansthe
(9)
ofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.In
(10)
howtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythe
(11)
ofthecommunity,thisopportunitymustbetakenintoaccount.
Inamarket
(12)
thepriceofagoodandthequantity
(13)
dependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,
(14)
,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanism
(15)
thisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andother
(16)
usedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceofthese
(17)
,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduce
(18)
---iftheleathercanusedtoproducehandbagsthatare
(19)
highlybyconsumers,thepriceoftheleatherwillbebidup
(20)
.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.composing
B.imposing
C.exposing
D.disposing
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.uses
B.ways
C.areas
D.forms
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.since
B.unless
C.as
D.if
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.plant
B.firm
C.process
D.procedure
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.inregardto
B.intermsof
C.inviewof
D.inrelationto
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.in
C.on
D.of
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.charge
B.expense
C.price
D.value
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.product
B.purpose
C.result
D.rule
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.diminishing
B.abandoning
C.discarding
D.substituting
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.deciding
B.assessing
C.predicting
D.projecting
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.wants
B.desires
C.premises
D.facilities
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.state
B.system
C.condition
D.economy
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.presented
B.delivered
C.supplied
D.forwarded
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.accordingly
B.ultimately
C.consequently
D.practically
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.formulates
B.regulates
C.enhances
D.enforces
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.components
B.substances
C.elements
D.materials
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.outputs
B.inputs
C.goods
D.articles
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.anyway
B.somehow
C.somewhere
D.elsewhere
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.appraised
B.appealed
C.approved
D.approached
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.passionately
B.unanimously
C.spontaneously
D.correspondingly
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:A
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:A
第12題:D
第13題:C
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:C
第17題:B
第18題:D
第19題:A
第20題:D
【解析】(1)動詞辨析題。由所給出的選項(xiàng)可知,此處需要現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,相當(dāng)于次要謂語,說明“地球表面有限”與“絕對資源短缺”的關(guān)系。據(jù)此判斷,B選項(xiàng)imposing“強(qiáng)加”表明這種“絕對短缺”是一種自然狀況,是我們無法改變的,用在此處最恰當(dāng)。A選項(xiàng)composing“構(gòu)成”,C選項(xiàng)exposing“暴露,揭示”,D選項(xiàng)disposing“安排,處理”,四個詞的詞根相同,詞義不同,屬于干擾選項(xiàng)。
(2)介詞辨析題。從與介詞in的搭配上看,四個選項(xiàng)皆可用,但據(jù)其下文看,涉及的都是資源的應(yīng)用問題,故A選項(xiàng)uses“用法,用途”正確;B選項(xiàng)ways“方法";C選項(xiàng)areas“領(lǐng)域”;D選項(xiàng)forms“形式”,均不合題意。
(3)連詞辨析題。上句說明了“相對資源短缺”的一個意義。此句則解釋它的另一意義“投入資源的數(shù)量是有限的,它用于制造某種產(chǎn)品上的數(shù)量增加,必然導(dǎo)致在其他應(yīng)用上的減少”。所以D選項(xiàng)if“如果”表示條件,正確。A選項(xiàng)“由于,既然”;B選項(xiàng)“如果……不,除非”;C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)椤本缓暇湟膺壿嫛?/p>
(4)名詞辨析題。由上題的分析可知,C選項(xiàng)“過程”正確,manufacturingprocess意指“制造或生產(chǎn)某物的過程”。A選項(xiàng)“工廠”;B選項(xiàng)“公司”;D選項(xiàng)“程序”。
(5)介詞短語辨析題。根據(jù)句意判斷,B選項(xiàng)“按照,就……而言”,介詞短語intermsofmoney修飾thecostofaproduct意為“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本”。A選項(xiàng)“至于”,C選項(xiàng)“由于”,D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)系到”,均不符合語境。
(6)介詞用法辨析題。thecostofsth.意為“……的費(fèi)用或成本”,thecosttosb./sth.意為“……所付出的費(fèi)用或代價”。句意“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本不能表明社會付出的實(shí)際代價”確定A選項(xiàng)正確。
(7)名詞辨析題。此空處于表語位置,應(yīng)與其主語thetruecost相呼應(yīng),所以D選項(xiàng)“價值,(公平的)代價”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要價,收費(fèi)”;B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi),開支”;C選項(xiàng)“價格”,皆不適用。
(8)名詞辨析題。將各選項(xiàng)分別代入句中,A選項(xiàng)asaproduct“作為一種產(chǎn)品”;B選項(xiàng)asapurpose“作為一種用途”;C選項(xiàng)asaresult“作為一種結(jié)果,因此”;D項(xiàng)asarule“通?!?,根據(jù)句意“比如,制造一架超音速噴氣式飛機(jī)的實(shí)際成本,就是因此而不能建造許多學(xué)校和冰箱的代價?!贝_定C選項(xiàng)正確。
(9)動詞辨析題。此題的前一句指出每項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)活動都消耗掉一部分社會可用資源,這意味著什么呢?根據(jù)句意‘它意味著放棄創(chuàng)造其他東西的機(jī)會?!_定B選項(xiàng)abandoning“放棄”符合句意;A選項(xiàng)“減少”,C選項(xiàng)“丟棄”,D選項(xiàng)“取代”均不合句意。
(10)動詞辨析題。根據(jù)上一句的論斷,此句提出建議,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的…時,必須考慮到這一機(jī)會。所以A選項(xiàng)deciding“對……作出抉擇,覺得”正確。
(11)動詞辨析題。動詞satisfy常與needs,demand,wants等詞連用,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的需要時,必須考慮到這一機(jī)會。所以A“需要(之物)”正確;B“愿望",C“前提",D“設(shè)施”,均不合句意。
(12)名詞辨析題。marketeconomy“市場經(jīng)濟(jì)”是常用搭配,而economy又有“就經(jīng)濟(jì)體制而言的國家”,經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”之意,因而A選項(xiàng)“國家”,B選項(xiàng)“制度”均可排除;C“狀況”不合句意,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(13)動詞辨析題。此空所需的分詞修飾thequantity“數(shù)量”,句意:在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,所以C選項(xiàng)“供應(yīng)(生產(chǎn))”恰當(dāng),正確。A選項(xiàng)“提交”,B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)送,交付”,D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)送”,不合句意。
(14)副詞辨析題。句意:在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,而成本最終是不制造其他商品的成本。此處的thecost不同于上句末的thecostofmakingit,而是指其后果造成的代價,B選項(xiàng)“最終,終極”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因此”,C選項(xiàng)“因此,所以”,D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上”,均不合句意。
(15)動詞辨析題。此段第1句闡明了在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下商品的制造成本與社會成本之間的連帶關(guān)系。由此可見,這種關(guān)系是市場機(jī)制的突出特點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確,A選項(xiàng)“制定,用公式表示”,B選項(xiàng)“控制,調(diào)整”,C選項(xiàng)“提高,增加”,均不合句意。
(16)名詞辨析題。由other可知,此處所需之詞不僅指制做皮鞋所需的各種材料,還應(yīng)包括投入的人工、時間等。句意:市場機(jī)制強(qiáng)化了這種關(guān)系。比如說,一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過程中使用的其他元素的價格。C選項(xiàng)“成分,要素”最具概括性,符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“構(gòu)成部分,部件”,B選項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)”,D選項(xiàng)“材料”,太片面,不合句意。
(17)名詞辨析題。與上題類似,此處同樣需要一個能概括各種要素的詞,句意:但這些投入的價格,反過來又取決于它們能生產(chǎn)…。B選項(xiàng)“投入”正確。A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)出”,C選項(xiàng)“商品”,D選項(xiàng)“物品”,不合句意。
(18)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘但反過來,這些投入的價格又取決于它們在其他地方能生產(chǎn)什么’判斷,D選項(xiàng)“在別處”,意指生產(chǎn)其他商品,符合句意。破折號后的句子對此做了具體說明。A選項(xiàng)“無論如何”,B選項(xiàng)“以某種方式”,C選項(xiàng)“在某處”,不合句意。
(19)動詞辨析題。由后面主句中的willbebidup“會被抬高”判斷,此處用A選項(xiàng)“評價”符合句意‘如果皮革能用于生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評價的手袋,’。B選項(xiàng)“有吸引力”,非及物動詞不可用被動語態(tài),排除;C選項(xiàng)“贊成”,D選項(xiàng)“處理,對付”,不合句意。
(20)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)if從句的句意‘如果這些皮革能用來生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評價的手袋,那么皮革的價格將相應(yīng)地上漲?!?,D選項(xiàng)“相應(yīng)地”正確;A選項(xiàng)“熱誠地”,B選項(xiàng)“一致地”,C選項(xiàng)“自發(fā)地”,不合句意。
9.單選題
Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan(
)thesituation.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.envisage
B.disperse
C.diffuse
D.redeem
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)envisage“正視,面對”;B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散,分開,使傳播”;C選項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散”;D選項(xiàng)redeem“贖回,挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要,并且如果最終書目決定錯了,即使再多的邏輯信息也無法挽救這個局面?!疍選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience(
).
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury
(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.
B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen
C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance
D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience
B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch
C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature
D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.
B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.
C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.
D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.
B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.
C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.
D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學(xué)是很難預(yù)測的,如果真是科學(xué),也就不可能去預(yù)測。文中的predict對應(yīng)于選項(xiàng)B中的foreseen,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家們被告知我們?nèi)祟悓κ澜鐜缀跏且粺o所知的,那么他們將會非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為自己對世界一無所知,所以A選項(xiàng)‘認(rèn)為他們知道很多,可以解決大多數(shù)科學(xué)問題’正確,C選項(xiàng)與A選項(xiàng)表述相反,錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“不敢面對科學(xué)研究的事實(shí)”和D選項(xiàng)“在人類對自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期,我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律,要么對此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來搪塞?!贝_定A選項(xiàng)“捏造錯誤的理論來解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項(xiàng)“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學(xué)家的特點(diǎn),只有C選項(xiàng)“他們不相信科學(xué)觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒有提及,或者用排除法,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難,但人類遲早會解決這些問題”所以C選項(xiàng)“雖然意識到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對科學(xué)的態(tài)度。
11.單選題
Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed(
)asdictatorialrole.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.itwasdescribedthen
B.thatwasdescribedatthattime
C.whatwasdescribedatthattime
D.whichwasdescribedatthattime
【答案】C
【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法。句意:因?yàn)檫@場叛亂,這位上將在那段時間的所作所為被認(rèn)定為是獨(dú)裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語,后面的部分作賓語從句,而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分,這是what的特殊用法,有雙重作用,故選C選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.
Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.
1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere(
).
2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat
(
).
3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause
(
).
4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fashionable
B.extraordinary
C.special
D.basic
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers
B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution
C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely
D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight
B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun
C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight
D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye
B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves
C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam
D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章開頭‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世紀(jì)60年代之前,外科手術(shù)使用過的工具有:石頭,鋒利的骨頭和角,金屬刀,橡膠和塑料。確定這些工具都是很基本的,D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。由第二段中所舉的眼科手術(shù)的例子可知,使用激光做手術(shù),可以讓患者感覺輕松和舒服,不需要很長時間就能恢復(fù),徹底改變了外科手術(shù)的方法,C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而,激光束中的光是集中的,這意味著不需要比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生更多的能量就能點(diǎn)燃,當(dāng)它集中在一個針尖大小的光束上時,就會變得非常強(qiáng)烈?!笨芍?,激光光束強(qiáng)是因?yàn)樗墓馐鴽]有分散,而是集中成針尖大小的光束,所以A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.沒有刀,沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。手術(shù)曾經(jīng)讓病人精疲力竭,需要很長時間的恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在讓他們感到放松和舒適?!笨芍?,使用激光做外科手術(shù),可以讓病人遭受極少的痛苦,B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.
Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.
Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.
Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.
Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.
Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.
Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.
BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.
Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.
AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.
Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.
1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause(
).
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis
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