2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號82

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itwasacloseboxinggame,buttheboxerinbluewas______tobethewinnerbythreeofthefourreferees.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destined

B.deemed

C.doomed

D.adapted

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)destined“指定”；B選項(xiàng)deemed“認(rèn)為”；C選項(xiàng)doomed“注定”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)；改裝”。句意：這是一場勢均力敵的拳擊比賽，但4名裁判中有3名______穿藍(lán)衣服的拳擊手獲勝。根據(jù)語境，這里指有三位裁判判穿藍(lán)衣服的拳擊手獲勝，B選項(xiàng)deemed“認(rèn)為”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theageofgildedyouth(紈绔子弟)isover.Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.

ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,whocarriedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime’searningstocareforthem.”

Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,today’sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahome,itismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhomeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts.”shesaid,“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears-andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.

1.Bysaying“thegrowthoftheproportion…toyoungergenerations”(Para.2),AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat________.

2.Whyaretoday’soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

3.Whichfactorpushedhouseprices?

4.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergeneration

B.traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

C.withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

D.withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheycontributedasmallportioninlaxbutenjoymoreonthewelfaresystem.

B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.

B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.

C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgagetoryounggeneration.

D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bytakingphotographsformagazines.

B.Bymarringarichman.

C.Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.

D.Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Today’sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritain

B.LauraLenox-Conyngham’sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoungprofessionalsinBritain

C.Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritain

D.EldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句AntheaTinker…saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.（AntheaTinker表示，50歲以上人口比例的增長逆轉(zhuǎn)了財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢。），可知因?yàn)?0歲以上人口比例的增長，財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢被逆轉(zhuǎn)。結(jié)合第一段第三句Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.（對1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，與上一代人相比，他們可能終生面臨更長的工作時(shí)間、更低的工作保障和更高的稅收。）和第二段第一句ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.（一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英國人口老齡化如何影響不同世代的研究揭示了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。），可知AntheaTinker的研究對老一代和年輕一代的財(cái)富進(jìn)行對比，是為了證明人口老齡化讓財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代，C選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來越多，出現(xiàn)了財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代的趨勢”正確。A選項(xiàng)“目前財(cái)富從老一代流向年輕一代”和B選項(xiàng)“在傳統(tǒng)上財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代”：和文中觀點(diǎn)相反，屬于反向干擾。D選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來越多，傳統(tǒng)被顛覆了”：文中的重點(diǎn)是人口老齡化對財(cái)富趨勢的影響，而不是對傳統(tǒng)的改變，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.”（“如今的中老年人口正在成為新的贏家?！彼f，“他們繳納的稅款相對較少，但現(xiàn)在對福利制度的要求相對較高?！保?，可知A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冐暙I(xiàn)得少，但在福利制度上享受更多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兝U納了很多稅收，現(xiàn)在可以要求更多的福利制度”：他們沒有繳納很多稅款，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冐暙I(xiàn)得少，但現(xiàn)在可以很容易地賺錢”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冊跀?shù)量上超過了年輕一代，在當(dāng)今社會(huì)享有更多的特權(quán)”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.（老年人數(shù)量的激增，其中許多人獨(dú)自生活，也增加了對房產(chǎn)的需求，推高了房價(jià)。），可知D選項(xiàng)“老年人的數(shù)量越來越多，其中許多人獨(dú)自生活”正確。A選項(xiàng)“許多獨(dú)自生活的年輕人對房子的需求增加了”和B選項(xiàng)“許多年輕人需要租更多的房子”：文中說的是老年人而非年輕人對房子的需求增加，屬于曲解原文。C選項(xiàng)“年輕人很容易申請抵押貸款”：根據(jù)第三段第二句previousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage（前幾代人很容易就能拿到抵押貸款），可知是前幾代人而非現(xiàn)在的年輕人很容易申請抵押貸款，與題干中房價(jià)上漲的內(nèi)容無關(guān)，屬于曲解原文和出處錯(cuò)位。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第六句Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.（她現(xiàn)在一年能掙2萬英鎊，以為雜志拍照為生。），可知A選項(xiàng)“通過為雜志拍照”正確，D選項(xiàng)“通過為一些雜志拍攝照片而準(zhǔn)備食物”不符合原文意思，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“嫁給一個(gè)有錢人”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.（按照傳統(tǒng)，我唯一的希望就是遇到一個(gè)有錢人。），這里指的是她的想法而非謀生方式，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C選項(xiàng)“把沙發(fā)床轉(zhuǎn)租給她哥哥”：根據(jù)第三段第七句shesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother（她把沙發(fā)床轉(zhuǎn)租給了她的弟弟），這是她做過的事情，但并不以此為生，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第一段第二句提出Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.（如今30歲以下的人是一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來第一代生活水平低于他們父母的人。），隨后通過研究和具體的例子來證明這一點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“在英國，30歲以下的人的生活可能會(huì)變得更加艱難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在如今的英國，30歲以下的人過著悲慘的生活”：文中表示30歲以下的人處境更難，但沒有到很悲慘的地步，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“LauraLenox-Conyngham對工作和生活的態(tài)度代表了英國許多年輕專業(yè)人士的態(tài)度”：根據(jù)文章最后一句Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals（Tinker的研究表明Lenox-Conyngham是許多年輕專業(yè)人士的代表），文中沒有表明她對工作和生活的態(tài)度如同其他年輕專業(yè)人士，屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“在英國，老年人享有極高的生活水平”：文中提到老年人納稅較少，但享受的福利力度較大，但不等于生活水平極高，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,______wasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”；B選項(xiàng)andthen“然后；其次”；C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”；D選項(xiàng)evenso“即使如此”。句意：當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我想我是在學(xué)校，______是在和一個(gè)朋友度假。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是要么在學(xué)校，要么在度假，A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thisisthemilitary______.Nobodyisallowedtogetinwithoutpermission.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.zone

C.butter

D.zoo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”；B選項(xiàng)zone“（有某特色或作用的）地區(qū)”；C選項(xiàng)butter“黃油”；D選項(xiàng)zoo“動(dòng)物園”。句意：這是軍事______。未經(jīng)允許，任何人不得入內(nèi)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不得進(jìn)入一個(gè)區(qū)域，B選項(xiàng)zone“有某特色或作用的）地區(qū)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hisdebtshadtobe______afterhecommittedsuicidewithhisrifle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidoff

B.writtenoff

C.turnedoff

D.putoff

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)laidoff“下崗，解雇”；B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷；注銷”；C選項(xiàng)turnedoff“關(guān)閉”；D選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲”。句意：他用步槍自殺后，他欠下的債務(wù)不得不______。根據(jù)語境，這里指他自殺后債務(wù)就不存在了，B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷；注銷”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)originate“起源；創(chuàng)建”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；C選項(xiàng)double“兩倍的；成雙的；雙人的”；D選項(xiàng)joint“聯(lián)合的”。句意：英語教學(xué)的方法______，但并不是所有的方法對我們的中國學(xué)生都同樣有效。根據(jù)不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多種方法，B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的；具備條件的”；B選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的；精美的”；C選項(xiàng)diligent“勤勉的”；D選項(xiàng)qualified“有文憑的；有限度的，有保留的”。句意：她認(rèn)識(shí)很多年輕人，但要選擇一個(gè)既有錢又有魅力的______卻不容易。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使這么多優(yōu)秀的人，選一個(gè)合心意的也不容易。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

______,themoreseverethewintersare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themoreyougonorth

B.Thefarthernorthyougo

C.Themorenorthyougo

D.Thefartheryougothenorth

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查比較級。A選項(xiàng)Themoreyougonorth“去北方的次數(shù)越多”；B選項(xiàng)Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”；C選項(xiàng)Themorenorthyougo語法錯(cuò)誤，more和north不放一起；D選項(xiàng)Thefartheryougothenorth應(yīng)該是gotothenorth。句意：______，冬天的寒氣越重。結(jié)合語境，B選項(xiàng)Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswords______asoracles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的；極好的”；B選項(xiàng)rebellious“叛逆的”；C選項(xiàng)faithful“忠實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)unbearable“無法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的話當(dāng)作神諭一樣______。根據(jù)語境，這里指把主管的話看得像神諭一樣神圣，A選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Hegaveusagood______ofhisexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstration

B.frequency

C.description

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demonstration“表現(xiàn)，顯露；游行示威”；B選項(xiàng)frequency“重復(fù)率”；C選項(xiàng)description“描述；類型”；D選項(xiàng)instruction“命令”。句意：他向我們很好地______了他的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是分享他的經(jīng)歷，C選項(xiàng)description“描述”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase______verylittle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesupfor

B.addsupto

C.comesupwith

D.putsupwith

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makesupfor“彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)addsupto“總計(jì)為；累計(jì)起來”；C選項(xiàng)comesupwith“想出；趕上”；D選項(xiàng)putsupwith“忍受，容忍”。句意：我們收集到的有關(guān)那個(gè)案件的所有資料______毫無價(jià)值。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這些資料沒有價(jià)值，B選項(xiàng)addsupto“總計(jì)為；累計(jì)起來”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

______isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesunandnottheearth

B.Beingthesunandnottheearth

C.Itisthesunandnottheearth

D.Thesunandnottheearth

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查主語從句。句意：在中世紀(jì)，行星系的中心是太陽而不是地球，這是一個(gè)很難理解的概念。句子開頭到planetarysystem是主語從句，意思是“行星系的中心是太陽而不是地球”，其中橫線部分充當(dāng)主語從句的主語。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句在句首時(shí)，that不能省略，A選項(xiàng)Thatthesunandnottheearth符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullup

B.pluckup

C.holdup

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)pullup“停車；停下；（將椅子）挪近然后坐下”；B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”，pluckupthecourage(todosth.)；C選項(xiàng)holdup“舉起；耽擱；（在逆境中）保持良好狀況”；D選項(xiàng)setup“設(shè)置；成立；創(chuàng)建”。句意：別灰心！你應(yīng)該______勇氣克服困難。根據(jù)語境，這里指要勇敢面對困難，B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受人類影響的氣候變化提高了包括營養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關(guān)的各種疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球變暖造成疾病死亡率上升，沒有說到貧窮國家的具體情況，B選項(xiàng)“由于全球變暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正確，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良在貧窮國家造成了嚴(yán)重的健康問題”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“全球氣溫影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度”：根據(jù)第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear（全球變暖每年造成超過30萬人死亡，約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。），可知全球變暖造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，而不是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢與人口和自然災(zāi)害有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.（這份將于周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告分析了有關(guān)健康、災(zāi)害、人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究。），可知并沒有指出這些研究內(nèi)容的關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.（但在發(fā)布之前，該報(bào)告就遭到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評，他們質(zhì)疑報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論。），可知有的氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家對此提出質(zhì)疑，A選項(xiàng)“它受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它引起了科學(xué)界的極大興趣”，C選項(xiàng)“它受到了環(huán)保主義者的熱烈歡迎”和D選項(xiàng)“它在發(fā)展中國家引起了很大的轟動(dòng)”：文中沒有提到這個(gè)報(bào)告在整個(gè)科學(xué)界和發(fā)展中國家的影響，也沒有提到環(huán)保主義者對此的看法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”（RogerPielkeJr.說論壇的報(bào)告是“方法論上的難題”），可知Pielke不認(rèn)同這份報(bào)告的方法，沒有對其數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評價(jià)，B選項(xiàng)“從方法論來講是無效的”正確，A選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)看起來很尷尬”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“值得我們密切關(guān)注”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.（皮爾克博士說“氣候變化是一個(gè)需要我們高度關(guān)注的重要問題?！保?，可知需要關(guān)注的是氣候變化而非報(bào)告，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“結(jié)論被故意夸大”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.（然而，SorenAndreasen……稱這些數(shù)字顯然是粗略的估計(jì)。他說，這份報(bào)告的目標(biāo)是世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將于12月在哥本哈根開會(huì)，就新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判。），可知報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略的估計(jì)，不是仔細(xì)收集的，A選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告的結(jié)論基于仔細(xì)收集的數(shù)據(jù)”錯(cuò)誤；而這粗略的估計(jì)主要是給世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看的，D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告粗略估計(jì)是為了吸引世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意”正確；這些世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將出席哥本哈根，而不是說報(bào)告會(huì)在這個(gè)會(huì)議上引起熱烈討論，C選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告將在哥本哈根會(huì)議上引起熱烈的討論”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果仔細(xì)核查統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，報(bào)告經(jīng)不起推敲”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.（Annan在描述這份報(bào)告的新聞稿中強(qiáng)調(diào)，談判有必要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富裕地區(qū)向貧困地區(qū)的資金流動(dòng)上，以幫助這些地區(qū)降低對氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性，同時(shí)仍然控制溫室氣體的排放。），可知Annan認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是富裕地區(qū)幫助貧困地區(qū)面對氣候?yàn)?zāi)害，而不是如何解決全球性的問題，D選項(xiàng)“富裕國家如何更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害”正確；A選項(xiàng)“富國和窮國如何分擔(dān)遏制全球變暖的責(zé)任”，B選項(xiàng)“如何減少氣候變化造成的人類和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”和C選項(xiàng)“如何在全球范圍內(nèi)減少溫室氣體的排放”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：警察盤問那人時(shí)，他否認(rèn)偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語denydoingsth.確定非謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingstolen符合題意。沒有denytodosth.的用法，A選項(xiàng)tohavestolen和B選項(xiàng)tosteal錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)havingbeenstealing沒有這個(gè)用法，語法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeathofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillhardtoswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongerterm.(1)Themoreimportantchallengesistocreateopportunitiesandadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbecooperatorssometimescompetitors.

Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.(2)InplaceofclassictheoryofdecreasingreturnsasresourcesandmarketsareexploitedeconomistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.“Increasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfartherahead,”hesays.“ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology—oneofmanycompetinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasingreturnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanycanmakeakillingfromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors.”

(3)Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingbasicincommonthereisworryingnewsforbosses.Thefirstruleofcomplexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy,”saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhichapredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,speciesA,tothrive.(4)ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethepredatorhasanotherpreyspeciesB,competingwithspeciesA.WiththepopulationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayevenpushspeciesAtolocalextinction.

Businessecosystemsfaceproblemofdecidingwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn’tstophere.“Wheneverythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,”saysPimm.(60)“Sometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”

【答案】1.在復(fù)雜的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，企業(yè)之間有時(shí)合作有時(shí)競爭，更重要的挑戰(zhàn)是創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)并適應(yīng)變化。

2.隨著資源和市場的開發(fā)，傳統(tǒng)的收益遞減理論被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家亞瑟提出的收益遞增理論取代。

3.如果商業(yè)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有一些基本的共同點(diǎn)，那么老板們就會(huì)擔(dān)憂。

4.但物種A總是遭殃，因?yàn)椴妒痴哂辛硪粋€(gè)獵物物種B，而物種B與物種A競爭。

5.有時(shí)，盡管不是自身的錯(cuò)，物種也可能會(huì)滅絕。

18.單選題

Hewas______aboutthespringoutingbutbecamebackquitedepressedandsaidheshouldn’thavejoinedinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.courageous

B.discouraged

C.enthusiastic

D.fantastic

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)courageous“勇敢的”；B選項(xiàng)discouraged“灰心的”；C選項(xiàng)enthusiastic“熱衷的；熱烈的”；D選項(xiàng)fantastic“極好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本來______于春游，但回來時(shí)卻很沮喪，說他不應(yīng)該參加春游。根據(jù)語境，這里指在春游之前他對此非常激動(dòng)和期待，C選項(xiàng)enthusiastic“熱衷的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Everyone______therighttohisownopinion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitates

B.requests

C.deserves

D.outlines

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imitates“模仿”；B選項(xiàng)requests“正式要求，請求”；C選項(xiàng)deserves“應(yīng)得”；D選項(xiàng)outlines“概括”。句意：每個(gè)人都______權(quán)利持有自己的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)符合題意。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是每個(gè)人本身都有權(quán)利持有自己的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)deserves“應(yīng)得”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎業(yè)務(wù)的用戶有轉(zhuǎn)向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)遇到強(qiáng)勁對手，接下來三段都在講谷歌的競爭對手具體采取的措施和谷歌競爭，D選項(xiàng)“谷歌面臨激烈競爭”正確。A選項(xiàng)“谷歌設(shè)法在軟件業(yè)務(wù)中奪取更多的市場份額”，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌的增長在很大程度上威脅到了微軟這樣的公司”和C選項(xiàng)“谷歌主導(dǎo)了在線搜索市場”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。文章在第一段提出許多人因?yàn)閼T性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高興，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)樹敵無數(shù)，現(xiàn)在必須打許多仗；因?yàn)楣雀?，也許是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免費(fèi)的在線電子表格程序），列舉了谷歌在其他領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)，可知這里表示的是谷歌的業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，一方面對外有很多競爭者，一方面對內(nèi)可能精力不足，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其對手正試圖結(jié)成聯(lián)盟”，C選項(xiàng)“谷歌高估了它的技術(shù)”和D選項(xiàng)“谷歌新的在線節(jié)目吸引了更多的用戶”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。aikido的意思是“合氣道（以擒、摔為主的一種日本武術(shù)）”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一個(gè)好的武術(shù)家可以利用他的對手的勢頭來戰(zhàn)勝他，所以“我們使用搜索合氣道”），所以在這里合氣道的意思是利用對手的攻勢來反攻對方，C選項(xiàng)“利用對手的力量保護(hù)自己”正確。A選項(xiàng)“觀察雙方的力量對比”，B選項(xiàng)“為了發(fā)動(dòng)暴力反擊而做出的暫時(shí)妥協(xié)”和D選項(xiàng)“攻擊對手的明顯弱點(diǎn)”：不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,a