2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號39

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless（

）thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

問題1選項

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A選項“次要的，不重要的”；B選項“接著的，相鄰的，鄰近的”；C選項“不一致，不協(xié)調(diào)”；D選項“類推為，類同為”，根據(jù)句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整體意思‘盡管原創(chuàng)一首詩歌或一部戲劇的心理過程很可能與產(chǎn)生并詳細闡述科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的心理過程類似，但是在創(chuàng)造者之間顯然存在區(qū)別’可以推斷出答案選項應該為D。

2.翻譯題

寫給未來的自己一封信當你10年、20年或更多年后回顧過去時，你會吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時光的流逝，你也發(fā)生了很大的變化。你的經(jīng)歷、朋友、家庭和工作造就了現(xiàn)在的你。但是再過幾年你會在哪里呢？你會如何變化呢？這樣反思性的寫作，會是思考未來你想要什么的一種好的方式。

你也許以前試過給過去的自己寫信，向年輕時的自己傳授一些人生的智慧和觀點，你希望那時候的自己就能知道這些。現(xiàn)在我們換個角度看問題，如果讓你給未來的自己寫封信，你會寫點什么？

想象一下，給5年后的自己寫一封信，當5年后你打開那封信時，你會產(chǎn)生多少共鳴。這是實現(xiàn)目標的一種有用的輔助工具，因為當你給未來的自己寫信時，你會慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那個特定時刻變成什么樣子。

當你在未來讀這封信時，你可以看看有多少事情是像你過去期望的那樣，你也會思考為什么會這樣。很多時候，我們設定目標在實現(xiàn)的過程中會受到沿途中各種因素的影響，因為會遇到各種各樣的困難、各種意外情況并需要不斷調(diào)整優(yōu)先級。

這封信能讓你從宏觀的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，讓你意識到自己現(xiàn)在的想法和過去相比有多么不同。

當你以后看信時，你會把過去的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己進行比較。這會讓你看清從寫信時起你發(fā)生了哪些變化，這種體驗是非常有趣的。光看看從你寫信開始發(fā)生了哪些變化就很有趣了。

現(xiàn)在就拿出筆和紙，開始給未來的自己寫封信吧。找個合適的時間，想象你在那段時間內(nèi)會是什么樣子，然后開始寫信。想一想你想成為哪種人，你在生活中的位置、那時你的成就、你會有什么樣的想法和感覺，諸如此類的內(nèi)容。

寫完信，把它裝到信封里，在信封的封面上寫上日期，把它妥善保管起來。在自己的日歷中標記一下打開這封信的日期。當你以后打開信時，你可能會更好地洞察自己以及自己過去的生命歷程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast---10,20,30ormoreyearsago---it’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

3.單選題

Almostsinceitsinception,Israelhasbeeninconflict.WhatroledoeswarplayinshapingtheJewishstates’identity?

I'monthiswhirlwindtouroftheHolyLandcourtesyofBirthright,afoundationthatofferseveryAmericanwithJewishheritageafreetriptoIsrael.Theonlyrequirementsarethatyou’rebetweentheagesof18and26andyouhaveatleastoneJewishparent.That'sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.

IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate,ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconvictions.Anagnosticinfaithandinlife.AtthispointinmylifeIdon'tfollowJudaismoranyreligionforthatmatter.Culturally,I’mkindofwhatever,celebratingChristmasandGroundhogDayandanyotherholidaythatseemslikefun.Ididn’tknowmuchaboutIsraelisasapeople,andknewhardlyanythingaboutthepoliticsoftheregion.

PmonabusinIsraelleavingtheairport.It'sveryearlyinthemorning.Thedayisalreadysohotyoucanseewavesofheatshimmeringoffthehighway.IfeellikeIalwaysdoatthestartofagreatadventure:jetlagged,thirsty,excited.ThebuildingsofTelAvivaregettingsmallerthefurtherwedrive.

Ourtourguide,hisnameisEitan,istalkingintoamicrophone.“Asweheadoutofthecityyou’llseealotofcountryside,”hesays,hisblueeyesgazingfondlyoutthewindowathisadoptedhomeland(EitanisAmerican,yousee,andhehas“madealiyah，’’ortakenIsraelashishomelandandchosenaHebrewname).

“Israelisnotalldesertlikeyoumighthavethought.”Ipayattentionnow,becausethisiswhatIdidinfactthink.“Lookatthatfieldofsunflowers,forexample."

Ilookoutthewindowtomyleftandseethetallyellowflowers.I’mthinkingtheyare

prettyandpicturesque,thenEitansays,“Don’ttheylooklikeproudsoldierslinedupreadyforbattle?"

Itwon'toccurtomeuntilmuchlater,whenmyten-daytouraroundIsraelisfinishedandI’mbackinthesafetyofmypredictable,air-conditionedAmericanlife,thatthiscommentrepresentstwothingsI’vecometounderstandaboutIsraelanditspeople.One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.

Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful“ownership”oftheland.

1.AfreetriptoIsraelisofferedtoeveryyoungAmericanwithJewishheritageinorderforthem（

）.

2.By“IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritableslate”,theauthorimpliesthatshewentintoIsrael

（

）.

3.Thesentence,“WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers”,suggeststhatsubconsciously

（

）.

4.Ascanbeinferredfromthepassage,theauthorfindsherten-daytouraroundIsrael（

）.

問題1選項

A.tofindoutwhatroleswarplaysinshapingtheJewishstates’identity

B.toseealotofprettyandpicturesquecountrysidesceneryoutofthecity

C.tolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture

D.tosavethemtheexpensesoneverythingincludingairfare,food,accommodation

問題2選項

A.open-minded,withoutanyrestrictionsofconventionalideas

B.simple-minded,withoutanythoughtofthepurposeofthetrip

C.empty-minded,withoutmuchknowledgeaboutIsraelisasapeople

D.pure-minded,withoutanypolitical,religiousandculturalinclination

問題3選項

A.IsraelishaveanunrealisticcastofmindasapeoplewithJewishheritage

B.Israelisareverypatrioticandalwaysreadytodefendtheirrighttobelong

C.IsraelisaremuchmoreimaginativethanAmericansaboutthingsinnature

D.Israelisaresopanic-strickenbywarthattheymistakesunflowersforsoldiers

問題4選項

A.meaninglessandboring

B.adventurousandthrilling

C.incredibleandbewildering

D.impressiveandrewarding

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問給每一個至少父母中的一方是猶太人的年輕的美國人一次免費去以色列的旅行的目的是什么。根據(jù)原文“That’sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.就是這樣?！芭c生俱來的權利”讓你可以免費游覽以色列(我指的是機票、食物、住宿等等)，了解這個國家及其復雜的過去和不穩(wěn)定的未來。”可知C選項‘旅行的目的就是讓更多人了解以色列復雜的歷史和未知的將來’正確。

2.句義推測題。本題詢問通過這句話作者想表達的意思。IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate句意為“我走進了以色列，一個名副其實的干凈的國家”。這句話應放到文中更好理解，通過后面的“ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconviction.她來自內(nèi)華達州的一個小鎮(zhèn)，沒有強烈的政治信念?！泵鞔_指出不含任何政治傾向，所以D選項“天真的思想，不含任何政治、宗教和文化信仰”正確。

3.句義推測題。根據(jù)原文“One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.一、以色列想向這個世界展示它是美麗的，而不只是炸彈和困難；二、他們對他們屬于這個國家和有權捍衛(wèi)國家的權利有著堅定不移的信念?！本C合分析可知，這句話“美國人明明看到的是向日葵，以色列人卻看到的是士兵”是突出以色列人的愛國之心，他們時刻保衛(wèi)著自己的領土和權利，所以B選項‘以色列人非常愛國，隨時準備捍衛(wèi)他們的歸屬權利’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題詢問作者認為自己的以色列十天游的感受如何。A選項意為“無意義和無聊的”；B選項意為“冒險的和刺激的”；C選項意為“令人難以置信和撲朔迷離的”；D選項意為“影響深刻且受益匪淺的”。根據(jù)原文最后一段內(nèi)容"Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful'ownership,oftheland.旅行結(jié)束后，我腦子里滿是日期、歷史和激動人心的演講，比以往任何時候都不確定誰應該擁有這片土地的合法所有權?！贝_定D選項正確。

4.單選題

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

問題1選項

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。A選項的inflexibility“不屈性，頑固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B選項的impropriety“不合適，不恰當”；oscillatory“振動的，動搖的，變動的"；C選項的intransigence“不妥協(xié)，強硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，寬容的”；D選項的success“成功，勝利”；authoritative“命令式的，專斷的，權威式的”。根據(jù)句意‘與他先前亳不讓步的談判者的聲譽相反，摩根近來采取了一種更為緩和的立場，所以許多他先前的批判者轉(zhuǎn)而稱贊他’確定C選項正確。

5.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問題2選項

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問題3選項

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問題4選項

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問題5選項

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個獨特的觀測站，用來探測世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學測量結(jié)果?！彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c是D選項“南極洲是進行某些科學研究的更好之地”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上。”確定C選項“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會變成一個稀疏的島嶼群?！贝_定D選項“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘關于干河谷，下列哪個是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學家認為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來了希望?！贝_定B選項“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章最適合的標題是？’文章談論南極洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關的環(huán)境特色和問題，所以B選項“南極洲和環(huán)境問題”是最適合的標題。

6.單選題

Onewayofgettingaclearperspectiveonthosecrimesandcriminalscausinginjury,anddeprivationisto（

）unreported,unrecorded,andnon-prosecutedcrimes.

問題1選項

A.excavate

B.shatter

C.stipulate

D.relegate

【答案】A

【解析】A選項“挖掘，開鑿”；B選項“粉碎，毀壞”；C選項“規(guī)定，約定”；D選項“把……降級，交付”；根據(jù)句意‘對于造成人身傷害和剝奪的犯罪行為和犯罪分子獲得清晰認識的一個方法是挖掘未經(jīng)報道的、未記錄下來的以及未被起訴的犯罪行為’確定A選項正確。

7.單選題

Allthepublicfacilitiesrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan,（

）throughtaxesalone.

問題1選項

A.raised

B.israised

C.toraise

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】從句中的省略。分析句子意思‘如果我們想要所有的公共設施更好地我們服務，就需要不斷投入新的設備和進行改善，所以單獨由稅收所籌集的錢是遠遠不夠的’和結(jié)構可知，如果將此處還原成完整的句子應為requiringmoremoneythanitisraisedthroughtaxedalone,從句中省略了主語it，B選項正確。

8.單選題

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

問題1選項

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】連詞詞義辨析。分析四個選項可知，所提供的四個選項均為從句的連接詞，因此要先分析兩句之間的關系。根據(jù)句意‘在科學上專業(yè)人員與業(yè)余科研人員之間并沒有明確的分界線。然而，“業(yè)余”這個詞的確有這樣一個含義，即相關人員無法完全融入這一科學領域?！芍昂髢删渲g是轉(zhuǎn)折的關系，B選項then表示承接關系；D選項asaresult表示因果關系，與此不符，排除；C選項besides表示“除此之外還有”，是意思上的一種遞進，不符，排除，A選項nevertheless“然而，不過，雖然如此”正確。

9.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項

A.perfected;hinder

B.exhausted;interest

C.prolonged;require

D.prevented;challenge

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。先看第一空，perfect“使…完美（完善）”；exhaust“耗盡，排出”；prolong“延長，拖延”；prevent“阻止，妨礙”依據(jù)關鍵詞study和表示程度的totheextent以及整個句子的意思‘迄今為止，還沒有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對它們的研宄能達到如此詳盡無遺的地步，以至于它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學家的興趣’可以推斷出此處應該填“exhausted”；再看第二次，hinder“阻礙，妨礙”；interest“使感興趣，使關心”；require“要求，命令”；challenge“向…挑戰(zhàn)”；依據(jù)句意可以推斷出此處應該填interest,所以B選項正確。

10.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認為是一種美德。”以及根據(jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標志?！笨芍?，作者認為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項“苗條被認為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團體中，財富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風險息息相關。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習慣有很大關系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關風險可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實際上會很危險。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式與疾病的關系，確定D選項“他們應該更加關注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認為他們天生就健康，因此不關注他們的整體生活方式，這實際上是危險的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評了女性對瘦身的癡迷，B選項正確。

11.單選題

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

問題1選項

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引導賓語從句的用法。句意：因為這場叛亂，這位上將在那段時間的所作所為被認定為是獨裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語，后面的部分作賓語從句，而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分，這是what的特殊用法，有雙重作用，故選C選項正確。

12.單選題

Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.

問題1選項

A.beset...disillusioned

B.postpone...pessimistic

C.prevent...enthusiastic

D.allow...unconvinced

【答案】C

【解析】動詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項beset“困擾，鑲嵌，圍繞”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破滅的”；B選項postpone“推遲，延遲，延緩”；pessimistic“悲觀主義的”;C選項prevent“預防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“熱心的，熱情的”;D選項allow“考慮”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句意‘盡管反對者認為在月球上建立一個基地會受到經(jīng)濟問題的阻撓，然而這個項目的支持者仍然保持熱情，認為人類的好奇心應該克服這種務實的約束?！疌選項正確

13.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項的inthat“因為，由于，既然”；B選項的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項的since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項的while“當……時候，然而……”。根據(jù)句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領導人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚他’確定B選項正確。

14.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

問題1選項

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。exhaust“排出，耗盡，使精疲力盡，詳盡論述”；interest“使感興趣，使關心，使注意，使參與，使有利害關系”；B選項的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻礙，妨礙，成為阻礙”；C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、態(tài)度），喚醒某人，激發(fā)，行動起來“；D選項的veto“否決，禁止，反對”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”。根據(jù)句意‘迄今為止，還沒有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對它們的研宄能達到如此詳盡無遺的地步，以致它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學家的興趣’確定A選項正確。

15.單選題

Intheirlettertothestudents’representativeassembly,thefreshmeninsistedon（

）intheStudentUnion.

問題1選項

A.representing

B.beingrepresented

C.havingrepresented

D.havingbeenrepresented

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句意‘在給學生代表大會的信中，新生堅持在學生會中設置學生代表’thefreshmen應該是被動，用berepresented而insiston后必須用動名詞，所以用beingrepresented，B選項正確。

16.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignorance....isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問題2選項

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問題3選項

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.