2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號9

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被證明是…’。在第一段中，最開始講到Schon的成績好得令人難以置信，而后其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)他是抄襲的，然后貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)了他偽造和捏造了數(shù)據(jù)，所以他結(jié)束了其科學(xué)生涯。所以D選項(xiàng)“騙人的”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘為了找出像肖恩這樣的科學(xué)丑聞發(fā)生的原因，人們開始懷疑兩個頂級期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他質(zhì)疑的問題是，自然和科學(xué)是否已經(jīng)變得過于強(qiáng)大，成為科學(xué)走向公眾的仲裁者，以及這些期刊是否能夠勝任它們作為看門人的任務(wù)?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“它們的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，記者們每周都要從這些新發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文中尋找精華?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“所有中最好的”正確。

2.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點(diǎn)？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個獨(dú)特的觀測站，用來探測世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果?！彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c(diǎn)是D選項(xiàng)“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上。”確定C選項(xiàng)“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會變成一個稀疏的島嶼群?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘關(guān)于干河谷，下列哪個是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來了希望?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是？’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問題，所以B選項(xiàng)“南極洲和環(huán)境問題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一個空是考查名稱的辨析，outcome“結(jié)果，效果”；logic“原理,邏輯性”；rigidity“嚴(yán)格，刻板”；uncertainty“不確定性”；根據(jù)句子后半部分的意思可以推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填rigidity,表示立場的固執(zhí)僵化；第二個空是考查動詞的辨析，foreshadow“成為前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（價值，品質(zhì)，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出賣，背叛（原則或信仰）”，根據(jù)句意‘由于威爾遜在最初同意談判以達(dá)成協(xié)議之后又拒絕讓步妥協(xié)，因此，其立場實(shí)際的固執(zhí)僵化總是得以暴露無遺’可知第二個空應(yīng)該填betrayed，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因組測試)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”---peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘a(chǎn)ssortativemating’---thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自閉癥)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越來越多使用全基因組測序和其他現(xiàn)代技術(shù)來關(guān)注人類變化的科學(xué)家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上對艾滋病毒有更強(qiáng)的抵抗力，這種特性在未來應(yīng)該會變得更加普遍，因?yàn)檫@些人更有可能存活下來，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已經(jīng)開始使用DNA測試來選擇他們孩子的基因組成，拒絕那些有遺傳缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎---例如恰當(dāng)?shù)男詣e的胚胎。

其祖先生活在歐洲城市的人更有可能對天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的人更有可能生來就有抗瘧疾能力。

自閉癥譜系障礙患者往往注重細(xì)節(jié)，善于分析。如今，他們可能比過去的時代更容易找到具有類似能力的配偶。

5.單選題

（

）inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Judgedthebest

B.Judgingthebest

C.Tobejudgedthebest

D.Havingjudgedthebest

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。動詞judge和句子主語thethreestudents是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，后面有完整的主謂賓，所以使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。排除B，D選項(xiàng)。由于judge表示的動作在主句動詞award之前，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)C，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的render“給予某物作為報償或用以交換，回報，歸還”；B選項(xiàng)的secure“將某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)的seek“尋找，探索”；D選項(xiàng)的furnish“提供，陳設(shè)，布置”。根據(jù)句意‘在采訪中，市長通過報道對其他城市的人在該市遭受了幾次地震襲擊后給予市民的及時的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感謝’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

BroadlytheEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfolly（1）onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,

（2）

embarrassed.Youhaveonlyto

（3）

acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;noonespeaksInfact,todosowouldseemunusual

（4）

.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,

（5）

broken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof

（6）

.

Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavea

（7）

forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatgivenhalfachance,theywilltalkaboutit

（8）

.SomepeoplearguethatitisBecauseEnglishweather

（9）

forecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand

（10）

toeveryone.Thismaybeso

（11）

Englishmancannothavemuch

（12）

intheweathermen,who,afterpromisingfine,sunnyweatherfortheFollowingday;areoftenprovedwrong

（13）

acouldovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoaildistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate-orasinaccurate---astheweathermeninhis

（14）

.

Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberofreferences

（15）

weatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare

（16）

bycommentsontheweather.”Niceday,isn’tit?""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorning,howareyou?"

（17）

theforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomic,itisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.

（18）

hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanbutis

（19）

toknowwheretobegin,hecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill

（20）

ananswerfromeventhemostreservedofEnglishmen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.entertained

B.relaxed

C.amused

D.enlightened'

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.yet

B.otherwise

C.even

D.though

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.experience

B.undergo

C.travel

D.witness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obviously

B.Contrarily

C.Frequently

D.Practically

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.if

C.while

D.asif

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.suspicion

B.opposition

C.attack

D.study

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.passion

B.fancy

C.Necessity

D.topic

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.toagreat

C.fromtheir

D.byallmeans

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.follows

B.predicts

C.defies

D.violates

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.deduction

B.contemplation

C.speculation

D.contribution

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Still

B.Also

C.Certainly

D.Fundamentally

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.faith

B.reliance

C.honor

D.credit

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.if

B.once

C.when

D.whereas

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.propositions

B.predictions

C.approval

D.defiance

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.on

C.asfor

D.to

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.replaced

B.conducted

C.executed

D.proposed

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.Although

C.however

D.Before

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Evenif

B.Because

C.If

D.For

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.ataloss

B.atlast

C.infact

D.ontheoccasion

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.constitute

C.furnish

D.provoke

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】（1）動詞辨析題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘大體上來說，英國人比較安靜、羞澀、保守，他們只在非常熟悉的人而前才能完全放松’，B選項(xiàng)relaxed正確。

（2）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)有陌生人或外國人在場的時候，他們通常會顯得拘謹(jǐn)，甚至局促不安。由inhibited到embarrassed是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)的even正確。

（3）名詞辨析題。句意：你只需留意一下早晚通勤車的狀況便可證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)的experience“經(jīng)歷”；B選項(xiàng)的undergo“經(jīng)歷，遭受，承受”；C選項(xiàng)的travel“旅行，前進(jìn)”；D選項(xiàng)的witness“目擊，證明”,D選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）副詞辨析題。句意：實(shí)際上，有條沒有明文規(guī)定但都心知肚明的行為準(zhǔn)則。A選項(xiàng)的obviously“明顯地”；B選項(xiàng)的contrarily“相反地，反之，反對地”；C選項(xiàng)的frequently“頻繁地，經(jīng)常地”，不合題意,D選項(xiàng)的Practically“實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上”正確。

（5）連詞辨析題。句意：如果打破這條行為準(zhǔn)則，這人便立刻成為眾人懷疑的對象。B選項(xiàng)if表示“如果”，符合句意。

（6）名詞辨析題。句意：行為表現(xiàn)不符合常規(guī)，應(yīng)該是引起人們的懷疑。A選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑”;B選項(xiàng)opposition“反對”；C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊，抨擊”；D選項(xiàng)study“研宄”,A選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）名詞辨析題。句意：眾所周知，英國人對談?wù)撎鞖馇橛歇?dú)鐘”A選項(xiàng)haveapassionfor‘‘對…有強(qiáng)烈的愛好”；B選項(xiàng)haveafancyfor“喜歡，想要”；C選項(xiàng)haveanecessityfor“必要性，需要”；D選項(xiàng)haveatopicfor“有一個話題”，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（8）介詞短語辨析題。句意：只要有機(jī)會，他們就能對此做出長篇大論?！盇選項(xiàng)atlength“最后，終于，詳細(xì)地”；B選項(xiàng)toagreatextent“在很大程度上”；C選項(xiàng)fromtheirheart“從心底”；D選項(xiàng)byallmeans“一定，務(wù)必，盡一切辦法”,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（9）動詞辨析題。句意：有人認(rèn)為這是由于英國的天氣變幻莫測，因此勾起了大家的興趣和思索”。A選項(xiàng)follow“跟隨，遵循”;B選項(xiàng)predict“預(yù)報，預(yù)言”;C選項(xiàng)defy“藐視，公然反抗，挑釁，使落空”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反，侵犯”,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（10）名詞辨析題。句意：因此成了每個人趣味和猜測的來源。”A選項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿”;B選項(xiàng)deduction“扣除，推論”；C選項(xiàng)contemplation“沉思，注視，意圖”；D選項(xiàng)speculation“投機(jī)，推測，思索”,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（11）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”。A選項(xiàng)still“仍然，更”；B選項(xiàng)also“同樣，也，而且”；C選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然，必定”；D選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地，從根本上，基礎(chǔ)地”。C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（12）名詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”A選項(xiàng)havefaithin“相信，對…信任”;B選項(xiàng)havereliancein“信賴”；C選項(xiàng)honor“榮譽(yù)，信用”；D選項(xiàng)credit“信用，信譽(yù)”。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（13）連詞辨析題。句意：天氣預(yù)報員承諾第二天會是晴朗好天氣的時候，伴隨著大西洋上反氣旋所帶來的降雨就會證明他們的失測”，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

（14）名詞辨析題。句意：如果按照天氣預(yù)報員的預(yù)測，行走在大街上的人們可以說是愚蠢的，也可以說是明智的”。A選項(xiàng)proposition“命題，提議”；B選項(xiàng)prediction“預(yù)報，預(yù)言”；C選項(xiàng)approval“批準(zhǔn)認(rèn)可，贊成”;D選項(xiàng)defiance“蔑視挑戰(zhàn)，反抗”B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（15）介詞辨析題。句意：對于英國人一天之內(nèi)與彼此交談中不斷提及天氣狀況，海外游客所表示出的驚訝是可以體諒的”。thattheEnglishmake是定語從句，先行詞是references，referencestoweather“提及天氣”。所以D選項(xiàng)介詞to正確。

（16）動詞辨析題。句意：通常，人們見面就談?wù)撎鞖馇闆r而不是傳統(tǒng)的問候。A選項(xiàng)replace“取代，代替”；B選項(xiàng)conduct“管理，引導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)execute“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，處死”；D選項(xiàng)propose“建議，打算”。由下文的insteadof確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）連詞詞義辨析題。句意：盡管外國人認(rèn)為這樣或許有些夸張滑稽，但值得一提的是了解這個對他是有好處的”，前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)although正確。

（18）連詞詞義辨析題。句意：如果他想和一個英國人聊幾句但又不知道從何說起，他可以提提天氣情況”。C選項(xiàng)中if表示“如果"符合句意。

（19）固定短語辨析題。A選項(xiàng)ataloss“困惑，茫然，不知所措”；B選項(xiàng)atlast“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)infact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”；D選項(xiàng)ontheoccasion“在那時，值此之際”。句意:如果他想和一個英國人聊幾句但又不知道從何說起”。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（20）動詞辨析題。句意：這是一個穩(wěn)妥的話題，將會鼓勵一位最緘默的英國人作出回答”。A選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”;B選項(xiàng)constitute“組成，構(gòu)成”；C選項(xiàng)furnish“提供，供應(yīng)”;D選項(xiàng)provoke“驅(qū)使，激怒，煽動，惹起”。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.（1）,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen（2）fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery（3）ofmoneyitself,”onlyto（4）itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso

（5）

incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentsystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork

（6）thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery（7）tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe

（8）formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey

（9）

receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto（10）.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”--ittakesseveraldays（11）acheckiscashedandfundsare

（12）fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.

（13）electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay（14）securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation（15）there.Becausethisisnotan（16）

occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand

（17）fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The（18）ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto

（19）securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic（20）

thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.back

C.over

D.around

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.concept

C.history

D.role

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reward

B.resist

C.resume

D.reverse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.silent

B.sudden

C.slow

D.steady

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.against

C.with

D.on

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.expensive

C.sensitive

D.productive

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.original

C.temporary

D.dominant

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.collect

B.provide

C.copy

D.print

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.takeover

C.bringback

D.passdown

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.after

C.since

D.when

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.kept

B.borrowed

C.released

D.withdrawn

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Unless

B.Until

C.Because

D.Though

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.hide

B.express

C.raise

D.ease

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.shared

C.stored

D.displayed

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.unsafe

B.unnatural

C.uncommon

D.unclear

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.steal

B.choose

C.benefit

D.return

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.consideration

B.prevention

C.manipulation

D.justification

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.fightagainst

C.adaptto

D.callfor

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.chunk

B.chip

C.path

D.trail

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。空格前“youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssociety你可能認(rèn)為我們會快速進(jìn)入一個無現(xiàn)金的社會”，而空格后“atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一個真正的無現(xiàn)金社會可能不會即將來臨”，所以空格前后兩句句意發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，需要填寫一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，A選項(xiàng)“然而；但是”正確。B選項(xiàng)moreover“而且；此外”，表遞進(jìn)；C選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”，表結(jié)果;D選項(xiàng)otherwise“否則；除此之外；在自他方面”，表對比，均不合邏輯，排除。

（2）固定搭配。空格后“Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment例如，商業(yè)周刊在1975年預(yù)測電子支付方式”可知空格前這里指代的是“對無現(xiàn)金社會的預(yù)測早己存在”，D選項(xiàng)的around構(gòu)成固定搭配bearound表示“存在，出現(xiàn)”，正確。

（3）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)power“力量;政權(quán)；勢力”；B選項(xiàng)concept“觀念，概念”；C選項(xiàng)history“歷史，歷史學(xué)，來歷”；D選項(xiàng)role“角色，作用”。空格所在句子意思為‘例如，1975年《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測電子支付手段很快將“徹底改變貨幣本身的?！庇晌恼略谥v述“電子貨幣取代紙幣”與空格前“revolutionize改革”的對應(yīng)可知這里指代的是“改革貨幣本身的概念”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)reward“獎勵；獎賞”；B選項(xiàng)resist“抵抗；忍耐”；C選項(xiàng)resume“重新開始，繼續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)reverse“使倒退；調(diào)換”?？崭袂啊癮truecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer—個真正的無現(xiàn)金社會可能不會即將來臨”與“onlyto不料竟會"表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以D選項(xiàng)“使倒退”符合語境，正確。句意是‘例如，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》曾預(yù)測，電子支付方式“很快就會徹底改變貨幣本身的概念”，但幾年之后又發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)’。

（5）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)silent“沉默的;寂靜的”；B選項(xiàng)sudden“突然的，意外的”；C選項(xiàng)slow“緩慢的；減速的;遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)steady“穩(wěn)定的;沉著的”?？崭袂啊癮truecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一個真正的無現(xiàn)金社會可能不會即將來臨”，而空格后關(guān)鍵詞“coming來到”，所以的C選項(xiàng)“緩慢的”才符合語境，正確。

（6）邏輯關(guān)系。由空格前‘雖然電子支付方式可能比基于紙張的支付系統(tǒng)更有效率，’其中“Although盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明句意發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，所以空格句應(yīng)該是“幾個因素妨礙紙幣系統(tǒng)的消失”，所以B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的搭配workagainst“妨礙”符合語境，正確。A選項(xiàng)workfor“為……工作；受雇于”；C選項(xiàng)workwith“與共事；對…有效”；D選項(xiàng)workon“影響，對…起作用；繼續(xù)工作；從事于……”均不符合語境，排除。

（7）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“虛構(gòu)的；富于想象的；有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的;花錢的”；C選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的；靈敏的;易受傷害的”;D選項(xiàng)productive“生產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的”。由第六題的分析知這里在介紹妨礙紙幣系統(tǒng)消失的因素；所以“安裝電腦等應(yīng)該是昂貴的”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；B選項(xiàng)original“最初的;獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”；