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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.

Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.

Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.

Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.

【答案】許多日常使用中的物品顯然受到了科學家的影響,但它們的形狀、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工藝人員、設(shè)計師、發(fā)明者和工程師根據(jù)非科學的思維方式?jīng)Q定的。

TillieOlsen的小說和散文被公認為對美國文學做出了重要貢獻,她的作品尤其受到當代女性主義者的重視。

該性別比例將有利于使個體后代的數(shù)量最大化,并因此使所傳遞的基因復數(shù)數(shù)量最大化。

醫(yī)生是指這樣的一種人,他們給完全不了解的病人開自己一無所知的藥物,治療自己一竅不通的疾病。

這就是腐朽的統(tǒng)治階級的進退兩難的處境,他們的意識形態(tài)被抹黑了,他們的權(quán)力依賴于謊言和野蠻的力量。

1917年,GwendolynBrooks出生于堪薩斯州,她認為自出生起就面臨著兩大困難——既是女性,又是黑人。

當他瞥見一個潛在的對手時,他的本能就是用魅力和幽默來說服他。

我們必須在實踐中認真對待這個結(jié)論,而不應(yīng)盲目地依賴那些僅僅是通過算計而達到的結(jié)果。

她正在等我們,半開的門里透出光亮,顯出她的身形。

想要成為愛國者的美國人必須努力了解他們有什么共同之處,公眾中有什么是值得珍惜和保護的東西;在知道這些之前,他們的愛國情懷無非是一場自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

2.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis(

),hebeginshistermofoffice.

問題1選項

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”;commence意為“開始,著手”;inaugurate意為“為(某人)舉行就職典禮,啟動,開創(chuàng)”;initiate意為“開始,發(fā)起”。

句意:大學副校長就職典禮一旦舉行,他就開始了任期。

3.單選題

Shehasthe(

)ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

問題1選項

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果,最適宜條件”;option意為“選擇權(quán),選擇(的自由)”;orientation意為“方向,定位”;preference意為“偏愛,喜愛”。

句意:她可以選擇進入研究生院或開始她的職業(yè)生涯。

4.單選題

)forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

問題1選項

A.Haditnotbe

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnot

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在事實進行虛擬,從句:If+主語+動詞一般過去時(be動詞用were),主句:主語+should/would/might/could+do;當虛擬條件句的謂語部分含有were,should,had時,可將連詞if省略,把were,should,had置于句首。從句中的Ifitwerenotforthetimelyinvestment=Wereitnotforthetimelyinvestment,因此選B。

句意:要不是廣大公眾的及時投資,我們公司不會像現(xiàn)在這樣興旺發(fā)達。

5.單選題

Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimal_21_anarea.Thesizeoftheareais_22_toprovidefoodforhim,his_23_andtheiroffspring.Migratingbirds,forexample,divideupthebestterritoryintheorderof“firstcome,first_24_”.Thelatearrivalsmayacquire25_territories,butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretooclosetothe_26_oftheenemiesofthespecies.

Whenthereis_27_overterritory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce,ora_28_offorce,todecidewhichwillstayandwhichwillgo.Itisinterestingtonote,_29_,thatanimalsseemtouseonlythe30_amountofforcenecessarytodriveawaytheintruder.Thereisusuallynokilling.Inthe_31_ofthoseanimalswhicharecapableofdoingeachothergreatharm,thereisa_32_forthelosinganimaltoshowthewinninganimalsthathewishestosubmit.Whenheshowsthis,the_33_normallystopsfighting.Animals(especiallybirds),whichcan_34_escapefromconflictseemtohaveno_35_againstkilling,andequallynomechanismfor_36_.Thelosingbirdsimplyfliesaway.However,iftwodovesare_37inacage,andtheystartfighting,theywillcontinuetofightuntilonekillstheother.Weallthinkofthedoveasa_38_ofpeaceand,_39_itsnaturalhabitat,itispeaceful.Butthe“peace”mechanismdoesnot_40_inacage.

問題1選項

A.establishes

B.builds

C.founds

D.erects

問題2選項

A.large

B.wide

C.enough

D.sufficient

問題3選項

A.wife

B.mate

C.friend

D.neighbor

問題4選項

A.used

B.got

C.served

D.gained

問題5選項

A.larger

B.better

C.smaller

D.worse

問題6選項

A.places

B.nests

C.residences

D.habitats

問題7選項

A.conflict

B.fight

C.argument

D.war

問題8選項

A.practices

B.proof

C.show

D.comparison

問題9選項

A.then

B.therefore

C.inaddition

D.however

問題10選項

A.minimum

B.great

C.little

D.much

問題11選項

A.way

B.case

C.event

D.manner

問題12選項

A.system

B.device

C.method

D.solution

問題13選項

A.killer

B.loser

C.victor

D.successor

問題14選項

A.hardly

B.never

C.narrowly

D.easily

問題15選項

A.prevention

B.obstacle

C.stop

D.way

問題16選項

A.submission

B.fighting

C.stopping

D.winning

問題17選項

A.stationed

B.perched

C.placed

D.deposited

問題18選項

A.sign

B.signal

C.symbol

D.mark

問題19選項

A.in

B.by

C.at

D.on

問題20選項

A.appear

B.continue

C.apply

D.work

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】21.考查動詞辨析。establish側(cè)重穩(wěn)固地建成,可具體指國家、政府、學?;蛏痰甑鹊慕?,也可指信仰、信用、名譽、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立;build一般指建立,修建;found側(cè)重打下基礎(chǔ)或創(chuàng)辦;erect指對高而垂直物的建造。此處表示“雄性動物建立領(lǐng)地”,因此選A。

22.考查形容詞辨析。enough側(cè)重分量或數(shù)量的足夠,多指希望的滿足。sufficient側(cè)重數(shù)目或數(shù)量達到某一特定要求或需要。此處表示“這個領(lǐng)地的面積滿足需求”,因此選D。

23.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的themaleanimal(雄性動物)以及空格后的theiroffspring(他們的后代)可知此處指的是themaleanimal的配偶,因此選B。

24.考查固定搭配?!癴irstcome,firstserved”為固定搭配,意為“先到先得”。

25.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)“butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretoocloseto(但可供食用的食物較少,要么就太接近)”中的but可知less與空格處是對應(yīng)的,因此選A。

26.考查名詞辨析。place意為“地方”;nest意為“(鳥)窩”;residence意為“住處,住宅”;habitat意為“(動物的)棲息地,住處”。此處表示“離天敵的棲息地非常近”,因此選D。

27.考查名詞辨析。conflict意為“沖突,矛盾”;fight意為“打仗,戰(zhàn)斗”;argument意為“爭吵,爭論”;war意為“戰(zhàn)爭”。根據(jù)文章句中的Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworld可知選A,與前文相照應(yīng)。

28.考查名詞辨析。practice意為“實踐,練習”;proof意為“證明,證據(jù)”;show意為“表明,展示”;comparison意為“比較,對照”。此處表示“通過武力的比較,決定誰留下誰會去”,因此選C。

29.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭袂懊婢湟鉃椤昂苡腥さ刈⒁獾健?,空格后面句意為“動物似乎只使用……”,可知此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此填however(然而)。

30.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由后面的Thereisusuallynokilling.(通常不會有殺戮)可推測前面使用武力解決問題時,并不會想把對方置之死地,只要趕走對方即可,因此選A,表示用最少的武力驅(qū)趕入侵者。

31.考查固定搭配。inthecaseof為固定搭配,意為“至于……,就……來說”。

32.考查名詞辨析。system意為“體系,系統(tǒng)”;device意為“裝置,設(shè)備”;method意為“方法”;solution意為“解決,解答”。空格處與后面的mechanism(體系,機制)相對應(yīng),因此選A。

33.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“輸?shù)舻膭游锵颢@勝的動物展示他愿意屈服”可知當輸?shù)舻膭游镞@樣做時,獲勝的動物通常會停止戰(zhàn)斗,因此填victor(勝利者)。

34.考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處表示怎樣從沖突中逃跑,可從后面句中的Thelosingbirdsimplyfliesaway中的simply(簡單地)得到答案,應(yīng)填simply的近義詞,因此選D。

35.考查名詞辨析。prevention意為“預防,防止”;obstacle意為“障礙,阻礙”;stop意為“停止”;way意為“方法”。此處指能夠容易地從戰(zhàn)斗中逃跑,沒有任何障礙物,因此選B。

36.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面可知動物中有一套體系,輸了的動物向獲勝的動物表示屈服(hewishestosubmit.),通??梢酝V箲?zhàn)斗,可知此處填submit的名詞形式,因此選A。

37.考查動詞辨析。station意為“派駐,使駐扎”;perch意為“棲息,停留”;place意為“安置,放置”;deposit意為“放下,放置”,強調(diào)“存儲”。此處表示“如果把兩只鴿子放在一起”,因此選C。

38.考查名詞辨析。sign意為“跡象,征兆”;signal意為“暗號,信號”;symbol意為“象征,符號”;mark意為“標記”。此處表示“鴿子是和平的象征”,因此選C。

39.考查介詞辨析。in表示在某個范圍之內(nèi),后面接大地點;on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸;at表示在某個具體的場所或地點,后面接小地點。此處表示“在它的自然棲息地內(nèi)”,因此選A。

40.考查動詞辨析。appear意為“出現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)”;continue意為“持續(xù)”;apply意為“應(yīng)用,運用”;work意為“使工作,使運作”。此處表示“這個‘和平’體系不起作用”,因此選D。

6.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolphMensalfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient.“Atanyparticularstageinitslife,abeehasaspecificjobtodo.Iftheyare

unabletodothatjob,theyconservetheirenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.“Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.Theroux,whokeeps85hiveseachcontaining300,000beesinHawaii,addedthatProf.Mendel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.MensahItperformstoomanyusefulfunctionsinourculture.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolphMendel’slatestresearch(

).

2.AccordingtoProf.RandolphMensal,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto(

).

問題1選項

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthematureofbees

問題2選項

A.Beesarehardworking.

B.Beesarequicklearners.

C.Beeshaveintelligence.

D.Beeshavegoodmemory.

問題3選項

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate....thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception(人們普遍認為蜜蜂是終極的辛勤工作者,這種形象是不準確的……人們對蜜蜂勤勞的天性的普遍看法是基于一種誤解)可知Prof.RandolphMendel的最新研究挑戰(zhàn)了我們對蜜蜂本質(zhì)的認識,因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly(他補充說,蜜蜂用高智力來彌補他們明顯的懶惰:先進的記憶技能和快速學習的能力)可知Prof.RandolphMensal認為蜜蜂并不是勤勞的,因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的beeswerenotlazybutefficient...Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.(蜜蜂不是懶惰,而是有效率的……他們非常聰明,也許人類應(yīng)該效仿他們,而不是像無頭蒼蠅一樣到處亂跑)可知D選項“如何提高工作效率”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.(事實上,對蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在經(jīng)歷復興)以及此句話后便列舉了蜜蜂做廣告的例子,可推測勤勞的蜜蜂這種思想是受歡迎的,因此選A。

7.單選題

Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.Butwheretogetone?Buyingonewouldcost150Euros,ahugewasteconsideringtheyneededitforonlyhalfanhour.AndsinceitwasSunday,everyrentalshopwouldbeclosed.YetasCigerealized,theywerelikelysurroundedbydrills.Oddsare,atleastoneofhisfriend’sneighborshadadrillthatwassittingidle.Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?

Propelledbythatidea,CigecofoundedZilok,astartupthatofferspreciselythisservice:Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.Cige’sWebsiteprocessesthefee,tracksthereputationofyourrentingpartner,and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.Aftertwoyearsinbusiness,Zilokhas150,000itemslisted,with6,000transactionsamonth,andit’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance.

Peertopeerrenting—andsimilarservices—hasboomedinthepastfewyears.SomeworklikeZilok,whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown(suchasbookandCDsatSwaptree).Afewevenletyoutakeadvantageofspacethat’slyingfallow,likeSharedEarth,wherelandownershookupwithgardeners.

Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.We’reusingbitstohelpusshareatoms.Thegeniusofthesesitesisthattheymakeavirtueofmodernsociety’secologicalsin:oversupply.Indevelopedcountries,we’reprosperousbuthorriblywasteful.Webuytonsofthingsweuserarely—andwhichsitunusedinbasementsandstoragelockers.

Peerrentingandsharingis,ofcourse,anoldidea.Butitnevertookoffbefore,forlogisticalreasons;itwastoohardtoconnectmillionsofrenterstoowners.TheInternet’sBayesianabilitytomakemarketssolvedthatproblem.Thenetalsoprovidescrucialglue,asthenewstartupZimrideproves.Ride-sharingsystemshavehistoricallypeteredoutbecauseitcanbekindofcreepytopickupstrangers.Soinstead,ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebookthrougheitherFacebookConnectornetworksitsetsupforindividualorganizations.“Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust,”ZimridecofounderLoganGreensays,“andFacebooksolvedthat.”

Besidestheenvironmentalbenefits,thereareeconomicones.SomeusersofZilokmakemorethan$1,000amonthcirculatingtheirpossessions.Granted,it’snotenoughtoquityourdayjob,butalittleextradoughforalmostnoeffortneverhurts.

Aspeer-to-peerrentingandswappingevolves,toolslikegeolocationandmicropaymentscouldmakeitevensmootherandmoreubiquitous.RachelBotsman,coauthorofWhat’sMineIsYours—anewbookthatdocuments“collaborativeconsumption”—envisionsaworldinwhicheveryone’sstuffreportsitsstatusinrealtime:Whereistherightnow?Isitavailableforusebysomeoneelse?

Yourpropertycouldcirculatefordaysormonths,makingyourmoneyinsteadofmoldinginyourgarage“We’refacingarevolutioninthewaywethinkofownership,”Botsmansays.Or,toputitotherway,yourdrillmaybemydrill,too.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofZilok?

3.Peer-to-peerrentingessentiallyfeatures

).

4.ItcanbeconcludedthatthesuccessofZimridemainlyliesintheabilityof(

).

問題1選項

A.bringingupahypothesis

B.givinganexample

C.tracingbacktheorigin

D.makingacomparison

問題2選項

A.Itisresponsibleforpricingtheitemsforrent.

B.ItoffersthefastestcarrentalservicesinFrance.

C.Itprovidesinsuranceforvaluableitemsrented.

D.Itdevelopsvigorouslyinthepastfewyears.

問題3選項

A.flexibleownership

B.awiderangeofservices

C.high-techmarketing

D.ecologicalconservation

問題4選項

A.persuadingpeopletosharerides

B.establishingtrustamongstrangers

C.buildingavastinterpersonalnetwork

D.findingsufficientpotentialcustomers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的第一句Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.(三年前,法國企業(yè)家GaryCige幫助一位朋友在他的鄉(xiāng)村別墅掛一面鏡子,這時他們意識到自己需要一個鉆頭)和最后一句Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?(為什么找不到一個簡單的方法來租鉆頭——只要幾元錢呢?)可知作者通過講述GaryCige創(chuàng)立Zilok的起源來介紹他的主題,因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.(人們把他們愿意出租的財產(chǎn)連同價格一起貼出來)可知與A選項“它負責定價物品的租金”不符;由第二段中的it’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance(它擁有的汽車租賃用戶數(shù)量增加最快)可知與B選項“它提供法國最快的汽車租賃服務(wù)”不符;由第二段中的and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.(并且在法國甚至可以給你出租的物品上保險)可知與C選項“它為租用的貴重物品提供保險”不符;通過排除法,因此選D。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown.(而讓人們可以交換他們自己的東西)和第四段中的Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.(從本質(zhì)上講,我們看到的是一種新的財產(chǎn)關(guān)系——在這種關(guān)系中,使用權(quán)高于所有權(quán))可推測面對面租賃最本質(zhì)的特征是靈活的所有權(quán),因此選A。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebook...Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust.(Zimride讓人們和來自社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的朋友分享騎行……以前,限制因素是信任)可推測Zimride的成功主要在于它打破了之前陌生人之間的不信任,因此選B。

8.單選題

Themanager,(

)alettertohissecretary.

問題1選項

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pledge意為“保證,誓言”;convey意為“傳達,傳遞”;survey意為“調(diào)查”;dictate意為“口述”。

句意:經(jīng)理向秘書口授一封信。

9.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore(

)tolightthanhumaneyes

問題1選項

A.glowing

B.brilliant

C.sensitive

D.gloomy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。glowing意為“灼熱的,灼熾的”;brilliant意為“明亮的”;sensitive意為“敏感的”;gloomy意為“黑暗的,陰暗的”。

句意:盡管貓在完全黑暗中看不見,但它們的眼睛比人類的眼睛對光要敏感得多。

10.單選題

Ihavegivenyoumyadvice.Whetheryouwillactonitis(

)you.

問題1選項

A.upto

B.upfor

C.onto

D.forto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beuptosb.意為“取決于某人”。

句意:我已經(jīng)給了你我的建議。是否采納就看你了。

11.單選題

Whenyoupackthepears,pleasebecarefulsothattheywon’tget(

).

問題1選項

A.bruised

B.blushed

C.injured

D.mature

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。bruise意為“撞傷,擦傷”;blush意為“臉紅,羞愧”;injure意為“(尤指在事故中)傷害,損害”;mature意為“成熟”。

句意:當你打包梨子時,請小心點,不要把梨子摩擦壞了。

12.問答題

Despite(A)hislowopinionof(B)professors—orperhapsin(C)anefforttoimprovethebreed—Smithhimselfeventuallybecameit(D).

【答案】試題答案:D;one

【解析】考查代詞用法。it用以指特定的物,即上下文提到的、同名稱的、同樣事物的那個名詞,而不是同類事物的其他東西。one表示泛指,指同名稱中的另一事物。此處表示Smith自己最后也成為了一名教授,不是指代前文的professors,因此用one。

13.單選題

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindow....Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.Itisabribewewanttopocket....Flatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT(

).

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

).

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

).

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas(

).

問題1選項

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

問題2選項

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

問題3選項

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

問題4選項

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

問題5選項

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.(阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂,一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈,常常會用回報給贈予者他想要的東西)可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂,因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.(阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認出它是什么……同樣的事實是,奉承不那么微妙,常常是明目張膽的)可知選B。A選項為第一段的內(nèi)容;C選項只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明,阿諛奉承很顯而易見;D選項在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn),因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.(阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實上,即使我們假裝嘲笑它,我們也可以盡情享受它)可知C選項“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”(阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有,正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復興時期的歐洲,而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時代”)可推測阿諛奉承在文藝復興時期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行,因此選C。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue(所有這些都是完全正確的)和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays(阿諛奉承,他說得很對)與whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout(正如Stengel正確的指出)可知作者對RichardStengel的觀點都是用的正面肯定的詞,故可知作者是贊成RichardStengel的觀點的,因此選B。

14.問答題

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】試題答案:C;that

【解析】考查名詞性從句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表語從句(……的原因是……)是固定句型,is后面用that,不能用because。

15.單選題

Herhonestyis(

),nobodycandoubtit.

問題1選項

A.outofthequestion

B.withoutquestion

C.inquestion

D.besidethequestion

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。outofthequestion意為“不可能的,不必談的”;withoutquestion意為“毫無疑問”;inquestion意為“考慮之中的,被談?wù)撝摹?;besidethequestion意為“不相關(guān),不切題”。

句意:她的誠實是毫無疑問的,沒有人能懷疑它。

16.單選題

The(

)ofourtriptoWashingtonwasthevisittotheWhiteHouse.

問題1選項

A.climate

B.extremity

C.maximun

D.novel

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。climate意為“氣候”;extremity意為“末端,端點,盡頭”;maximun意為“最大值,最大”;novel意為“小說”。

句意:我們?nèi)A盛頓之行的最后一站是參觀白宮。

17.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to

(2)

greatextent,

(3)

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

(5)

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

(6)

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

(7)

thatheisprobablyascapable

(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

(9)

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

(10)

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

(11)

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

(12)

racarpenter

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