2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號22

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

人們都有追求幸福的權(quán)利，但對幸福的理解卻因人而異。絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為幸福來自于健康的身體、愿望的實現(xiàn)和事業(yè)有成。正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，許多人在遇到痛苦時才意識到幸福的真正含義。

【答案】Peoplehavetherighttopursuehappiness,butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingofhappiness.Mostpeoplebelievethathappinesscomesfromgoodhealth,wishfulfilmentandsuccessfulcareer.Asitoftenhappens,itisnotuntiltheysufferthatmanypeoplerealizethetruemeaningofhappiness.

2.單選題

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Inaddition,thereisthedilemmaassociatedwithconvertingat0.72.Somefinancialinstitutionsmaybeunwillingtopaythisprice,feelingthattherublewillsinkmuchloweroverthenextweek.Asaresult,conversionmayfinallycomeat0.69.These“l(fā)osses”mustbeacceptedbythecompanyasoneofthecostsofdoingbusinessoverseas.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.InFrance,tardybusinesspeople

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,conversionrates

（

）.

4.Theintendedaudienceofthispassageare

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobediscussedinthenextparagraph?

問題1選項

A.HowtoSucceedinInternationalTrade

B.MonetaiyConversion

C.TradeBarriers

D.UniqueProblemsinInternationalTrade

問題2選項

A.areofteninsulted

B.oftensufferfromcoldness

C.areoftenleftoutdoorswaiting

D.areoftenaskedtopolishtheirshoes

問題3選項

A.arealwaysnotchanging

B.aredeterminedbyfinancialinstitutions

C.areagreeduponbytwotradingcountries

D.varyfromdaytoday

問題4選項

A.professorsofeconomics

B.postgraduatestudentsofinternationaltrade

C.beginnersofbusiness

D.businesspeople

問題5選項

A.Exporttradebarriers.

B.Quotasandtariffs.

C.Reasonsforimposingtradingbarriers.

D.Measurestobreakdowntradebarriers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段先指出“當(dāng)企業(yè)從事海外業(yè)務(wù)時通常都會接觸到來著不同文化的人”,后面分別從時間觀、貨幣兌換以及貿(mào)易壁壘三個方面舉例闡述并給出建議。故A項“如何在國際貿(mào)易中獲得成功”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tardybusinesspeople定位至第二段:Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness(遲到的外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)人員通常會遭遇長吋間等候，這也是一種讓他們知道準(zhǔn)吋的重要性的方法)。因此C項“通常需要在門外等候”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞conversionrates定位至第三段:Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday(匯率是由支持貨幣流通的市場情況決定的。因此，盡管匯率每天都會波動，但也會有一個既定的比率),故選C“每天都會變化”。

4.判斷推理題。文章主要討論的是海外貿(mào)易過程中可能遇到的因地區(qū)差異導(dǎo)致的問題,因此推測文章的目標(biāo)受眾是“商業(yè)人士”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段講到了國際貿(mào)易中的第三個問題-貿(mào)易壁壘,最后一句指出:Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs(兩種最主要的進(jìn)口壁壘就是配額與關(guān)稅),因此推測下一段將討論“配額與關(guān)稅”。

3.單選題

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

問題1選項

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項vain“徒勞的”，和介詞in搭配意為“徒勞無功的”，中間不接定冠詞the；B選項vicinity“鄰近，附近”；C選項court“法院，球場”；D選項jail“監(jiān)獄”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要進(jìn)行大的思考，耗費大量的吋間并付出巨大努力。

考查形容詞辨析。significant有重大意義的，顯著的；enormous巨大的，龐大的：considerable相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的；numerous眾多的，許多的,—般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。故選C。

5.單選題

Forsomecrimes,andundercertainconditions,apoliceofficermustobtainacourtordercalled（）beforemakinganarrest.

問題1選項

A.warrant

B.registry

C.legislation

D.battery

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項warrant表示“根據(jù)，證明，正當(dāng)理由”；B選項registry表示“注冊，登記”；C選項legislation表示“立法”；D選項battery表示“電池；（法）毆打；炮臺”。

由句中acourtorder“一種法院命令”以及關(guān)鍵信息beforemakinganarrest“在實施逮捕之前”可知，這是空缺處應(yīng)該是指逮捕罪犯的證明或者逮捕令。因此，本題正確答案為A項?！揪湟狻繉τ谀承┓缸?，在一定條件下，警察在實施逮捕之前必須獲得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。

6.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】句意:校長在運動會的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講，這極大地鼓舞了運動員們。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous充滿活力的，精力充沛的;tedious冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的；flat平淡的，單調(diào)的，平坦的；harsh嚴(yán)酷的，嚴(yán)厲的，惡劣的。根據(jù)后半句句意可知A正確。

7.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問題1選項

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動詞搭配，故排除C、D選項。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動詞的選擇，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項。

8.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問題1選項

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

9.單選題

Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice

問題1選項

A.assessment

B.access

C.assignment

D.exception

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項assessment表示“評定，估價”；B選項access表示“進(jìn)入，通道，機會”；C選項assignment表示“分配，任務(wù)”；D選項exception表示“例外，異議”。詞組haveaccessto可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3項不可與have構(gòu)成搭配。句意：估計有超過三分之一的人口沒有享受到醫(yī)療服務(wù)。因此本題正確答案為B選項。

10.單選題

Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.

問題1選項

A.Ihadnotspent

B.didnotspent

C.wouldnothavespent

D.havenotspent

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語氣。根據(jù)lastmonth可知此處是與過去事實相反的情況，因此wish后面要用過完完成時態(tài)。選項A符合題意。句意：我希望我上個月沒花這么多錢。

11.單選題

TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783,wasastrugglebywhichthethirteencoloniesthatweretobecometheUnitedStateswonindependencefromBritain.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry.TheBritishGovernmenttriedtoregulatecolonialcommerceintheBritishinterest,andprovokedcolonialopposition.ThecolonistsconvenedtheContinentalCongressandpetitionedthekingforredressoftheirgrievances.In1774BritainrespondedwiththecoerciveIntolerableActs.FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonandConcord.TheContinentalCongressappointedGeorgeWashingtontocommandtheContinentalArmyandonJuly4,1776.adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists.Thesurrender.October1781,ofGeneralCornwallisendedthefightingandtheTreatyofParis(1783)recognizedtheU.S.asanation.

TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange.Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.

America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.

Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandparliament.

1.TheAmericanRevolutionbrokeoutmainlyasaresultofconflictsbetweenthethirteencoloniesandBritainin（

）.

2.Theword"coercive"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingelementsdirectlycontributedtothevictoriousconclusionoftheAmericanRevolution?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheloyalistswhoescapedtoCanadawere（

）.?

5.Whatwilltheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.ideologicaltrends

B.lifestyles

C.culturaldifferences

D.economicinterests

問題2選項

A.compellingbyforce

B.compensatingtheloss

C.comingtotermsbynegotiation

D.reconcilingbyacompromise

問題3選項

A.TheLexingtonCampaign.

B.TheContinentalCongress.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependence.

D.TheFrenchAmericanalliance.

問題4選項

A.Russian

B.French

C.British

D.Australian

問題5選項

A.ThetransportofprisonerstoAustralia.

B.Thecreationofnewstategovernments.

C.EventsleadinguptotheAmericanRevolution.

D.HowCanadaandtheUnitedStatesbecamefriends.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世紀(jì)中葉，殖民地和母國之間在生活、思想，尤其是經(jīng)濟利益方面形成了差異（Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry），由此可知，殖民地與母國發(fā)生沖突最大的原因是因為經(jīng)濟利益。選項D符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonConcord，戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)是由于母國的武力強制，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到薩拉托大捷幫助建立了法美聯(lián)盟，為殖民地人民帶來了至關(guān)重要的援助（ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists），因此選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批講英語的流入人口來自于成千上萬英王的效忠者，這些人從美國逃到了加拿大（OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates），可知這些逃到加拿大的人是英國王室的效忠者，所以選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“接下來的一段最可能討論什么問題？”最后講述了政治的顛覆并不像人們想象的那樣具有革命性。以一些州為例，戰(zhàn)爭在很大程度上認(rèn)可了已經(jīng)存在的殖民自治，英國官員被地方統(tǒng)治階級代替。選項B“新的州政府的建立”與最后一段關(guān)系密切，符合題意。

12.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagricultureliaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（營養(yǎng)成分）capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（棲息地）Iossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe‘‘zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反兩方而)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfanningpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Byitsproductivity

B.Byitssustainability

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.Localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題4選項

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfanningpractices

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

問題5選項

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞measureprogressinagriculture定位至第一段:Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives(這一點在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)得尤為突出，在該領(lǐng)域中，人們常常在未從歷史、文化的角度予以適當(dāng)考慮的情況下，認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展史衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的唯一方法),因此B項“可持續(xù)性”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Specialization和increaseyields定位至第三段:Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields(來自海外的競爭壓力使得農(nóng)民們不得不進(jìn)行專門的研究來增加作物的產(chǎn)量),該段還指出:However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity(但是，這些變化也導(dǎo)致棲息地的損失和生物多樣性的不斷減少),故選D“生物多樣性的減少”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfanningpractices定位至第五段:Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones(比如，我們?nèi)粢饤夁@樣的想法:傳統(tǒng)的做法必然會比新的做法更能夠促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展)。因此C項“這些做法不一定是可持續(xù)性的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inthe21stcentury定位至第五段:Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th(所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)將會與20世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)截然不同)。故選A“將會經(jīng)歷巨變”。

5.主旨大意題。最后一段點明主題:Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction(關(guān)鍵是我們需要認(rèn)識到，可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)并不只是糧食生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性)。因此D項“催促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)”正確。

13.單選題

Physicsis（

）tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.

問題1選項

A.alike

B.equivalent

C.likely

D.uniform

【答案】B

【解析】句意:物理學(xué)也相當(dāng)于一門科學(xué)，在歷史上，這門科學(xué)被稱為自然哲學(xué)。

考查形容詞辨析。alike相同的，相似的；equivalent相等的，相同的；likely可能的，預(yù)料的，有希望的；uniform一致的，統(tǒng)一的。故B符合句意。

14.單選題

Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

問題1選項

A.expose

B.exhaust

C.exhibit

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他們嘗試著通過利用工廠排出的廢物來創(chuàng)造利潤。

考查動詞辨析。expose揭發(fā)，揭露;exhaust用完，花光，使筋疲力盡；exhibit展覽，顯示；exploit運用。故D符合句意。

15.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問題1選項

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生或老師可以每隔一段時間就進(jìn)行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時，每隔一段時間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無此搭配。故選D。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在團隊內(nèi)部建立友誼

團隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強團隊合作。在正式的團體會議中，營造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重，讓每個人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點，就要使隊員們盡量以朋友，而非同事的方式，來處理相互關(guān)系；鼓勵每個成員在工作、會議之外進(jìn)行交談，多作接觸，在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動，創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會碰頭的機會，在取得成功時舉辦慶?；顒拥龋加欣趫F隊成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系，有利于團結(jié)團隊，使之成為一個整體。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

17.單選題

Heshowednosignsofpain（

）tohisdeath.

問題1選項

A.before

B.preceding

C.prior

D.following

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。priorto“在……之前”。句意：他臨死前沒有表現(xiàn)出任何痛苦的跡象。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.

Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.

Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.

1.Thetopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,（）.

4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.

5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines

B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.

C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds

D.thepoweroftornados

問題2選項

A.machines

B.motions

C.methods

D.materials

問題3選項

A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.

B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.

C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

問題4選項

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項

A.areofshortduration.

B.havecirclingwinds.

C.haveextraordinarypower.

D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問文章主題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知，雷暴帶著鋸齒狀的閃電和轟鳴的雷聲，實際上是大自然把熱量從地球表面轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中的主要方式之一。此處引出話題Thunderstorm。后文又圍繞Thunderstorm和squallline的形成進(jìn)行了論述，故A項“雷雨和颮線的形成”符合題意。B項“龍卷風(fēng)的毀滅性結(jié)果”和D項“龍卷風(fēng)的威力”在文中并未提及，可排除；C項“積云和積雨云”只是在文中有所提及，不能作為文章主題。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

2.詞匯題。將mechanism定位到原文第一段，由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知，雷暴是為了將熱量從地表轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中，因此這是一種大自然的原始方式，故C項methods含義最接近。A項machine表示“機器”；B項motion表示“動作；移動；手勢；議案”；D項material表示“材料”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知，積雨云的發(fā)生取決于大氣溫度。而根據(jù)“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知，較高與較低海拔之間的溫差更顯著。因此，A項“較高與較低海拔之間沒有很大溫差”表述錯誤。B項“較高與較低海拔之間較大的溫差更可能發(fā)生雷雨”；C項“（夏天）沒有太多的冷空氣的溫度下降得比冬天更快”以及D項“（夏天）上升空氣的溫度比冬天下降得慢”均與原文不符。故本題正確答案為B項。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一條颮線可能長達(dá)數(shù)百英里，可容納50個不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的說就是由于雷暴云中強烈上升氣流到達(dá)對流層頂后，受到對流層頂（平流層下）強烈的水平氣流作用而不能繼續(xù)上升，從而向四周快速擴散，形成云砧。由于對流層頂溫度很低，上升氣流中凝結(jié)的水汽以冰晶形式存在，冰晶隨風(fēng)擴散，所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推測C項正確。A項圖像應(yīng)為“閃電”；B項圖像應(yīng)為“龍卷風(fēng)”；D項圖像應(yīng)為“晴間多云”。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知，在颮線的南端經(jīng)常可以發(fā)現(xiàn)超級單體，這是一種長期存在且又異常強大的旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)暴，是龍卷風(fēng)的源頭。由此可知，A項“持續(xù)時間短暫”與原文不符。而B項“有旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)”；C項“能量非凡”以及D項“可以引起龍卷風(fēng)”均與原文表述相符，故本題正確答案為A項。

19.單選題

Thefamousscientistwassoeasy-goingand（）thatcollegestudentslikedtotalkwithhim.

問題1選項

A.graceful

B.gracious

C.grim

D.glorious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項graceful表示“優(yōu)雅的；優(yōu)美的”；B選項gracious表示“親切的；高尚的；雅致的”；C選項grim表示“冷酷的；糟糕的；殘忍的”；D選項glorious表示“光榮的；輝煌的；極好的”。根據(jù)easy-going（平易近人的）可知空缺處部分應(yīng)為其近義詞，因此B項“和藹的”符合語境，故正確答案為B項。句意：這位著名科學(xué)家是如此的平易近人又和藹可親，大學(xué)生們都喜歡與他交談。

20.單選題

I'vebecomesomewhatphysicallyunfit,soI'vestartedgoingtothegymonceaweektoseeifIcan（）mybody.

問題1選項

A.tidyup

B.toneup

C.takeup

D.eatup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項tidyup表示“收拾，整理”；B選項toneup表示“増強；提高（聲調(diào)等）使更健康”；C選項takeup表示“拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)（時間，地方）”；D選項eatup表示“吃光；耗盡；擊垮”。根據(jù)somewhatphysicallyunfit（身體有點不健康）可知，空缺處應(yīng)為“使更健康”，故B項正確。因此本題正確答案為B項。句意：我的身體已有些許不適，所以我開始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以讓身體更健康。

21.單選題

Threeuniversitydepartmentshavebeen（

）$600,000todevelopgoodpracticeinteachingandlearning.

問題1選項

A.promoted

B.included

C.secured

D.awarded

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A項promote表示“促進(jìn)；提升；發(fā)揚”；B項include表示“包含，包括”；C項secure表示“保護，招致”；D項award表示“授予”。根據(jù)句意可知，大學(xué)的三個系被60萬美元來開展良好的教學(xué)實踐。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

22.單選題

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied（

）theoldlady’snecklace.

問題1選項

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭傳訓(xùn)他的吋候，他拒不承認(rèn)拿了老太太的項鏈。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做了某事。另外由于動作是發(fā)生在過去，因此需要用完成時態(tài)，故答案選A。

23.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Mostpeoplebenefitfrominternationaltrade,forthesamegeneralreasonsthatmostpeoplebenefitfromthedivisionoflaborwithinnationsandwithinlocalities.Byparticipatinginabroadercommunitywithinwhichindividualsandgroupssellwhattheycanproducewiththegreatest(comparative)efficiency,peoplecansecureafargreaterquantityandvarietyofgoodsthaneachindividualcouldpossiblyobtainifhehadtoproduceeveryonehimself.Thereare,ofcourse,manyinstanceswhenblockingorlimitingtradecanbringadvantagestoparticulargroupsattheexpenseofthebroadersociety.Butthemorethesegroupssucceedinenforcingsuchrestrictions,thelowerthestandardoflivingandtheslowerthepaceofeconomicgrowthforthecommunityasawhole.

Aswithcommunities,sotoowithnations.Specificinterestscangainfromimportrestrictionsandeconomictheoryevenrecognizescasesinwhichatradebarriermightleaveanentirenationbetteroffalbeitattheexpenseofothernations.Inmostcircumstances,however,opentrade--bymaximizingeconomicefficiency—enhancesthewelfareandthestandardoflivingofthenationandofthewiderworld.

【答案】大多數(shù)人從國際貿(mào)易中獲益，這跟大多數(shù)人從國家內(nèi)部和地方內(nèi)部的分工中獲益的原因大致相同。通過參與一個更廣泛的社區(qū)，這個社區(qū)中個人與團體以最高的（相對）效率出售他們所能生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，人們獲得的商品數(shù)量與種類遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過自己能生產(chǎn)的。當(dāng)然，在很多情況下，組織或者限制貿(mào)易能夠給某些特定群體帶來好處，代價是整個社會的利益。但是，這些團體越是成功地執(zhí)行這些限制，整個社區(qū)的生活水平就越低，經(jīng)濟增長的速度就越慢。

社區(qū)如此，國家也是如此。特定的利益能夠從進(jìn)口限制中獲得，經(jīng)濟理論甚至承認(rèn)，在某些情況下，貿(mào)易壁壘可能常會使國家經(jīng)濟變得更好，盡管是以別國利益為代價。然而，在大多情況下，開放貿(mào)易——通過最大化經(jīng)濟效率——提高國家和更廣泛世界的福利和生活水平。

24.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyone