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高中英語精品語法課件名詞(第1課時(shí))Lead-in1.寫出下面單詞的名詞形式fail—_________,shop—_________,similar—_________,social—_________,
work—_________,strong—_________,
marry—_________,ill—_________,
pollute—_________,move—_________。答案failure,shopping,similarity,socialist/socialism,worker,strength,marriage,llness,pollutionmovementLead-in2.指出名詞(詞組)在句中的句法功能1.Wehavewalkedthreekilometers(
)bynow.A.賓語B.表語C.狀語D.賓語補(bǔ)足語2.Mr.Han,ourneighbour(),worksinthecitygovernment.A.主語B.定語C.同位語D.狀語3.Lilywasmadeleaderofthegroup().A.賓語補(bǔ)足語B.主語補(bǔ)足語C.賓語D.同位語Lead-in4.Bothherparents(
)died,leavingheranorphan(
).A.主語B.賓語C.賓語補(bǔ)足語D.定語5.Youarefool(
)enoughtotrusthim.A.表語B.定語C.賓語D.狀語6.Theclassmeeting(
)lastedanhour(
).A.主語B.賓語C.表語D.狀語Lead-in7.Haveyouwrittenyourfriends(
)anyletter(
)recently.A.賓語B.同位語C.賓語補(bǔ)足語D.定語8.Thatsoundsagoodidea(
).A.賓語B.定語C.狀語D.表語答案1.C
2.C
3.B
4.A;C
5.A
6.A;D
7.A;A
8.D
Presentation名詞的構(gòu)成形容詞
+nesscarefulness,happiness,willingness,fairness,bitterness,deafness,darkness,greatness動(dòng)詞
+(t)ionliberation,action,operation,invention,education,protection,graduation,examination,suggestion,collection,attraction,direction,production,動(dòng)詞
+(s)ionexpression,impression,television,動(dòng)詞
+mentachievement,investment,encouragement,improvement,government動(dòng)詞
+ingreading,painting,singing,listening,動(dòng)詞
+er/or/ar/essbuilder,beggar,operator,teacher,founder,flatter,computer,actor,actress動(dòng)詞
+uremixture,gesture,moisture,furniture,literaturePresentation形容詞
+ityactivity,ability,equality,curiosity,electricity,generosity,personality,popularity,creativity,disability形容詞
+istmodernist,capitalist,moralist,humanist形容詞
+ismmodernism,capitalism,idealism,impressionism形容詞
+thlength,width,health,depth,動(dòng)詞/名詞
+agebreakage,advantage,baggage,luggage,hostage,carriage名詞
+shipchampionship,friendship,relationship,comradeship,hardship,mastership名詞/形容詞+domkingdom,freedomPresentation名詞
+hoodchildhood,neighbourhood,boyhood,girlhood形容詞(詞尾t→ce)difference,distance,patience,presence,importance,silence,absence,independence,justice名詞
+名詞mankind,textbook,classroom,workshop,bookstore,earphone,housewife,headmaster,master-piece形容詞
+名詞blackboard,broadband,hi-tech,e-mail,foreman,grandparent,forefather,hardware副詞
+動(dòng)詞income,outcome,input,downpour,downfall,outlook,output,outburst動(dòng)詞
+副詞breakthrough,drawback,get-together,go-between,make-up其它good-for-nothing,father-in-lawPresentation專有名詞與普通名詞專有名詞不可數(shù)表示個(gè)人地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等所專有的名稱,如Mr.Smith,F(xiàn)rance,theGreatWall等。
普通名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)表示某一類人或物的個(gè)體,如man,pen,teacher,country,watch等。集體名詞可數(shù)表示由若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如family,class,police,team,cattle等。物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物,如air,glass,steel,cloth,wood等。抽象名詞不可數(shù)表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象的概念,如work,love,strength等。Presentation可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名
詞定
義修飾名詞的限定詞
可數(shù)名詞
可以用數(shù)來計(jì)算的名詞。a(n),many,(a)few,manya(n),agreat/goodmany,agreat/good/large/smallnumberof,another,each,either,some,any,no,neither,lotsof,alotof,every,one,several,plentyof,enough,hundreds/thousandsof等。
不可數(shù)名詞不可以用數(shù)來計(jì)算的名詞。much,(a)little,abitof,agreat/goodamountof,agreatdealof,alotof,lotsof,some,any,no,enough,plentyof,alarge/greatquantityof等。Presentation不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)形式,即原形;而可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:名詞的數(shù)構(gòu)詞情況復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)詞方法例詞一般情形加-smaps,books,plays以s,x,sh,ch,z結(jié)尾加-esbuses,boxes,brushes,buzzes,peaches,但stomachs以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾改y為i加-escountries,families,centuriesPresentation構(gòu)詞情況復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)詞方法例詞
以o結(jié)尾加-sphotos,radios,studios,pianos,但zoo(e)s,mosquito(e)s加-espotatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes以f(e)結(jié)尾改為-vesleaves,wives,lives,selves,shelves,knives,thieves加-schiefs,cliffs,gulfs,proofs,roofs,safes,beliefs受man和woman修飾的名詞兩個(gè)名詞均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)manteacher—menteacherswomandoctor—womendoctors,但boy/girlfriend—boy/girlfriends不規(guī)則變化foot—feet,tooth—teeth,man—men,woman—women,mouse—mice,child—children,ox—oxen,phenomenon—phenomena,medium—mediaPresentation1)主語Teachersshouldloveeveryoneofthestudents.老師應(yīng)該喜歡每位學(xué)生。名詞的數(shù)2)賓語Theteacherishelpingagirlwithhergeography.老師正在幫助一個(gè)女孩學(xué)地理。PresentationHelooksanhonestboy.他看起來是位誠實(shí)的孩子。3)表語David,ourmonitor,isgoodatEnglish.我們的班長大衛(wèi)英語很好。4)同位語Presentation5)定語Thelittlegirldroppedthecoffeecupandbrokeit.小女孩把咖啡杯弄掉了,結(jié)構(gòu)打碎了。6)狀語Thefilmlastsmorethantwohours.電影要放映三個(gè)多小時(shí)。Presentation7)補(bǔ)足語Wemakeitaruletogetupearly.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)我們養(yǎng)成了早起的習(xí)慣。Themanwaselectedmanagerofthecompany.(主語補(bǔ)足語)那個(gè)人當(dāng)選為公司經(jīng)理。Presentation名詞所有格名詞形式所有格形式例詞1.單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾后加’sanhour’sride一小時(shí)的行車,apoorfarmer’sfamily一位窮苦農(nóng)民的家庭,theChildren’sPalace少年宮,Men’sroom男廁所2.以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾加(’)theteachers’office教師辦公室,thestudents’dormitory學(xué)生公寓,theworkers’restroom工人休息室3.以-s結(jié)尾的人名在詞尾加’s或(’)Ross’/Ross’sfamily羅斯的家人,Dickens’/Dickens’sworks狄更斯的著作Presentation名詞形式所有格形式例詞4.復(fù)合名詞及作為整體的名詞詞組在最后一個(gè)詞后加’smyfather-in-law’sfriend我岳父的朋友
eachother’saddresses相互的地址,somebodyelse’sopinion別個(gè)人的意見acatanddog’slife貓狗的生活5.兩個(gè)名詞同位的詞組在同位語的名詞后加’smyclassmateLiHai’sdictionary我同學(xué)李海的詞典
ourmanagerMr.Smith’sfamily我們經(jīng)理史密斯先生的家人Spotlight1.只用于復(fù)數(shù)的名詞clothes(衣服),trousers(褲子),goods(貨物),glasses(眼鏡),crew(全體船員),cattle(牛),police(警察),pants(短褲),shorts(短褲),scissors(剪刀)Wherearemyglasses?我的眼鏡在哪里?特殊名詞歸類SpotlightAllthepeoplethereontheplaygroundareJapanese.操場上的人全部是日本人。2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep(綿羊),deer(鹿),fish(魚),Chinese(中國人),Japanese(日本人),Swiss(瑞士人),Portuguese(葡萄牙人)Spotlight3.表單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞family(家庭/家人),class(班級/全班同學(xué)),team(隊(duì)/隊(duì)員),group(小組/組員),army(部隊(duì)/軍人),government(政府/政府官員),public(公眾),audience(觀眾),works(工廠/作品),means(方式),manners(行為),species(物種)Myfamilyisneitherlargenorsmall.我的家既不大也不小。Howareyourfamily?你的家人都好嗎?Ourschoolteamaretrainingonthesportsfield.我們的校隊(duì)正在運(yùn)動(dòng)場上訓(xùn)練。Spotlight4.有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾的不可數(shù)名詞news(新聞),politics(政治),physics(物理),mathematics(數(shù)學(xué)),plastics(塑料)Myphysicsisratherpoor.我的物理相當(dāng)差。Spotlight5.有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞waters(河水/湖水/海水),sands(沙灘),coffees(幾份咖啡),drinks(幾份飲料),spirits(酒精,teas(幾杯茶),rags(破衣服),brains(智力),tears(眼淚)Tencoffeesareenoughforus.我們有十杯咖啡夠了。Spotlight6.常見不可數(shù)名詞weather(天氣),progress(進(jìn)步),advice(建議),information(信息),fun(趣事),furniture(家具),jewelry(珠寶),clothing(衣物),luck(運(yùn)氣),room(地方)Whatniceweatherwehavethesedays!這幾天的天氣多好!Spotlight7.用于可數(shù)和不可數(shù)的名詞paper(紙張/報(bào)紙/論文/試卷),cloth(布料/油布/桌布),hair(滿頭發(fā)/一根根的發(fā)),experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn)/經(jīng)歷),success(成功/成功的人),failure(失敗/失敗的人),difficulty(困難/難事),exercise(鍛煉/練習(xí)),room(空間/房間),glass(玻璃/玻璃杯),fruit(水果/水果種類)Thereisnotenoughroomforthefurnitureintheserooms.這幾個(gè)房間里要擺放這些家具空間不夠。Spotlight8.前面可以用a(n)的不可數(shù)名詞apleasure(一件樂事),asurprise(一件驚奇的事),awasteoftime(浪費(fèi)時(shí)間),arise(提升/漲工資),aknowledgeofEnglish(懂英語),agoodlaugh(一頓大笑),agoodsleep(一個(gè)好覺),alightsmoke(一股輕煙),aheavyrain(一場大雨),astrongwind(一陣大風(fēng)),adeepinterest(濃厚興趣),adeeplove(深愛),agoodeducation(良好教育)Itisawasteoftimetotalkwithhimatthistime.這個(gè)時(shí)候去和他交談只是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Aheavyrainisontheway.一場大雨快要來了。Practice1.Someschoolswillhavetomake_______inagreementwiththenationalsocialreform.(2015江蘇)A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements答案:B。Judgment“判斷”;adjustment“調(diào)整”;comment“評論”;achievement“成就”。根據(jù)句意,這里應(yīng)表示“作出調(diào)整”。2.Her______forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.(2014湖北)A.motivation
B.qualification C.talent D.technique答案:A。adesirefor…就是她寫作的“動(dòng)機(jī)”,用motivation。鏈接高考Practice3.Theaccidentcausedsome_______tomycar,butit’snothingserious.(2013遼寧)A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage答案:D。causedamageto…對……造成損壞。4.WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopeda
forfineart.(2013天津)A.way B.relationC.tasteD.habit答案:C。developatastefor…“形成對……的欣賞水平”Practice選擇正確選項(xiàng)填空1.________heisatthecause.A.WhatagreatsuccessB.WhatgreatsuccessC.HowgreatsuccessD.Howagreatsuccess2.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis______wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkswithothers.(上海2005)A.temperB.appearanceC.talentD.character3.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithas________alloverthecountry.(遼寧2005)A.companiesB.branchesC.organizationsD
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