主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)及專項練習(xí)

主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者。ShelikesEnglish.被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受著或涉及到的對象。Englishisliked（byher）.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+v-ed寫出各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式：被動語態(tài)時態(tài)構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)（以teach為例）被動語態(tài)（以teach為例）般現(xiàn)在時be(am/is/are)+v-edteachteaches現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be(am/is/are)be+v-edbe(am/is/are)teaching過去進(jìn)行時be(was/were)be+v-edbe(was/were)teaching般過去時be(was/were)+v-edtaught般將來時be(am/is/are)goingtobe+v-edbe(am/is/are)goingtoteach般將來時Willbe+v-edwillteach現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen+v-edhave/hastaught過去完成時hadbeen+v-edhadtaught含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can/may/must/needbe+v-edcan/may/must/needteach三、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to。makesb.dosth.sb.+be+madetodosth.seesb.dosth.sb+be+seentodosth.例:Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.TThelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。例:Hegavemeabook.TAbookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.TAticketwasshowntomebyhim.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan'tlaughathim.THecan'tbelaughedatbyus.專項練習(xí)：將下面句子改為被動語態(tài)Everybodylikeshim.Hebrokethecup.HeInsweredmethatquestion.Hewrote|heraletter.Shemadehimanewcoat.Hegavehersomemoney.Heboughtherawatch.將下面句子改為主動語態(tài)Englishistaughtinourschool.Wearetakengoodcareofatschool.Hewastakentothepolicestation.Thehousewasbuilttenyearsago.Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon.Themeetingwillbeheldattwothisafternoon.Alltheworkhasbeendonenow.Havethelettersbeenposted?Hesaidtheworkhadbeenfinished.Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim.Theplanisnowbeingdiscussed.Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon.Hetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuilt.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek.Thisbustbeknownbyeveryone.Thiscan'tbedoneinashorttime.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)相互轉(zhuǎn)換（沒空一次，含縮寫）wecallmathstheIanguageofscienee.Wheredidtheyplantthetrees?Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.Theteachermadethestudentcopythetext.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.Johnwasseentocrossthestreet