2023版高三一輪總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)外研版課時(shí)分層作業(yè)27　Times change

課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(二十七)Ⅰ．閱讀理解A(2021·武漢市質(zhì)量檢測(cè))I'veconsultedseveraltravelexpertsandfoundoutthetopplacesintheUSAworthvisiting．Where:NewOrleansWhy：NewOrleansisknownforitsmusicandfoodscene—nottomentionthefestivals．Ithasabout130festivalseachyearsothere'sreallynobadtimetovisit.BourbonStreetistheobviouschoiceforfood,drinkandjazzandit'sdefinitelyamust-visitlocation,especiallyforfirst-timerstothecity．Where:Vail,ColoradoWhy：Vailistheperfectdestinationfortravelerslookingtofindalmosteverythinginonecentralspot.StayattheamazingFourSeasonsResortandResidencesVailwhichisstepsawayfromVailVillage,apopularspotwithcobblestone(鵝卵石)streetsforwanderingleisurely．Thecountry'slargestfreetransportationsystemrunsfrequently,makingiteasytoaccessalmostanywherefromVailVillagetoLionsheadVillage．Where:HudsonValleyWhy：TheHudsonValleyiswhereNewYorkersgotoescapethecitywhentheyneedahealthydoseofnatureandrelaxation.Justanan-hour-and-a-halfdrivenorthofNewYorkCity,theHudsonValleyismadeupofimpossiblycharmingsmalltowns,wheretheairisfresherandthingsdomoveslowerinthemountains．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)最值得去旅游的幾個(gè)地方以及它們的特色。1．YoucanenjoydifferentthingsinNewOrleansexcept________．A．scenery B．musicC．festivals D．foodA[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Where：NewOrleans，Louisiana部分的“Why：NewOrleansisknownforitsmusicandfoodscene—nottomentionthefestivals．”可知，新奧爾良以其音樂(lè)、美食及節(jié)日聞名，沒(méi)有提及景色。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。]2．Whichplacewouldyouchooseifyoulikewanderingleisurely?A．BourbonStreet．B．VailVillage．C．LionsheadVillage．D．NewOrleans．B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Where：Vail，Colorado部分的“StayattheamazingFourSeasonsResortandResidencesVailwhichisstepsawayfromVailVillage，apopularspotwithcobblestonestreetsforwanderingleisurely．”可知，在韋爾村，游客可以在鵝卵石街道上悠閑地漫步，故B項(xiàng)正確。]3．WhatcanNewYorkersenjoyintheHudsonValley?A．Ancienttowns．B．Healthydiets．C．Slowmovement．D．Innerpeace．D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段的“TheHudsonValleyiswhereNewYorkersgotoescapethecitywhentheyneedahealthydoseofnatureandrelaxation．”可知，哈德遜谷是紐約人逃離城市去親近自然、放松一下的地方。再結(jié)合最后一句中的“theairisfresherandthingsdomoveslowerinthemountains”可以判斷，在哈德遜谷人們可以放慢節(jié)奏，享受到內(nèi)心的平靜。故D項(xiàng)正確。]B(2021·鹽城市統(tǒng)一考試)I'vebeenwritingsincebeforeIcouldwrite.Asakid,Idictatedstoriestomyparents.About12yearsago,IwaslivinginNewYorkCityandpursuingamaster'sincreativewriting.ForyearsI'dbeensufferingvisiondisorder,butinNewYorkmysymptomsworsened.Ibecameunabletoreadorwriteforanyconsiderablelengthoftime.Itriedvisiontherapy(療法),anoverheadprojector,aspecialpairofglasses—allinvain．Eventually,Idiscoveredacomputerprogramforthevisuallychallenged．AsItyped,mywordswerereadaloudbyanautomatedvoice．Withmyscreendimmedtoblack,IreliedentirelyonaudiofeedbacktoknowwhatIhadwritten．Facingtheblankpageisworrying,butfacingtheblackpageisworse.Thedarkscreenisasinkholethatswallowscreativehope.Sentencesdisappearintoitlikeanastronautintoablackhole.Imanagedtocompletemymaster'sdegree,butittookmeyearstoadapttomynewreality.Thegreatestbarrierseemedtobetheautomatedvoice,whichwaslikearobotparrotonmyshoulder,andIwantednothingmorethantodriveitaway.Ifapianistwereforcedtopracticeonanuntunedpianowoulditcorrupthisearovertime?Ofcourse,Icouldhavequitwritingandstoppedmakingmyselfsuffer.Butithonestlyneveroccurredtome—andI'mgladitdidn't.Lastyear,afterItoldmystoryontheradio,IwascontactedbyVocaliD,aMassachusetts-basedcompanythatcreatedavoicemodeledonmyown．ThefirsttimeIheardthevoicetheycreated,itissoclosetomyownthatthetwoarenearlyindistinguishable.I'veonlyjustbegunusingthisnewvoice.Myhopeisthatthiswillrestoreasenseofsolitude(孤獨(dú))tomywritingprocess,allowingmeeasieraccesstothatinnerspacewheretheimaginationcantakeover,andIcanforgetmyself,andtherealworkcanbegin．Theblackscreenstillexists—italwayswill—buttherobotparrothastakenwing．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記述了一位視力障礙者的寫(xiě)作之路。4．Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewaspursuingamaster'sdegreeinNewYork?A．Hissightstartedtofailduetomuchreading．B．Hiseyescouldn'tsustainlonghoursofreading．C．Hehadtodropoutduetohisvisiondisorder．D．Hesuccessfullyovercamehisvisionproblem．B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“IwaslivinginNewYorkCityandpursuingamaster'sincreativewriting．．．Ibecameunabletoreadorwriteforanyconsiderablelengthoftime．”可知，作者在紐約攻讀創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作碩士學(xué)位時(shí)，視力障礙的癥狀?lèi)夯耍荒荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間地讀或?qū)?，故B項(xiàng)正確。]5．Whatstillbotheredtheauthorafterhegothismaster'sdegree?A．Theuntunedautomatedvoice．B．Thepetparrotonhisshoulder．C．Thecomputerwithadarkscreen．D．Thenoisefromaneighboringpianist．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thegreatestbarrierseemedtobetheautomatedvoice．．．driveitaway．”可知，作者覺(jué)得最大的障礙似乎是這個(gè)自動(dòng)化的聲音，就像一只機(jī)器鸚鵡站在他肩上，作者只想把它趕走。故A項(xiàng)正確。]6．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenhefirstheardthevoicecreatedbyVocaliD?A．Excited． B．Annoyed．C．Unmoved． D．Relaxed．A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，作者第一次聽(tīng)到VocaliD制造出來(lái)的聲音時(shí)，覺(jué)得這種聲音和他自己的聲音太接近了，幾乎無(wú)法區(qū)分。再結(jié)合下文表述的作者開(kāi)始用這種聲音并對(duì)它寄予希望可以推知，作者很興奮，故A項(xiàng)正確。]7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theautomatedvoiceistooannoyingtobear．B．Theauthorcanrestorehissighttonormal．C．Theauthorstartstoenjoyhiswritingagain．D．Itislikelythatthetechnologywillimprove．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段可知，黑屏仍然存在——它將一直存在——但這只機(jī)器鸚鵡已經(jīng)飛走了；據(jù)此可推知，作者的視力沒(méi)有恢復(fù)，但之前寫(xiě)作時(shí)看似最大的障礙已經(jīng)解決，作者又開(kāi)始享受寫(xiě)作了，故C項(xiàng)正確。]C(2021·南昌市八一中學(xué)模擬)Thesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound．Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound．However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity．Inastudy,98studentswereaskedtocompletetwosurveys.Aftertheyhadcompletedthefirst,theyweremadetowait15minutestoreceivethenextone.Theyweregivenachoiceofeitherhandinginthefirstsurveynearbyoratamoredistantlocationtheyhadtowalkto.Whicheveroptiontheychose,theyreceivedachocolatebar.Itturnedoutthatapproximatelytwo-thirds(68students)chosethelazyoption.Thosewhohadtakenthewalkreportedfeelinghappierthanthosewhohadstayedput．Prof.Hseeconcludedthatkeepingbusyhelpedkeeppeoplehappy.Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,hadpolicyimplications．“Governmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatareactuallyuseless，”heproposed．Attheindividuallevel,headvised,“Getupanddosomething.Anything.Eveniftherereallyisnopointtowhatyouaredoing,youwillfeelbetterforit．”Headded,“Incidentally,thinkingdeeplyorengaginginself-reflectioncountsaskeepingbusy,too．”“Youdonotneedtoberunningaround.Youjustneedtobeengaged,eitherphysicallyormentally．”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了科學(xué)家們通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使人們快樂(lè)的秘訣就是讓自己忙起來(lái)，有事可做就會(huì)提升幸福感。8．Keepingbusycanmakepeoplehappybecause________．A．itcanhelppeoplegetridoflazinessB．itcanmakepeoplesleepbetterC．itcanhelpgetridofnegativeemotionsD．itcangivepeopleasenseofachievementC[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段“Thesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound．”(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂(lè)的秘訣就是讓自己忙起來(lái)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓大腦忙于各種任務(wù)，不管它們多么毫無(wú)意義，都能抵御負(fù)面情緒。)可知，忙碌能讓人快樂(lè)是因?yàn)樗梢詭椭鷶[脫不愉快的感覺(jué)。故選C項(xiàng)。]9．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thefindingmaycontributetopolitics．B．TheofficialshavetakenProf.Hsee'sadvice．C．Inthestudyhalfstudentshandedinthefirstsurveynearby．D．Governmentscanincreasecitizens'happinessbybuildingbridges．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,hadpolicyimplications．”(他說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上的研究結(jié)果具有政治意義。)可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于政治。故選A項(xiàng)。]10．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Everybodyisborntobehappy．B．Onlybykeepingworkingallthetimecanyougainhappiness．C．Prof.Hsee'sfindingwaspublishedinPsychologicalScience．D．Keepingbusygoesagainsthumannature．D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity．”(而壞消息是，據(jù)芝加哥大學(xué)行為科學(xué)家ChristoperHsee教授說(shuō)，為了節(jié)省能量，人類(lèi)似乎生來(lái)就懶惰。)可推知，忙碌有悖于人的天性。故選D項(xiàng)。]11．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainwhathappinessis．B．Toadvisepeoplenottositaround．C．Toadvisepeopletodowhattheyliketo．D．Toshowpeoplehowtotakelifecorrectly．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段“Thesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound．”和最后一段中的“Youdonotneedtoberunningaround.Youjustneedtobeengaged,eitherphysicallyormentally．”(你沒(méi)必要到處跑。你只需要有事忙，無(wú)論是身體上還是精神上。)可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章是為了建議人們不要無(wú)所事事。故選B項(xiàng)。]D(2021·福州市質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Canafishbedepressed?ThisquestionhasbeeninmyheadeversinceIspentanightinahotelacrossfromasad-lookingfish．Thepleasantwomanatthefrontdeskassuredmethathewaswelltakencareof.WasIincorrectlyassuminghislazinesswasasignofbeingupset?WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous,buttheydidnot.Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition(認(rèn)知),buildingacasethatpetsandownersarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassumed.Theneurochemistry(神經(jīng)化學(xué))issosimilarthatit'sscary,saidJulianPittman,aprofessor.Wetendtothinkofthemassimplelivingthings,butthereisalotwedon'tgivefishcreditfor．Dr.Pittmanlikesworkingwithfish,inpartbecausetheyaresoobviousabouttheirdepression.Azebrafishgetsdroppedinanewtank.Ifafterfiveminutesitishangingdowninthelowerhalf,it'sdepressed.Ifit'sswimmingupthetop,thenit'snot．Isdepressiontherightword?There'sanobviousissuethatwecannotaskanimalshowtheyfeel,saysDr.DiegoA．Pizzagalli.Neitherfishnorratscancatchtheentirerangeofdepressionasweknowit．Thereisaheateddebateaboutwhether“anxious”or“depressed”isamoreappropriateterm.ButwhathasconvincedDr.Pittmanandothersoverthepasttenyearsiswatchingthewaythezebrafishloseinterestinjustabouteverything:food，toys,exploration,justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn.Thesameistrueoffish．Oneofthethingswe'refindingisthatfisharenaturallycuriousandseeknovelthingsout,saidDr.Braithwaite.Inotherwords,yourgoldfishisprobablybored．Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesintroducingnewobjectstothetankorswitchingthelocationsofitems．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。最新科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)魚(yú)也會(huì)有抑郁情緒，這顛覆了人們以往的認(rèn)知。12．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Fishareconsideredsimplelivingthings．B．Petsandownersarealwaysassumedtobethesame．C．Scientistshavelearntalotaboutfishcognition．D．Fishandhumanbeingshavesomethingincommon．D[段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“buildingacasethatpetsandownersarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassumed”及“Theneurochemistryissosimilarthatit'sscary”可推知，該段主要講魚(yú)和人類(lèi)有一些共同之處，故選D。]13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“withdrawn”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Quietandshy．B．Happyandexcited．C．Interestedandcareful．D．Disappointedandsurprised．A[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn”可知，該畫(huà)線詞描述患抑郁癥的人的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，A項(xiàng)(安靜且羞怯)符合語(yǔ)境。]14．Whycanfishbecomeboredaccordingtothetext?A．Theyneedoxygenfromtheair．B．Theyarenotborntobecurious．C．Theylacknewthingstoexplore．D．Theycan'tlocatethepositionsofitems．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Oneofthethings．．．seeknovelthingsout”及“Tohelpgetridofdepression，sheurgesintroducingnewobjects”可推知，魚(yú)有厭煩情緒的原因是其沒(méi)有新奇的事物去探索，因此選C。]15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FishDepressionIsNotaJoke．B．FishCanBeaBoringPet．C．FishNeedMoreBetterCare．D．FishCognitionDoesNotExist．A[標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章首段中的“Canafishbedepressed？”，第三段中的“WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous，buttheydidnot．”及第六段中的“Thesameistrueoffish．”可知，全文的主題是魚(yú)也會(huì)抑郁，故A項(xiàng)“魚(yú)會(huì)抑郁不是一個(gè)笑話(huà)”可作文章的最佳標(biāo)題。]Ⅱ．閱讀七選五(2021·山東部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)綜合考試)Criticism(批評(píng))isharmfultohealthyrelationships.It'sokaytoexpressdisappointmentifsomeoneisbehavinginawaythathurtsyou．1Thefollowingaresomewaystocatchcriticismbeforeitbegins．2Beforeyoucriticize,pauseandconsiderwhetheryoureallyneedtosayanythingatall.Ifsomeonedidsomethingtogetonyournerves,wouldyoureallyneedtopointitout?Sometimes,it'sbesttoletsmallrudenessgo.Takeafewdeepbreathsandleavetheroominsteadofcriticizing．Berealistic.Criticalpeopleoftenhaveveryhighexpectationsofthosearoundthem.Yourtendencytocriticizemaycomefromexpectingtoomuchfromothers.Sometimesyoumayfindyourselfconsistentlyanno