主謂一致的講義-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)主謂一致一warm-up用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I____astudent.(be)2.He_____goodatEnglish.(be)3.You____lateforclassagain.(be)4.They______manynewbooks.(have)5.She_____twosisters.(have)二．定義：主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)的_____和______保持一致。主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致的類型一、語(yǔ)法一致二、意義一致三、就近原則語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：MrBlackisawell-knownexpertonAIDS.Myfriendshavenointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.特殊情況之語(yǔ)法秘籍：1.Nothingbutstampsandenvelopes_______(be)forsalenow.Theteacherwithanumberofstudents______(be)intheclassroom.Theteacheraswellashisstudents______(like)music總結(jié)：主語(yǔ)+aswellas;alongwith;together;with;ratherthan;nolessthan;but;except;besides;inadditionto;like;including時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即就遠(yuǎn)原則2.Morethanoneperson______(be)againsttheproposalnow(提議）.Manyastudent________(agree)thatEnglishisinteresting.總結(jié)：manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式3.Nothing_____(be)impossible.Wewenttoseeacoupleofhouses,butneither_____（be）satisfying.總結(jié)either;neither;each.anyone;anything;someone;somebody;something;everyone;everybody;everything做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)4.Everyboyandeverygirl_____givenaticket連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each,every,no修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)/eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)5.Myglasses______(be)onthedesk.Apairofglasses_________(be)onthedesk.Twopairsofglasses______(be)onthedesk.總結(jié)trousers，glasses，clothes，scissors剪刀，goods貨物，savings儲(chǔ)蓄金，belongs財(cái)產(chǎn)等等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)部分有kind，sort，pair，typeof＋名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與量詞保持一致。6.Onethirdoftheworkersinthisfactory_____(be)women.Alotofstudents________(come)tothemeeting.Alotofwork______(notfinish)yet.總結(jié)half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/onethirdof/（60）percentof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和它們所修飾的名詞保持一致。7.Inthepark_____(lie)severallakes.Here_____(be)someadvertisementsaboutcoffee.總結(jié)：倒裝句的主謂一致，特別注意找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)Twopicturesareonthewall,whichattractmanypeople.Onthewallaretwopictures,whichattractmanypeople.Theirteacherstandsamongthestudents,whoisinherthirties.Amongthestudentsstandstheirteacher,whoisinherthirties.8.I,who___old,haveneverseensuchathing.Heisoneofstudentswho___(come)fromEngland.Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswho___Englsihwell.總結(jié)：定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞的數(shù)保持一致；若先行詞oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)若先行詞theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)9.thenumber/quantity/amountof+名詞，“...的數(shù)量”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_____形式Anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“大量的，許多的”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用______形式Large/hugequantities/amountsof+名詞“大量的，許多的”作主語(yǔ)，其后的謂語(yǔ)取決于_________.Quantitiesofrubbish___(have)beenclearedawayfromthisarea.二．意義一致意義一致原則是指主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)概念決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.Physicsishardtolearn.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.語(yǔ)法秘籍1.and，both...and...連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí)1）and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。HeandI___(be)bothstudentsofthisschool.Thewriterandthetranslator_____(be)deliveringaspeechinourschooltonight.Thewriterandtranslator_____(be)deliveringaspeechinourschooltonight.動(dòng)腦筋:他們有什么區(qū)別？Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechinourschooltonight.Thewriterandthetranslatoraredeliveringaspeechinourschooltonight.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.Ablackandawhitedogareplayingintheyard.由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，同一個(gè)人，同一事物時(shí),and后面的名詞無(wú)冠詞，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A.表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)：breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorderB.配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadTheknifeandfork___(be)onthedesk.3.Inourcountry，everyboyandeverygirl___(have)therighttoreceiveeducation.總結(jié)：“no/each/every＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4.Readingaloud____(be)importantinlearningaforeignlanguage.Tosee_____(be)tobelieve眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Whetherhecomesornot______(be)ofnomatter.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，注意：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whattheyneed_______(be)books.他們需要的是書。5.Theold_______(be)welllookedafterinChina.Thewounded_____(send)tothehospitalnearbysofar.總結(jié)：“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示”一類人”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)若指具體的某個(gè)人時(shí)則視情況用服復(fù)數(shù)。6.Southofthecity____(lie)anironworks.Physics____(seem)tobedifficulttome.總結(jié)：形復(fù)意單的名詞news，means，works（工廠）以及以－cs結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(physics,politics)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。表示總稱意義的形單意復(fù)的名詞,如people,police，cattle,youth等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。eg:Cattle____(be)onecauseoftheproblem.7.Thirtyminutes________(be)alongtime.Eg:Fourthousanddollars________(be)morethanshecanafford.Eg:There______(be)tenminutesleft.總結(jié)：主語(yǔ)表示為距離，時(shí)間，長(zhǎng)度，價(jià)值，金額，重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單形式8.ThepopulationinChina_______(be)verylargeand80%ofthepopulation_____(live)inruralareas.中國(guó)人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。Eg:Thewholeclass_____(be)listeningtotheteacherattentively.總結(jié)：audience,class,crew（全體工作人員），family,committee(委員會(huì))，team,population；group等作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。9.All____goingonverywell.一切順利。All___presentbesidestheprofessor.包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在all，none，some，any；most等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定?？偨Y(jié)：all，none，some，any；most等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。三：就近原則就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.遵循就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.AorB2.N