英美概況-美國(guó)地理課件

GeneralknowledgeofAmerica

美國(guó)概況Contents:

BasicinformationAmericangeographyNameoftheCountryThefullofficialnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica,usuallyreferredtoastheU.S.A.TheUnitedStateofAmerica,withthecapitalofWashingtonD.C.,isthebiggestcountryinNorthAmerica.

nationalflag：StarsandStripesTheStar-SpangledBanner

madeupof13alternatingredandwhitestripesand50whitestarsonabluefieldStarsareconsideredasymboloftheheavensandthedivinegoalthestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightfromthesunWhite:SignifiespurityandinnocenceRed:SignifiesvalorandbraveryBlue:SignifiesVigilance,perseverance,andjusticeStarSpangledBanner星條旗之歌Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawn'searlylight,

Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'slastgleaming?

Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfight,

O'ertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?

啊!在晨曦初現(xiàn)時(shí)，你可看見(jiàn)是甚么讓我們?nèi)绱蓑湴?

在黎明的最后一道曙光中歡呼，是誰(shuí)的旗幟在激戰(zhàn)中始終高揚(yáng)!Nationalemblem：Baldeagle

美國(guó)的國(guó)徽是由威廉·巴頓WilliamBarton和查爾斯·湯姆遜CharlesThomson設(shè)計(jì)的，美國(guó)政府于1782年6月20日開(kāi)始用這個(gè)國(guó)璽來(lái)鑒定重要文件。國(guó)徽的圖案，正中是一只象征獨(dú)立、自由精神的白頭鷹，前面盾牌狀的國(guó)旗，代表了1777年加入美國(guó)聯(lián)邦的十三個(gè)州。白頭鷹的右爪持著希望和平的橄欖枝，左爪握著決心自衛(wèi)的利箭。白頭鷹銜著一條用拉丁文寫(xiě)著“合眾國(guó)”字樣的彩帶，國(guó)徽頂端則是透過(guò)云霧，閃閃發(fā)光的十三顆金星。TheGreatSealshowsawide-spreadeagle,facedfront,havingonhisbreastashieldwiththirteenperpendicularredandwhitestripes,surmountedbyabluefieldwiththesamenumberofstars.Inhisrighttalontheeagleholdsanolivebranch,inhisleftabundleofthirteenarrows,andinhisbeakhecarriesascrollinscribedwiththemotto:"EPluribusUnum“,meaning"outofmany,one"

TheEagleappearsintheSealsofmanyofourStates,onmostofourgoldandsilvercoinage,andisusedagreatdealfordecorativepatrioticpurposes.Theeaglerepresentsfreedom.

In1986,PresidentReganissuedaproclamationtodeclarethattherosebecametheofficialfloweroftheAmerica.NationalBird—TheEagleThebaldeaglewaschosenonJune20,1782asthesymbolofAmerica,becauseofitslonglife,greatstrengthandmajesticlooks.Theeagle,fullofthespiritoffreedom,livingabovethevalleys,strongandpowerfulinhismight,hasbecomethenationalsymbolofU.S.A.GeorgeWashingtonChristopherColumbusUncleSamUncleSamafiguresymbolizingtheUnitedStatesportrayedasatall,white-hairedmanwithagoateeoftendressedinred,white,andblue,andwearsatophat“UncleSam”totheUnitedStatesis“JohnBull”toUKJohnBullUncleSam1.Locationandsize2.Topography(地形,地質(zhì))Majormountainsandriversthreegeographicaldivisions3.Climate4.Naturalresources5.Population6.Geograpicalregions7.MajorcitiesII.AmericanGeography1.TheUnitedStatesismadeupofDistrictofColumbiaand_____states.A.48B.49C.50D.512.WhatarethenamesofthetwostatesoftheUnitedStateswhicharenoncontiguous?A.AlaskaandHawaiiB.AlaskaandOhioC.OhioandKansasD.HawaiiandKansas1.LocationandSize

1.ContinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.2.The2neweststates:AlaskaandHawaiiseparatedfromcontinentalUnitedStatesAlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanada,HawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.3.theadvantagesofthelocationoftheUSTheUShasanideallocationforitsdevelopment.-ItsAtlanticcoastfacesthedevelopedcountriesofWesternEurope,anditsPacificcoastandHawaiigivethenationanapproachtotheFarEastandAustralasia-InthepasttheAtlanticandPacificOceansservedasnaturalbarriersbetweentheUSandtherestoftheworld.ThisallowedtheUStogrowandbecomestrongwithlittleoutsideinterference.-And

todaythedevelopmentofmeansofcommunicationandtransportationmakestheU.S.wellconnected

totherestoftheworld.2.topography:MountainsinU.S.A.AppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亞山脈RockyMountains落基山脈TheAppalachianMountains--runslightlyfromthenortheasttosouthwest

--old(havebeenwornoutovermillionsofyears)andlow(thehighestpeakisonlyalittleover2,000metres)--notedforvirginforestsandmines

--servedasanaturalbarrierforwestwardmovementduringtheearlysettlement.TheAppalachianMountainsthegreatmountainsystemofeasternNorthAmerica;

onesixthofthenationalterritoryonthecontinent;FromprovinceofQuebecinCanadatoNorthernAlabama.RockyMountains----greatbackboneofNorthAmerica

thegreatmountainsystemofwesternNorthAmerica;5000kmsfromNewMexicotoCanada;averagealtitude:morethan3000msabovesealevel.AppalachianMountainsVSRockyMountainsAppalachianMountainsRockyMountainsDirectionFromthenortheasttosouthwestFromthenorthwesttosoutheastAgeOlderYoungerHeightLower(2037m)Higher(4500m)2.Topography:RiversintheUSATheriversinthecountryaremainlylyingbetweentheAppalachianandRockyMountains.1.TheMississippi--3,782kilometreslong--TheMississippianditstributariesdrainoneoftherichestfarmareasintheworld

--Theyforma19,000-kilometresystemofwaterwaysandserveasimportantmeansoftransportation.--called“fatherofwaters”andthe“oldmanriver”RiversinU.S.A.MississippiRiverFatherofallWaters2.TheMissouri--over6,000kilometresandisoneofthelongestriversintheworld--runs3,725kilometresbeforeitjoinstheMississippi

3.TheOhio--about1,500kilometreslong--calledtheAmericanRuhr

(aftertheRuhrRiver魯爾河inGermany),famousforitsrichvaluabledeposits--Theareaiswellknownforitssteelindustry

4.OnthePacificsidethereare2greatrivers:theColoradointhesouth,andthe

ColumbiarisesinCanada.5.TheHudson“fatherofwaters”

ThemostimportantandlongestriverintheU.S.TheMissouriandtheOhioaretwoofitslargesttributaries.TheGreatLakesNiagaraFalls尼亞加拉瀑布ThefiveGreatLakes

LakeMichiganLakeSuperiorLakeErieLakeHuronLakeOntario--theworld’slargestGroupoffreshwaterlakes--TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUSexceptLakeMichiganTheyare:LakeSuperior蘇必利爾湖：thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.LakeMichigan密歇根湖：theonlyoneentirelyintheUSLakeHuron休倫湖LakeErie伊利湖LakeOntario安大略湖2.Topography:ThreeGeographicDivisionsGeographicDivisionsGreatPlainsEasternpartWesternpartTheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亞山脈).onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevelTheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainsTheGreatCentralPlainBetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest.halfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFallsTheGreatCentralPlainTheGreatCentralPlainisbetween______and______,occupyingabout1/2ofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinent.Keys:RockyMountainsTheAppalachianMountainsOnesecond3.ClimateThenorthernstatesarethecoldest;Thesouthernstatesaresunbelt;TemperatestatesareinthePacificNorthwest.ClimateintheUnitedStatesMaritimeclimateContinentaldesertclimateContinentalsteppe(西伯利亞草原）climateHumidcontinentalclimateSub-tropicalclimateSub-arcticclimateTropicalclimateClimateMainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical.50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerain,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.4.NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorthrichinoil—oncethelargestoilproducingcountry.oilreserve—alongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico,Texas,Louisiana,andOklahoma5.population“MeltingPot”AmongtheCaucasians,themostinfluentialpeopleareWASP:thewhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants.Aborigines:theIndians80%-90%ofimmigrantsarefromAsiaandHispanic

countries.HispanicgroupsmainlycamefromMexico,PuertoRico,andCuba.Race/Ethnicity(2008)White79.8%AfricanAmerican12.8%AsianAmerican4.5%NativeAmericanandAlaskaNative1.0%NativeHawaiianandPacificIslander0.2%Multiracial1.7%Hispanic(ofanyrace)15.4%NationofimmigrationLanguages(2007)English(only)225.5millionSpanish34.5millionChinese2.5millionFrench2.0millionTagalog(菲律賓語(yǔ))1.5millionVietnamese1.2millionGerman1.1millionKorean1.1millionLanguage

SpokenatHome(U.S.Census)6.GeographicalRegionsNewEnglandMiddleAtlanticstatesTheAmericanSouthTheMid-WestTheAmericanWestThePacificCoastNewStatesNewEngland新英格蘭

Maine

緬因州

NewHampshire

新罕布什爾州

Vermont

佛蒙特州Massachusetts

馬塞諸塞州(麻省)

Rhode

Island

羅得島

Connecticut

康涅狄格州MiddleAtlanticStates

WestVirginia

西弗吉尼亞州

NewJersey

新澤西州

NewYork

紐約州

Pennsylvania

賓夕法尼亞州

Maryland

馬里蘭州

Delaware

特拉華州

TheMid-WestStates

Wisconsin

威斯康星州

SouthDakota

南達(dá)科他州

NorthDakota

北達(dá)科他州

Ohio

俄亥俄州

Illinois

伊利諾伊州

Indiana

印第安納州

Iowa

艾奧瓦(衣阿華)州

Kansas

堪薩斯州

Missouri

密蘇里州

Minnesota

明尼蘇達(dá)州

Michigan

密歇根(密執(zhí)安)州

Nebraska內(nèi)布拉斯加州TheAmericanSouthVirginia

弗吉尼亞州

NorthCarolina

北卡羅來(lái)州

Oklahoma

俄克拉何馬州

SouthCarolina

南卡羅來(lái)州

Tennessee

田納西州

Texas

得克薩斯州

Alabama

亞拉巴馬州

Arkansas

阿肯色州

Florida

佛羅里達(dá)州

Georgia

佐治亞州

Kansas

堪薩斯州

Louisiana

路易斯安那州

Mississippi

密西西比州

TheAmericanWestWyoming

懷俄明州

NewMexico

新墨西哥州

Arizona

亞利桑那州Idaho

愛(ài)達(dá)荷州

Montana

蒙大拿州

Nevada

內(nèi)華達(dá)州

Colorado

科羅拉多州

Utah

猶他州

ThePacificCoastWashington

華盛頓州

Oregon

俄勒岡州California

加利福尼亞州

TheNewStates

Alaska

阿拉斯加州

Hawaii

夏威夷

TheTopList:exerciseThelargeststate:AlaskaThesmalleststate:RhodeIslandThemostpopulousstate:CaliforniaTheleastpopulousstate:WyomingThelargestcities:NewYork？7.Majorcities1.WashingtonD.C.2.NewYorkCity(inNewYork)3.LosAngeles(InCalifornia)4.Chicago(inIllinois)5.Houston(inTexas)6.Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)7.Detroit(inMichigan)8.SanFrancisco(inCalifornia)9.Boston(inMassachusetts)

1.IntheUnitedStates,___,whichisacityofTexas,isnicknamed“theSpaceCity”.A.NewYorkCityB.DetroitC.PhiladelphiaD.Houston

2.Harvardislocatedin____,whichisalsocalled“TheAthensofAmerica”fromtheteachingandresearchcarriedoutinover100collegesanduniversities.

A.DetroitB.HoustonC.BostonD.LosAngeles

3.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisNOTlocatedintheNortheastU.S.?A.HoustonB.BaltimoreC.PhiladelphiaD.BostonDCAWashingtonD.C.CapitalHeadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem:Congress(CapitalHill),theSupremeCourtandthePresidencyTheWorldBankTheInternationalMonetaryFundLincolnMemorialNewYorkCity(inNewYork)

“TheBigApple”ThelargestcitybothintermofsizeandpopulationThebusinessandfinancialcapitaloftheworld.WallStreetTheNewYorkStorkExchangeLosAngeles(InCalifornia)2ndmostpopulouscity

acityoffantasyknownformotion-picture,aeronauticsandaerospaceindustriesChicago(inIllinois)

Windycity;the

3rdpopulatedcityFinancial,transportation,culturalcapitalofMidwesternAmericatheforemosttransportationhubHouston(inTexas)ThelargestcityinTexas;The4thlargestcityinUSA;“theSpaceCity”attheforefrontinspacetechnology60年代初，美國(guó)最大的宇航中心——約翰遜宇航中心在休斯敦市建立Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)

5thlargestcityintermsofpopulationthebirthplaceofthenationTheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionweredraftedhere.Detroit(inMichigan)ThelargestcityinMichiganTheMotorCitySanFrancisco(inC