走向未來的成功課件

ManagingLibrariesforFutureSuccess

走向未來的成功：

如何管理好圖書館JoBellWhitlatch喬·貝兒·維特拉奇ManagingLibrariesforFutureDefinitionofManagement

管理的核心定義“GettingThingsDoneThroughOtherPeople”“通過其他人把事情給做了”。FourFunctionsofManagement管理的四大功能

●Planning規(guī)劃

●Organizing組織

●Leading領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

●Controlling監(jiān)督DefinitionofManagement

管理的核心StrategicPlanningPurpose

長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃目的Setsthedirectionoforganizationforthefuture為一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)定未來方向Developsstrategiestoachieveorganizationalvision,mission,andvalues為實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)的使命和價(jià)值制定發(fā)展策略Makesdecisionsaboutresourceallocationtoreachfuturegoals為實(shí)現(xiàn)未來目標(biāo)決定資源分配StrategicPlanningPurpose

長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)StepsinStrategicPlanning

Process長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃步驟DefineVision,MissionandValues闡述展望、使命和觀念A(yù)nalyzethecurrentsituation,includingorganizationalstrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreats(SWOT).分析現(xiàn)狀，包括機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)、弱勢(shì)、面臨的機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)Definegoalstoclosethegapbetweenthecurrentorganizationalstateandthedesiredfuture擬定目標(biāo)以縮小現(xiàn)狀和未來想達(dá)到狀況的差距Formulatestrategies(specificobjectives)relatedtoeachofthegoalstomovetowarddesiredfuture針對(duì)每一目標(biāo)制定具體的策略(實(shí)施計(jì)劃)Implementtheagreeduponstrategies實(shí)施策略Conductongoingassessmentoftheeffectivenessofimplementationprocessandinitiatechangesasnecessary對(duì)策略的實(shí)施效果進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)評(píng)估，并按實(shí)際需要調(diào)整策略Reviewandrevisestrategicplanatleastonceayear至少一年一次回顧和修改長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃StepsinStrategicPlanning

PrVision,Mission,Values

展望.使命.觀念Vision–statementofintendedfuture-thefundamentaldirectionoftheorganization展望–對(duì)未來的構(gòu)想–機(jī)構(gòu)的基本未來方向Mission–describesreasonorganizationexists,themajorpurposeoftheorganization使命–闡述機(jī)構(gòu)存在的原因和主要目的Values–keybeliefssharedbyorganizationalmembers.Needstoreflectorganizationalcultureandpriorities觀念–機(jī)構(gòu)成員共享的主要信念。需要反映機(jī)構(gòu)文化和優(yōu)先考慮的事項(xiàng)Vision,Mission,Values

展望.使命UNESCOPublicLibraryManifesto

聯(lián)合國教科文組織公共圖書館宣言Vision–“Thepubliclibrary,thelocalgatewaytoknowledge,providesabasicconditionforlifelonglearning,independentdecision-makingandculturaldevelopmentoftheindividualandsocialgroups.”展望–“公共圖書館是各地通向知識(shí)之門，為個(gè)人和社會(huì)群體終身學(xué)習(xí)、獨(dú)立決策和文化發(fā)展提供了基本條件?！盡ission–“Thepubliclibraryisthelocalcentreofinformation,makingallkindsofknowledgeandinformationreadilyavailabletousers.”使命–“公共圖書館是各地的信息中心，用戶隨時(shí)可以得到各種知識(shí)與信息。”/webworld/libraries/manifestos/libraman.html中文：/webworld/libraries/manifestos/libraman_ch.pdfUNESCOPublicLibraryManifestVisionforKingLibraryBuilding

金恩圖書館大樓的展望VisionforKingLibraryBuildiValues觀念Valuestatementsconcern觀念陳述需要體現(xiàn):?Valueofthecustomer顧客觀念?Importanceofstaffmembers員工的重要性?Howthingsgetaccomplished如果把工作做好?Importanceofefficiency效率的重要性?Typeofcommunicationthatisvalued需要重視哪種溝通方式?Roleofperformance執(zhí)行的作用Matthews,JosephR.(2005).Strategicplanningandmanagementforlibrarymanagers.Westport,CT:LibrariesUnlimited.Values觀念ValuestatementsconcValues觀念SamplePublicLibraryValues公共圖書館觀念舉例：?Excellentcustomerservice出色的讀者服務(wù)?Openandfreeaccessforall向所有民眾提供免費(fèi)開放?Intellectualfreedomandpersonalprivacy知識(shí)自由和個(gè)人隱私?Collaborationwithlocalagencies,organizationsandelectedofficials和地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)、組織和民選官員合作?Actingwithinitiative,creativity,andflexibility行動(dòng)起來能主動(dòng)、有創(chuàng)意、并且靈活。?Effectiveandefficientstewardshipoflibraryresources有力有效地運(yùn)用圖書館資源。Nelson,SandraS.(2008).Strategicplanningforresults.Chicago:AmericanLibraryAssociation,p.77.Values觀念SamplePublicLibraryValues觀念Whatothervaluesmightyouwanttoconsideraddingforthepubliclibrary?

你還應(yīng)該考慮給公共圖書館附加一些其他觀念？Values觀念WhatothervaluesmighPromoteLifeLongLearning

宣揚(yáng)終身學(xué)習(xí)PromoteLifeLongLearning

宣揚(yáng)終AccesstoandPreservationofCommunityInformation

社區(qū)信息的取訪和保存AccesstoandPreservationofLearningandtheLibrary

學(xué)習(xí)和圖書館Promotingandsupportinginformationliteracy––hasbecomeaverysignificantroleforthe21stcenturylibrary促進(jìn)和培養(yǎng)信息查找使用能力已成為21世紀(jì)圖書館的一項(xiàng)非常重要的工作Tobeinformationliterate,apersonmustbeabletorecognizewheninformationisneededandhavetheabilitytolocateevaluate,anduseeffectivelytheneededinformation具備信息查找使用能力是指一個(gè)人必須在需要信息時(shí)意識(shí)到，并有能力查找、評(píng)價(jià)和有效使用找到的信息Atthecoreofinformationliteracyiscriticalthinking.AusefulresourceinChineseis-CriticalThinkingConceptsandToolsMiniguide:其核心是批判性思維。有用的中文參考書是：批判性思維/page.cfm?CategoryID=87&endnav=1LearningandtheLibrary

學(xué)習(xí)和圖書AnalyzingtheCurrentSituation

分析現(xiàn)狀Preparebackgroundinformationbyreviewingpolitical,economic,technologicalandsocialinternalandexternalorganizationalfactorsthatimpactupontheorganization.準(zhǔn)備背景信息，查看政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)和社會(huì)等對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)造成影響的內(nèi)部和外部因素AnalyzingtheCurrentSituatioCommunityEnvironmentforKingLibrary

金恩圖書館的社區(qū)環(huán)境CommunityEnvironmentforKingAnalyzingStrengthsandWeaknesses分析優(yōu)勢(shì)和弱勢(shì)Needtoknowyourinternalandexternalorganizationalenvironmentinordertodoplanning需要了解機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部和外部環(huán)境以便作計(jì)劃Strengths–internalorganizationalconditionshelpfulinreachingtheintendedfuture內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)–機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的條件Weaknesses–internalorganizationalconditionsthatwillmakeitdifficulttoreachtheintendedfuture內(nèi)部弱勢(shì)–機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的條件Opportunities–externalconditionshelpfulinreachingtheintendedfuture外部機(jī)會(huì)–機(jī)構(gòu)外部有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的條件Threats–externalconditionsthatwillmakeitdifficulttoreachtheintendedfuture外部挑戰(zhàn)–機(jī)構(gòu)外部不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的條件AnalyzingStrengthsandWeakneOrganizationalEnvironment

組織環(huán)境ComposedofInternalandExternalInfluences由內(nèi)部和外部因素組成Political

政治因素governmentregulation,laws,governmentphilosophyandvalues,organizationalcultureandmanagerialleadershipstyle政府規(guī)定、法律、政府的理念和觀念、組織文化和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理作風(fēng)。Economic

經(jīng)濟(jì)因素libraryrevenue,neworganizationsinsamedomain(e.g.Google),globalizationofthemarketplace,salaryratesforemployees,costsoflibrarybooks,journals,electronicdatabases圖書館的收入、同一范圍內(nèi)的新組織（比如谷歌)市場的國際化、員工的工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、書籍、期刊和數(shù)據(jù)庫的費(fèi)用。Social

社會(huì)因素demographicchangesincommunity,customerexpectations,healthandeducationalsystems,socialnetworking,staffskillsandknowledge社區(qū)的人口變化、讀者的期望值、健康和教育體系、社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、員工的技能與知識(shí)。Technological

技術(shù)因素digitalsystems,Web2.0,ebooks,networks,mobilephones,othertechnologyinformationsystems數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)、Web2.0、電子書籍、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、行動(dòng)電話以及其他的信息技術(shù)系統(tǒng)。OrganizationalEnvironment

組織環(huán)LibraryasanOrganizationalSystem圖書館作為一個(gè)組織系統(tǒng)Library圖書館Feedback回饋Inputs輸入Outputs輸出Political政治Economic經(jīng)濟(jì)Technology技術(shù)Social社會(huì)LibraryasanOrganizationalSAnalyzingtheCurrentSituation

分析現(xiàn)狀Canyouprovidesomeexamplesforeachofthesecategories?你能對(duì)如下類別舉一些例子嗎?Political政治因素Economic經(jīng)濟(jì)因素Social社會(huì)因素Technological技術(shù)因素AnalyzingtheCurrentSituatioSampleSWOTChart–Social

“內(nèi)內(nèi)外外”樣表–社會(huì)方面Strengths內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)?Outreachprogramsforspecificgroups,suchas:針對(duì)特定人群的推廣項(xiàng)目，比如: Non-English-speakingadultsandtheirfamiliestoimprovetheirbasicliteracyskills講外語的成人和他們的家庭，以提高他們的基本閱讀能力。Weaknesses內(nèi)部弱勢(shì)?Librarynotsuccessfulinattractingteens圖書館在吸引青少年方面不夠成功Opportunities外部機(jī)會(huì)?Provideandpromotegroupmeetingspacesforsocialclubsandcommunityorganizations–“thelibraryasaplace”宣傳社會(huì)團(tuán)體和社區(qū)組織，并為之提供活動(dòng)/會(huì)議場所：“圖書館作為一個(gè)場所.”Threats外部挑戰(zhàn)?YoungerpeoplereadlessprintedmaterialandspendmoretimeontheWeb年輕人少看印刷品，而把世界多放在上網(wǎng)。SampleSWOTChart–Social

“內(nèi)內(nèi)LibraryCommunitySpaces

圖書館是個(gè)社區(qū)空間LibraryCommunitySpaces

圖書館是個(gè)SampleSWOTChart–Economic

“內(nèi)內(nèi)外外”樣表–經(jīng)濟(jì)方面

Strengths內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)?Diverseoperatingandcapitalfundingsources運(yùn)作和資金來源的多樣化Weaknesses內(nèi)部弱勢(shì)?Declineofrevenuefrommanyfundingsourcesovertime長期以來，從很多資金來源的收入降低。Opportunities外部機(jī)會(huì)?Strongcommunitysupportfordevelopingadditionalcommunitypartnerships,leadingtorevenueenhancements社區(qū)對(duì)發(fā)展其他社區(qū)合作方面以強(qiáng)有力的支持，這樣也帶動(dòng)了資金的增長。Threats外部挑戰(zhàn)?Californiabudgetsupportdecliningduetolossoftaxrevenueandhighunemployment由于稅收的損失和高失業(yè)率，加州政府的財(cái)政支持減弱。SampleSWOTChart–Economic

Exercise–SWOTforyourLibrary

練習(xí)–你的圖書館的“內(nèi)內(nèi)外外”Foryourlibrary,pleaselistoneineachcategoryforTechnology:請(qǐng)列出你的圖書館在技術(shù)方面的：Strength內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)_______________________________________Weakness內(nèi)部弱勢(shì)_____________________________________Opportunity外部機(jī)會(huì)____________________________________Threat外部挑戰(zhàn)_________________________________________Generally,StrengthsandWeaknessesarefactorsINTERNALtotheorganizationandOpportunitiesandThreatsarefactorsEXTERNALtotheorganization一般來說，就組織而言，優(yōu)勢(shì)和弱勢(shì)往往是內(nèi)在因素，而機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)是外在的。Exercise–SWOTforyourLibraExercise–SWOTforyourLibrary

練習(xí)–你的圖書館的“內(nèi)內(nèi)外外”Foryourlibrary,pleaselistoneineachcategoryforPolitical:請(qǐng)列出你的圖書館在政治方面的：Strength內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)_______________________________________Weakness內(nèi)部弱勢(shì)_____________________________________Opportunity外部機(jī)會(huì)____________________________________Threat外部挑戰(zhàn)_________________________________________Generally,StrengthsandWeaknessesarefactorsINTERNALtotheorganizationandOpportunitiesandThreatsarefactorsEXTERNALtotheorganization一般來說，就組織而言，優(yōu)勢(shì)和弱勢(shì)往往是內(nèi)在因素，而機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)是外在的。Exercise–SWOTforyourLibraConsultMostImportantCommunityGroupsinAnalyzingEnvironment

向社區(qū)主要人群征求意見，對(duì)環(huán)境加以分析CulturalOrganizationsSeniorsStudentsEductorsBusinessLocalResidentsLibrary當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆碳覉D書館老師學(xué)生老年人文化組織ConsultMostImportantCommuni

CollectInformationfromCommunity

從社區(qū)收集信息

Listentocustomersbyusing用一下方法聽取讀者意見:?Surveystomeasurecustomerexpectationsandneeds用民意調(diào)查來了解讀者的期望值和需要?Focusgroupinterviewswithkeyusers對(duì)圖書館主要用戶進(jìn)行面對(duì)面的針對(duì)性訪談。?Datafromautomatedsystemsconcerninglibraryuse用自動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)采集圖書館使用數(shù)據(jù)。

CollectInformationfromCommDefiningGoals擬定目標(biāo)Goals–relativelyfewinnumber;generalstatementsrelatedtothepurposeoftheorganization.Serveasstatementsofintendedfuturefororganization.目標(biāo)–相對(duì)數(shù)量較少;是對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)目的和未來發(fā)展的一般陳述。Processofanalysisofstrengths,weaknesses,opportunities,andthreatsshouldinvolvediscussionswiththeschoolleadershipandteachersincaseofaschoolandcommunityleadersincaseofacommunitylibrary.分析內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢(shì)弱勢(shì)和外部機(jī)會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)應(yīng)和學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和老師討論(或如果是社區(qū)圖書館，則與社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)討論)Thelibrary’sprimarycommunityperspectivesarekeyinsettinganddetermininggoals圖書館的主要服務(wù)對(duì)象是擬定目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵DefiningGoals擬定目標(biāo)Goals–relaSampleGoals目標(biāo)舉例Developingandsustaininginchildrenthehabitandenjoymentofreadingandlearning,andtheuseoflibrariesthroughouttheirlives;發(fā)展和持續(xù)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)和使用圖書館的習(xí)慣Promotingreadingandtheresourcesandservicesofthelibrarytothewholecommunityandbeyond在整個(gè)社區(qū)以至其外推廣閱讀以及圖書館的資源和服務(wù)Securingsufficientfundingtoprovidequalityservicesandprograms為提供高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)和項(xiàng)目而尋求資金保障Developingpartnershipswithlocalorganizations發(fā)展與地方組織的合作關(guān)系Usingtechnologytoimprovelibraryservices利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)來改善圖書館服務(wù)SampleGoals目標(biāo)舉例DevelopinganUsingTechnologytoImproveLibraryServices

利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)來改善圖書館服務(wù)

UsingTechnologytoImproveLiDevelopingObjectivesforEachGoal為每項(xiàng)目標(biāo)制定實(shí)施計(jì)劃Objectivesarespecificactionplansformeetingeachgoal.Shouldbestrategiestoclosethegapbetweenpresentstatusanddesiredfuturefororganization實(shí)施計(jì)劃是為達(dá)到目標(biāo)的詳細(xì)的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。實(shí)施策略應(yīng)縮短機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀和未來期望的差距ObjectivesshouldbeSMART實(shí)施計(jì)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)是SMART：

-Specific詳細(xì)的

-Measurable可估量的

-Achievable可完成的

-Realistic實(shí)際的

-Timely 即時(shí)的DevelopingObjectivesforEachSampleObjectiveforaGoal

為達(dá)到一個(gè)假設(shè)目標(biāo)而制定的實(shí)施計(jì)劃

Goal:Promotingreadingandtheresourcesandservicesofthelibrarytothewholecommunityandbeyond.目標(biāo)：在整個(gè)社區(qū)以至其外推廣閱讀以及圖書館的資源和服務(wù)Objective1:Developandpresentfourauthorprogramsthatpromoteinterestinreadinginthecommunityduringthe20010/2011year.實(shí)施計(jì)劃1:在2010/2011年度，組織進(jìn)行4次作家講座來提高社區(qū)對(duì)閱讀的興趣。Specific=fourauthorprograms詳細(xì)的=4次作家講座Measurable=feedbacksurveyformtoevaluatevalueofprogramsbyallparticipants可測量的=收集反饋表以評(píng)估講座效果Achievable=calculateresourcesandbudgetrequired可完成的=計(jì)算所需資源和成本Realistic=determinewhetherresourcesareavailabletopresentfourprograms實(shí)際的=決定資源是否可獲取Timely=during2010/2011year即時(shí)的=2010/2011年度Couldyouimproveuponthisobjective?你能改善此實(shí)施計(jì)劃嗎?SampleObjectiveforaGoal

為達(dá)AuthorPrograminLibrary

圖書館里的作家講座AuthorPrograminLibrary

圖書館里Exercise–GoalsandObjectivesforyourLibrary練習(xí)–目標(biāo)和實(shí)施計(jì)劃Pleaseprovideonegoalfortheyourlibrarythatclearlysupportsthemissionofyourschoolorcommunity.請(qǐng)想出一個(gè)你所在圖書館的目標(biāo)，此目標(biāo)需支持學(xué)校和社區(qū)的使命Forthisgoal,pleasedraftanobjectivethatisSMART–specific,measurable,achievable,realistic,andtimely.就此目標(biāo)寫出一個(gè)實(shí)施計(jì)劃。此計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是詳細(xì)的、可測量的、可完成的、實(shí)際的、即時(shí)的Howwillyouassessthedegreetowhichtheobjectiveisaccomplished?你將如何評(píng)估此計(jì)劃?Exercise–GoalsandObjectiveImplementationofStrategicPlan

實(shí)施計(jì)劃Foreachobjective,listspecifictasks,personresponsible,resourcesthatwillberequired,andhowlevelofsuccessinmeetingtheobjectivewillbemeasured每項(xiàng)計(jì)劃列出詳細(xì)的任務(wù)、負(fù)責(zé)人、所需資源及如何評(píng)估Foreachobjective,developchartwithfollowingcolumns對(duì)每項(xiàng)計(jì)劃作一張含下列項(xiàng)目的表：SpecificTasks詳細(xì)任務(wù)Responsibleperson負(fù)責(zé)人Resourcerequirements所需資源Timeline時(shí)間期限Measurementplan評(píng)估方法ImplementationofStrategicPlSampleChartforObjective:FourAuthorPrograms假設(shè)實(shí)施計(jì)劃行動(dòng)表：4次作家講座SpecificTasks詳細(xì)任務(wù)Responsibleperson負(fù)責(zé)人ResourceRequirements所需資源Timeline時(shí)間期限MeasurementPlan評(píng)估方法Meetwithappropriategroups同相應(yīng)的讀者群見面HeadofOutreach推廣部的主任Staff$Facility員工工資場地5/2010Groupsagreeonprioritylist相應(yīng)的讀者群同意的名單,按輕重緩急排列。2.Contactauthors聯(lián)系作家HeadofLibrary館長Staff$員工工資6/2010Authors×arranged作家和時(shí)間安排。SampleChartforObjective:FoCompletingtheObjectivesChart

完成實(shí)施計(jì)劃行動(dòng)表Otherspecifictasksinclude其他的具體任務(wù)包括:3.Identifyandreserveplace明確和預(yù)訂場地4.Identifytechnologyneedsandsecureservices明確技術(shù)設(shè)備的需要并確保服務(wù)的提供5.Marketingplanforeachauthorprogram對(duì)每個(gè)作家講座的宣傳計(jì)劃6.Hostingeachauthorandprogramevent主辦每個(gè)作家講座活動(dòng)?Foreachoftheseareasaresponsibleperson,amountofresources(staff,collections,facility,technology),timeline,andmeasurementplanmustbelisted.仔細(xì)列明每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的負(fù)責(zé)人，所需資源（人員、圖書館收藏、場地、技術(shù)）時(shí)間表、和評(píng)估方法CompletingtheObjectivesCharSampleProgramSurveyforParticipants

活動(dòng)參加者問卷調(diào)查舉例EVALUATIONOFAUTHORPROGRAM作家講座評(píng)估Howdidyouhearabouttheprogram?你從哪里知道此講座信息的?Whatcausedyoutoparticipateintheprogram?你參加講座的原因?Pleasetelluswhatyouenjoyedmostabouttheprogram:你對(duì)講座最感興趣的部分是什么？Whatdidyoulearnthatwasnewabouttheauthor?你學(xué)到什么新的東西？Ifyouhadbeenplanningtheprogram,whatchangeswouldyoumake?如果由您來計(jì)劃這個(gè)活動(dòng)，你將作什么樣的修改？Pleaseratetheoverallvalueoftheprograminpromotinginterestinreadinginthecommunity:請(qǐng)給此提倡社區(qū)閱讀的活動(dòng)打分：____veryvaluable____somewhatvaluable____notatallvaluable____非常有價(jià)值____有價(jià)值____沒有價(jià)值Whatsuggestionsdoyouhaveforfutureprograms?你對(duì)未來的活動(dòng)有何建議？NOTES:Tobeadministeredimmediatelyaftertheconclusionoftheprogram.注：講座結(jié)束時(shí)立即實(shí)施SampleProgramSurveyforPartSevenStepModelforDevelopingandEvaluatingObjectives

發(fā)展和評(píng)估實(shí)施計(jì)劃的七步驟模式Identifytheproblemthatneedsattention確定需解決的問題Definethevariouswaystosolvetheproblem羅列解決此問題的各種方法Selecttheprocessthatappearstohavethegreatestchanceofworking選擇一種最易成功的方法Setoutthecriteriaagainstwhichtomeasurethesuccessofthespecificproblemsolvingefforts擬定評(píng)估此方法成功與否的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Carryouttheeffort實(shí)施方法Evaluatewhatoccurs評(píng)估實(shí)施結(jié)果Reflectuponwhethertheresultshavesolvedtheproblemtoasatisfactorydegree反省結(jié)果是否解決了問題Source:WatsonBoone,Rebecca.(2000).SevenStepsCommontoPractitionerResearch.Academiclibrariansaspractitioner-researchers.JournalofAcademicLibrarianship,26(2),p.90SevenStepModelforDevelopin1.Identifytheproblemthatneedsattention2.Definethevariouswaystosolvetheproblem3.Selecttheprocessthatappearstohavethegreatestchanceofworking4.Setoutthecriteriaagainstwhichtomeasurethesuccessofthespecificproblemsolvingefforts5.Carryouttheeffort7.Reflectuponwhethertheresultshavesolvedtheproblemtoasatisfactorydegree6.Evaluatewhatoccurs7.反省結(jié)果是否解決了問題6.評(píng)估實(shí)施結(jié)果1.確定需解決的問題2.羅列解決此問題的各種方法3.選擇一種最易成功的方法4.擬定評(píng)估此方法成功與否的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5.實(shí)施方法1.IdentifytheproblemthatnQuestion?提問？Whatistheprimaryreasonthatmoststrategicplanningeffortsfail?大多數(shù)長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃失敗的主要原因是什么?Question?提問？FiveEssentialQuestionsforManagers

管理者的五個(gè)基本問題ManagementexpertPeterDruckersuggestedthatmanagersineverynonprofitshouldaskthemselvesfiveessentialquestions:管理學(xué)專家PeterDrucker建議非盈利組織的管理者應(yīng)該問自己五個(gè)問題:Whatisourmission?組織的使命?Whoisourcustomer?服務(wù)對(duì)象是誰?Whatdoesthiscustomervalue?服務(wù)對(duì)象覺得什么重要?Whatareourresults?我們的工作效果如何?Whatisourplan?我們的計(jì)劃是什么?Theseessentialquestionsthatlibrariansshouldaskconcerningtheirlibrariesillustratetheimportanceofplanningforthefuturethroughuseofthestrategicplanningprocess.圖書館員應(yīng)該對(duì)自己的圖書館問這些的根本問題，因?yàn)樗鼈冎赋隽诉\(yùn)用策略規(guī)劃對(duì)今后規(guī)劃的重要性。FiveEssentialQuestionsforMFutureTrendsinOrganizations–Organizing

未來組織趨勢(shì)–組織方面PresentOrganizations目前的組織?Largelymultilevelwithseveralverticallayers基本上是多層次的，有數(shù)個(gè)垂直層次?Bureaucratic,largelytop-down,

官僚機(jī)構(gòu)，基本上是從上到下?Manywelldefinedrulesandprocedures很多明確的細(xì)則和程序?Complexinterdependencies,narrowlydefinedjobsfocusedononefunctionalarea復(fù)雜的相互依賴，工作范圍被集中在一個(gè)具體的功能FutureOrganizations未來的組織?Primarilyhorizontalwithfewverticallevels主要是平面的，有很少幾個(gè)垂直的層次?Teams,primarilybottom-up團(tuán)隊(duì)，主要是由下而上?Lessrigidrulesandprocedures較少刻板的規(guī)定和程序?Minimalinterdependencies,broaderjobsreachingacrossfunctions最低程度的相互依賴，工作范圍可以跨功能FutureTrendsinOrganizationsOrganizationwithVerticalOrientation

垂直方向的組織LibraryDirectorPublicServicesBudget/PersonnelTechnicalServicesReferenceCollectionsInformationSystemsCatalogingSerialsCirculationMonographsAcquisitionsLibraryOutreach館長公共服務(wù)技術(shù)服務(wù)預(yù)算/人事參考咨詢信息系統(tǒng)編目館藏采購期刊流通書籍圖書館推廣OrganizationwithVerticalOriOrganizationwithHorizontalOrientation

橫向的組織LibraryDirectorBudgetCatalogingCollectionsCirculationPersonnelReferenceLibraryOutreachInformationSystems預(yù)算圖書館長人事編目參考咨詢館藏圖書館推廣流通信息系統(tǒng)OrganizationwithHorizontalOFutureTrendsinOrganizations–Leading

未來組織的趨勢(shì)–引領(lǐng)

PresentSeniorManagers目前的高層管理人?Assignanddelegatetasks分配指派任務(wù)?Shortrangefocus短期關(guān)注?Reviewallpolicyandmanyproceduralrecommendations審閱所有的政策以及關(guān)于過程的建議?Efficiencyoriented,internaloperationalfocus著重效率和內(nèi)部流程FutureSeniorManagers未來的高層管理人?Focusonmotivating&engagingstaff著重于鼓勵(lì)員工參與?Longrangefocus長期關(guān)注?Delegatemanypolicyandallproceduraldecisionstoteam把很多政策以及關(guān)于過程的決定指派給團(tuán)隊(duì)?Effectivenessoriented,externalcustomerfocus著重效果和外部的顧客（讀者）FutureTrendsinOrganizationsTeams團(tuán)隊(duì)Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)?Increaseproductivity提高效率?Leadtobetterdecisions能做出較好的決定?Enhancestaffworkcommitment,engagementandmotivation提高員工的投入，參與和動(dòng)力?Promotecreativityandinnovation鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造和創(chuàng)新精神?Improvecustomerservice改善顧客服務(wù)?Responsivetochangingenvironment對(duì)多變的環(huán)境加以應(yīng)變Disadvantages劣勢(shì)?Longerprocesstoreachgoals達(dá)到目標(biāo)要花更多的時(shí)間?Socialloafing–someletothersdotheirwork磨洋工–有些人把自己的事讓其他人做?Failuretoconsideralternativesolutionsbecauseofpressuretoconform因?yàn)殡S大流的壓力而不能考慮其他的解決辦法?Riskydecisionsbecausenooneisaccountable會(huì)做出冒險(xiǎn)的決定，因?yàn)榉凑龥]有人會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)Teams團(tuán)隊(duì)Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)DisadvantIsaTeamBestintheseSituations?

在這些情形下,團(tuán)隊(duì)是不是最好的辦法？IsaTeamBestintheseSituatChangingNatureofJobs

改變工作性質(zhì)ChangingNatureofJobs

改變工作性質(zhì)ManagingTeams管理團(tuán)隊(duì)Selectstaffwithappropriatepersonalandtechnicalcompetencies挑選有合適個(gè)人和技術(shù)能力的人員Establishclearteamgoals建立清晰的團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)Developgroundrulesanddeadlines明確基本的規(guī)則和截止期限Monitorprogresstowardgoals跟蹤目標(biāo)進(jìn)展Providetrainingtoallstaffonteamskills向所有員工提供團(tuán)隊(duì)技巧培訓(xùn)Provideadequateresources–information,equipment,staffing,encouragement,assistance提供足夠的資源：信息、設(shè)備、人員、鼓勵(lì)和幫助Establishrewardsystems,whichmaketeammembersbothindividuallyandjointlyaccountable建立獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制，使團(tuán)隊(duì)作為個(gè)人和集體都能各盡其職ManagingTeams管理團(tuán)隊(duì)SelectstafIsThisaTeam?這是個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)嗎？IsThisaTeam?這是個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)嗎？KeyTeamInterpersonalSkills

團(tuán)隊(duì)所需的主要人際技巧Developingtrust培養(yǎng)信任Communication溝通Coachingandfacilitating輔導(dǎo)和幫助Respectingandvaluingdifferences尊重和重視不同意見Problem-solving解決問題Listening傾聽Feedback回饋信息Conflictresolution解決沖突KeyTeamInterpersonalSkills

Respecting&ValuingDifferences

尊重和重視不同意見MyersBriggsassessmentofindividualpreferencesusedforteambuilding

邁爾斯在用于團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)上使用的個(gè)人喜好評(píng)估Assumptionsarethatallpreferencesarevaluable,equal,andnecessary假設(shè)是所有的喜好是有價(jià)值、同等和必需的Usedtounderstandbehaviorofyourselfandothers用于理解你和其他人的行為Myers-Briggs:/中文:.sg/Respecting&ValuingDifferencEnergyPreferences精力的偏好Extraversion外向Oralcommunication口頭交流Workingingroups

和集體工作Actandrespondquickly反應(yīng)和回答很快Energyfrominteractingwithotherpeople從和他人互動(dòng)上得到精力Intraversion內(nèi)向Writtencommunication書面交流Workingaloneorwithoneortwootherpeople單獨(dú)或和一兩個(gè)人一起工作Reflectandthinkdeeply深思熟慮Energyfrominnerworld從內(nèi)心世界得到精力EnergyPreferences精力的偏好ExtravInformationGatheringPreferences

信息收集上的偏好Sensing感覺Specificexamples具體例子Seekpredictability尋求可預(yù)知性Specificsolutions具體解決辦法Intuition直覺Generalconcepts

基本概念Desirechange

希望改變Furtherexploration進(jìn)一步探索InformationGatheringPreferenDecision-MakingPreferences

決策上的偏好Thinking理性Reason

理論Truthandobjectivity真理和客觀性Detachment

分離Task-oriented

任務(wù)導(dǎo)向Feeling情感Support支持Interpersonalharmony

和諧的人際關(guān)系Personalinvolvement個(gè)人參與People-oriented

人際導(dǎo)向Decision-MakingPreferences

決策LifestylePreferences

生活方式的偏好Judging判斷SettledandOrdered固定有序Closure關(guān)閉Actonadecision按照決定行動(dòng)Perceiving理解Flexibleandopen靈活開放Options

多重選擇Adapttonewinformation根據(jù)新的信息而變化LifestylePreferences

生活方式的偏好JSelf-MasteryofSkillsandKnowledge自己掌握技能和知識(shí)Everylibrarianaleader每個(gè)圖書館員都是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Self-MasteryofSkillsandKnoProblemSolvingStepsfromCriticalThinkingConceptsandToolsMiniguide批判性思維書中的解決問題步驟Firstidentify,thenre-statefromtimetotimeyourgoals,objectives,andneeds.Alsoidentifypossibleproblemsandobstaclesyoumayencounterinordertoreachthesegoals,objectivesandsatisfytheseneeds先找出來，再不時(shí)重新清楚說明你的目標(biāo)、目的及需求。認(rèn)清為達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)、目的或滿足你的需求時(shí)，可能遇到問題與障礙。Aslongasthereisanyopportunity,youshouldinspectthesepossibleproblemsonebyone,statethemclearly只要有機(jī)會(huì)，即一一檢視這些問題，清楚明確的說出它們來。ProblemSolvingStepsfromCriProblemSolvingSteps-2

解決問題步驟之二Researchthisproblem,inordertoidentifywhichcategoriesofproblemyouarefacing(Seethetableintheabovepage),thinkaboutwhatyoushoulddotosolvetheproblem.Differentiatewhatyoucancontrol,andwhatyoucan’t.Putasidewhatyoucan’tcontrol,andfocusonwhatyoucansolve研究一下這個(gè)問題，為了確定你面對(duì)的是那一類的問題，想想你該做什么才能解決它。分開那些你可以掌握的和那些你不能掌握的問題，把那些你無法掌握的放在一邊，集中精力在那些你可以解決的問題上。Thinkaboutwhatinformationyouneed,and,lookfortheinformationactively想想看你需要什么信息，并且積極的去尋找這些信息。Analyzetheinformationyou’vecollectedcarefully.Inferthepossibleconclusions將你收集的資信息小心的分析解讀，推敲出可能達(dá)成的合理結(jié)果。ProblemSolvingSteps-2

解決問題步ProblemSolvingSteps–3

解決問題步驟之三Thinkaboutwhatchoicesyoumayhavewheninaction.Whatcanyoudoinshortterm?Inlongterm?Especiallyyouneedtorealizeyourlimitation:regardingfinancialresources,time,andcapability.想想你在行動(dòng)時(shí)可能有哪些選擇，短期中可以做些什么？長期呢？特別要認(rèn)清你的限度：有關(guān)財(cái)力、時(shí)間與能力。Evaluateyourchoices,includingtheprosandconsinrealsituations評(píng)估你的選擇，包含它們?cè)诰唧w情況中的好處與壞處。ProblemSolvingSteps–3

解決問題ProblemSolvingSteps–4

解決問題步驟之四Adoptastrategyfacingproblems,followthestrategyextensively.Thismayincludedirectactions,orcarefulsandtableexercise,orevenstrategyof“waitandsee”采取一個(gè)針對(duì)問題的策略，貫徹地去做，這可能涉及直接的行動(dòng)，或謹(jǐn)慎的沙盤推演，或等著看的策略。Whenyouact,monitorthesituationstriggeredbytheactions.Ifinneed,preparetoadjustyourstrategyanytime.Whenmoreinformationregardingtheproblemsshowup,preparetoadjuststrategy,oradjustanalysis,orproblemstatements,evenallofthesethree當(dāng)你行動(dòng)時(shí)，留意一些因行動(dòng)引起的意外情況，如果有需要，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備修正你的策略，當(dāng)有更多問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，準(zhǔn)備好調(diào)整策略、分析或問題陳述，甚至三者都做調(diào)整。

/page.cfm?CategoryID=87&endnav=1ProblemSolvingSteps–4

解決問題FutureTrendsinOrganizations–Controlling未來組織的趨勢(shì)–監(jiān)督Present現(xiàn)在

Fewtrainingandevaluationsystemsforselectedstaff對(duì)部分員工使用幾個(gè)培訓(xùn)和評(píng)估系統(tǒng)Fewperformanceinformationsystems幾個(gè)表現(xiàn)信息系統(tǒng)Performancedatadistributedtoseniormanagersonly表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)只在高層管理人內(nèi)傳閱Budgetcategories-personnel,collections,technology,andotheroperatingexpense預(yù)算類別：人事、館藏、技術(shù)、和其他運(yùn)作開支Future未來

Manytrainingandevaluationsystemsforallstaff對(duì)所有員工使用很多培訓(xùn)和評(píng)估系統(tǒng)Manyperformanceinformationsystems很多表現(xiàn)信息系統(tǒng)Performancedatawidelydistributed表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)廣泛傳閱Budgetcategoriesrelatedtoprogramsforgroups:children,teens,adults...預(yù)算類別和針對(duì)各個(gè)人群有關(guān)的活動(dòng)相結(jié)合：兒童、青少年、成人。。。FutureTrendsinOrganizationsSanJosePublicLibraryBudget-at-a-Glance圣荷塞公共圖書館預(yù)算概要2009-2010October2009二００九年十月SanJosePublicLibraryCombinedLibraryBudget*圖書館總預(yù)算*Operating-$34,514,664(85.5%)營運(yùn)

365FTE365個(gè)全職人力工時(shí)365位全職人力工時(shí)Utilitiesandcustodial水電煤和清潔工Supplies,training,programming日常用品,培訓(xùn),活動(dòng)Capital-$5,850,000(14.5%)

資產(chǎn)

250,000+itemspurchasedeachyear每年購買超過25萬件Newtechnology新技術(shù)New/replacementcomputers&equipment新／更新計(jì)算機(jī)和設(shè)備Branchmaintenanceandimprovements分館的維護(hù)和更新*DoesnotincludeLibraryBondorReserves不包括圖書館債券和儲(chǔ)備資金

CombinedLibraryBudget*OperatLibraryFunding圖書館資金來源2009-2010年圖書館資金來源(包括資金額和儲(chǔ)備)LibraryFunding圖書館資金來源2009-20OperatingandCapitalFundingSource營運(yùn)和資產(chǎn)資金的來源

GeneralFund–CityofSanJoseprimaryfundusedforPersonalandNon-personalservices.BalancesreturnedtoGF.

平常資金－圣荷塞市的基本資金2009-10=$30,294,729LibraryParcelTax–specialvoter-approvedlibraryfundingusedforPersonalandNon-personalservices,materials,andautomation.BalancesrebudgetedorfalltoEndingFund

圖書館專用稅Balance.2009-10=$11,177,624Construction/ConveyanceTaxFund

基建稅–Capitalfundusedformaterials,automation,facilitiesimprovements,andFF&E.BalancesrebudgetedorfalltoEndingFundBalance.Libraryreceives14.22%ofreceiptsfrompropertytransfertax.2009-10=$12,786,236

OperatingandCapitalFundingOperatingandCapitalFundingSources營運(yùn)和資產(chǎn)資金來源LibraryBond

圖書館債券–fundingforpropertyacquisition,expansionandconstructionofbranchlibraries.BalancesrebudgetedorfalltoEndingFundBalance.2009-2010=$40,921,848GiftTrustFund捐獻(xiàn)基金–gifts,donations,bequestsusedformaterialsandprogramming.Balancescarriedtonextyear.2009-10=$341