十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞

【文檔尺寸：A4字體：仿宋標(biāo)題字號(hào)：20正文字號(hào)：12】十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞篇1MingTombsTheMingTombsarelocatedinChangpingDistrict,about50kilometers(31miles)tothenorthwestofBeijing.Thisimperialcemeterycoversanareaof40squarekilometerswith13Mingemperors,23empresses,manyimperialconcubines,princesandprincessesburiedthere.ThesetombsarethebestpreservedofallChineseimperialtombs.TheMingDynastystartedfrom1368to1644,lasting276years.Altogether16emperorsruledintheMingDynasty.Butoutofthe16emperors,13emperorswereburiedinBeijingMingTombsarea.ThefirstMingEmperorZhuYuanzhanghadhistombbuiltinNanjingandhewasburiedinXiaolingofNanjing.ZhuYuanzhang,thefounderoftheMingDynasty,wasbornin1328anddiedin1398.HebuledChinafor31years,hecamefromapoorpeasantfamiluy.In1345bothhisparensandhisbrotherdiedofseriousnaturalcalamitywithinhalfayearwhenhewas17yearsold.Inordertomakehislivelihood,hewenttoatemple,therehetooktonsureandbecameaBuddhistmonk.HewentoutthreeyearsforbeggingalmsinHenan,Anhuiandsouthofthecountry.In1348,hecamebacktothetempleandwasdeterminedtostudydiligently.In1351,theRedTurbanPeasantArmyappearedinChina,laterin1352,hejoinedtheRedTurbanPeasantArmy,fightingagainsttheYuancourt.Finallyhebecamethechiefleaderinthearmy.In1368ZhuYuanzhangestablishedtheMingDynastywithitscapitalinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.In1398,afterhis31yearsontheActuallywearestandingontheaxlelineoftheMingTombs,otherwiseknownastheSacredWayortheTombpath.WepassedtheMemorialArch,theBigPalaceGate,theTabletHouse,SacredWay,stoneanimalsandstatues,andLingXingGate.Thisseven-kilometerlongsacredpathwayleadsfromsouthtonorth,allthewaytotheGateofChangling.Now,wearemovingtoChangLing.ChanglingisthefirsttombbuiltintheMingTombsarea,covering10hectaresandcontainingEmperorZhuDiandhisempressXu.ZhuDi(Chengzu)oftheMingDynastywasthefourthsonofthefirstEmperorZhuYuanzhang,bornin1360.ZhuDiwasconferredthetitleoftheprinceofYaninthe3rdyearofHongwu(1370).HewasappointedatBeiping.AfterthedeathofZhuYuanzhang(thefirstMingEmperor),ZhuDiusedthepretextofeliminatingevilofficialsatthesideofEmperorJianwentoleadanarmyexpeditiondownsouthtoNanjing.Heseizedthethroneinthe4thyearofJianwen(1402)andascendedthethroneinJuneinsidetheHallofAncestralWorshipinNanjing.ZhuDiwasanemperorofoutstandingaccomplishmentintheMingDynasty.AssoonashebecametheprinceofYan,heledthegeneralsouttobattle.Hehadgreatachievementsincalmingdownthenorth.Afterhetookoverhisnephew'spowerandbecametheemperor,hestillwentouttobattlethroughoutthecountryandconsolidatedtheruleoftheMingDynasty.HemadetheimportantdecisiontomovethecapitaltoBeijing.DuringtheruleofZhuDi,magnificentdevelopmentsweremadeintheeconomy,cultureandindiplomacy.Intermsofculture,ZhuDisuccessivelysentGrandAcademicianXieJin,YanGuangxiaoandotherstocompiletheYongleencyclopedia.ThebookhasbecomethelargestbookevercompliedinChinesehistory.Forexpandingexternalexchangesandtrade,ZhuDiselectedeunuchZhengHetoleadalargefleetfilledwithpreciousgold,silver,silkandsatinstosailtosoutheastAsiaandAfricaseventimesintheearlyyearsofYongle.EmpressXuwasburiedtogetherwithEmperorZhuDiinChangling.EmpressXushiwastheeldestdaughterofXuDawhowasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheMingDynasty.Throughoutherlifespan,XuShicomplied20articlesofinternallecturesandabookadvisingtobegood,soastocultivatepeople'sminds.ShewastheveryfirstonetobeburiedinChanglingandintheMingTombarea.TheHallofEminentFavorinChanglingisthebestpreservedamongthethirteentombs.ItisavaluablerelicofancientChina'swoodenstructures.Itisnineroomswideandfiveroomslong,ahallsizerarelyseeninChina.Theroofismadeoftop-classdoubleeavesandtherearemultipleroomscoveredwithyellowglazedtiles.Thehallissupportedby60thickNanmupillars,themiddlefourinthehallarethethickest,thediameterofeachonecanreachoveronemeter.ItisknownasthebestNanmu(phoebe)hallinthecountry.NowwearegoingtoDinging.DinglingislocatedattheeastfootofDayuMountain.Buriedherearethe13thMingEmperorWanli(ZhuYijun)andhistwoempressesXiaoduanandXiaojing.ZhuYijunwasthelongestonthethroneoftheMingEmperors.(Hewasemperorfor48years).HewasthegreediestandlaziestemperorintheMingDynasty.ZhuYijunascendedthethroneattheageof9.Afterhecametopower,hewassupportedbythechiefministerZhangJuzheng.Atthistime,variousaspectsofsocietygaineddevelopment.Later,ZhangJuzhengdiedofillness.NotlongafterWanlimanagedstateaffairsonhisown,heusedthechancetoselectthelocationforhistombsitewhenhewenttopayhomagetotheancestors'tombs.Hespenteightmilliontaelsofsilver(250,000kilosofsilver)andsixyearstobuildahighqualitytombDingling.AftertheDinglingwascompleted,ZhuYijunpersonallywenttoinspectit,andfeltverysatisfiedwiththeresult.HewentsofarastoholdagrandbanquetintheUndergroundPalace,whichwasunheardofinhistory.ZhuYijunwasatypicalmuddle-headedemperor.Reflectingonhisreign,hedidnotpayattentiontostateaffairsfor28outofhis48yearrule.Thestateorganwaseffectivelysemi-paralyzedduringhisreign.LatergenerationscommentedthatthefalloftheMingdynastywascausedbythisemperor.ZhuYijunhadtwoempresses.EmpressXiaojingwasoriginallyamaidofWanli'smotherCisheng.Latershegavebirthtoasonoftheemperor.Thatsonwastheone-monthemperorGuangzong(ZhuChangluo).Shediedofillness9yearsearlierthanShenzongdied.ShewasburiedasaconcubineatPinggangdi,aroundtheeastpit,attheHeavenlyLongevityMount.AfterXiaojingwasconferredthetitleof""grandmotheroftheemperor”,herbodywasmovedtotheUndergroundPalaceofDingling,andburiedtogetherwithEmperorWanliandEmpressXiaoduanonthesameday.Xiaoduanwasconferredthetitleofempress,butshecouldnotgivebirthtoeitherasonoradaughtertotheemperor.Xiaoduandiedofillness.Ahundreddayslater,EmperorWanli(ZhuYijun)diedtoo.EmpressXiaoduan,EmperorWanli,andEmpressXiaojingwereburiedtogetherintheUndergroundPalace.ThetabletinfrontofDinglinghasnowordsonit.Itiscalledthewordlesstablet.Thereisapairofcoilingdragonsalongthetopandapatternofseawavescarvedonthebottom.Itsbaseiscomposedofatortoise(Bixi).Itissaidthatthedragonhasninesons.IntwelveoftheMingTombs,excludingChangling,allthetabletsarewordless.OriginallytherewerenotablethousesinfrontoftheTombs,butlaterthetablethousesandsteelesofthefirstsixtombswerecompleted.ButtheemperorJiajingatthetimeindulgedindrinking,lustandsearchingforlongevitypills,sohehadnotimetopayattentionontheinscriptions.Consequentlythesixtabletsarewordless.Andinkeepingwiththistradition,that'swhythetabletslateronarealsoblank.NowwearearrivingatTheGateofEminentFavorandtheHallofEminentFavorofDingling,TheHallofEminentFavorisalsocalledHallofEnjoyment.Itwastheplacewheretheemperorandhisentourageheldgrandsacrificialrites.TheyweremostlydestroyedwhentheQingsoldierscame.Andtheyweredestroyedagainlater,sonowonlytheruinsremain.Movingon,thisistheexhibitionroomsthatwerebuiltaftertheexcavationoftheUndergroundPalace.Theexhibitionexplainsindetailthehistoryofthetombmasterandintroducesthetombexcavationprocess.Theexhibitionroomsaredividedintotwoparts,thesouthandthenorth.Inthesouthroom,ondisplayarethesacrificialobjectsofEmperorWanliunearthedfromtheUndergroundPalace.Inthenorthroom,ondisplayarethesacrificialitemsofthetwoempresses.Allofthenarefancyandinvaluable.NowwearriveatTheSoulTower,thisisthesymbolofthetomb.Itisastonestructurewithcolorfulpainteddecorations.TheSoulTowerandthePreciouscitadelofDinglinghaveneverbeendamagedseriously.TheSoulToweristhebestpreservedarchitectureabovethegroundofDingling.Ontopoftheyellow,glazedtiledroofoftheSoulTowersitsabigstonetablet.TwoChinesecharacters----Dingling,arecarvedonthetablet.InsidetheSoulTower,ontopofanotherstonetablet,therearetwobigcharacters--'theGreatMing'writteninsealcharacters.Onthebodyofthetablet,sevenChinesecharacters'TombofEmperorShenzongXian'arecarved.TheSoulTowerisconnectedwiththePreciousCitadel.ThePreciousCitadelisalargeroundwallbuiltwithbricks.ThePreciousCitadelwallis7.5mhigh,andlowerpartisthickwhiletheupperpartisthin.Theroundwall'sperimeterisover800meters,andinsidethewallisalargeartificialmound,theemperor'stombmound,knownasPreciousTop.DinglingistheonlyMingTombtobeexcavated.FormalexcavationworkstartedinMay1956andendedin1958.First,theworkingpersonneldiscoveredanexposedgatewayatthesidewalltothesouthwestofthePreciousCitadelofDingling.Sotheydugthefirsttunnelfacingthepositionofthegateway.Atthebottomofthetunnel,theydiscoveredatunnelmadeofbricks.Threemonthslater,alongthedirectionofthetunnel,tothewestoftheSoulTower,theydugthesecondtunnel.Duringthedigging,theyencounteredwithastonetabletwhichinscribedthewords1fromhere48.8mforwardand10.7mdownwardliesthepreciouswall'.ThereforeitgavethecorrectdirectionofopeninguptheUndergroundPalace.Accordingtothedirectionofthestonetablet,afterdiggingthethirdtunnel,theyfoundastonetunnel.Atlasttheygottothepreciouswall.Thustheyopenedthepreciouswallwithasquarestoneroom.Tothewestendoftheroom,laytwomarbledoors.Theworkingpersonnelusedawireandwoodplanktoremovethe'self-acting'stonebar,whichwasagainstthebackofthedoor.Withthismethod,theyopenedtheentranceoftheUndergroundPalace.ThepalacehasnobeamwhichwasbuiltaccordingtotheprinciplesofgeomancyAltogethertherearefivechambers.Thechambersareseparatedbysevenmarbledoors.TheUndergroundPalaceis27metersdeep,coveringanareaof1,195squaremeters.Thereisasamestructurestonedoorinbetweenthefront,middleandrearchambers.Thedoorismadeofmarble.Thebiggestmarbledooris3.3metershigh,1.7meterswide,4tonsinweight.Itlooksheavy,butitisreasonablydesigned.Thepivotofthestonedoorisinclinedtothedooraxle,sothedooriseasytoopenandclose.Ontopofthedoorisalintel(madeofbronze)tubeweighingabout10tonstopreventthedoorfromfalling.Carvedonthefrontofthemarbledoorare9rowsof81knobsandstrangeanimalswithringsintheirmouths.Locatedonthereverseside,oppositetheanimals,isaprotrudingsectionthatholdsthedoor's'self-acting'stonebar.Thefrontandmiddlechambersare7.2metershighand6meterswide.Theflooriscoveredwithgoldbricks.Accordingtorecords,thegoldbricksaresmoothanddurable.Themoreyoupolishthem,thebrightertheybecome.Therearenodecorationsinthefrontandtwoannexchambers.Inthemiddlechamber,therearethreemarblethronesforEmperorWanliandhistwoEmpresses,knownasthepreciousthrones.Inthefrontofthethrones,therearefiveyellowglazedofferingsandoneblue-and-whiteporcelainjarofJiajingYear'sstylewithacloud-and-dragondesign.Itisabout0.7metersindiameter.Originallytherewassesameoilinthejar.Onthesurfaceoftheoilwasacoppertubewithawickinside.Itiscalledthe'everlastinglamp'.Duetothelackofoxygen,thelightwentoutsotheoilhadnotbeenusedall.Therearchamberisthebiggestofthethree.Itis9.5metershigh,31meterslong,9.1meterswide,thefloorispavedwithpolishedstones.Intherearchamber,thereisacoffinplatformedgedwithwhitemarble.PlacedontheplatformarethecoffinsofEmperorWanliandhistwoEmpressesaswellas26vermilionboxesfilledwithfuneralobjects.Inthemiddleofthecoffinplatform,thereisarectangularholefilledwithsoilcalledGoldWell.Puttingjadestonearoundthecoffinorinsidethecoffinorinthemouthofthedeceasediscalledbeing'buriedwithjade.'AncientpeoplebelievedGoldWellwasthepitofgeomancy.Itcouldpreventthebodyfromdecayforalongtime.Being'buriedwithjade'onaGoldWellwasthehigheststandardofentombmentonecouldreceiveinthefeudalera.Originallytheempress'scoffinshouldhavebeenplacedintherearchamber.Thenwhywerethecoffinsofthetwoempressesalsointhesamechamberastheemperor's?In1620,firstempressXiaoduandiedinApril,theninJulyEmperorWanlialsodied.Afterthat,thesonofZhuChangluodied29daysafterhissuccession.Inonlyafewmonths,twoemperorsandoneempresshaddiedinsuccession.InadditiontheyhadremovedEmpressXiaojing'scoffintoDingling.AlltheburdensofthefuneralburialsfellonthejustenthronedEmperorZhuYoujian.Thepreparationworkwasdoneinahurriedfashion(thiswasclearlyrecordedinhistoricaldocuments).Therainyseasonhadalreadyarrivedbeforethefuneralcouldoccurandthepassageleadingtotheempress'annexchambermaynothavebeenconvenienttoopen.Sothecoffinsoftheemperor,empressesallenteredtheUndergroundPalacethroughthefrontentrance.AfterthecoffinsenteredtheUndergroundPalace,sincethepassagetotheannexchamberswerenarrow,thecoffinsoftheempresseswouldnotfitthroughit.Sotheyhadtoputallthethreecoffinstogetherintotherearchamber.Nowpleasefollowmeoutoftheundergroundpalace.Andourtourfortodayiscompleted.Ihopeyouhavefoundourtimetogetherinformativeandenjoyable.Wenowhavehalfanhourforarest,andthenwewillgettogetherhereat4:00pm.Thankyou.十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞篇3Atadistanceof50kmnorthwestofBeijingstandsanarc-shapedclusterofhillsfrontedbyasmallplain.Hereiswhere13emperorsoftheMingdynasty(1368-1644)wereburied,andtheareaisknownastheMingTombs.Constructionofthetombsstartedin1409andendedwiththefalloftheMingDynastyin1644.Inover200yearstombswerebuiltoveranareaof40squarekilometres,whichissurroundedbywallstotalling40kilometres.EachtombislocatedatthefootofaseparatehillandislinkedwiththeothertombsbyaroadcalledtheSacredWay.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.BeijingservedasthenationalcapitalduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.UnlikeMingandQingrulerswhoallbuiltmassivetombsforthemselves,Yuanrulersleftnosimilarburialgrounds.Whythedifference?Thishastodowithpeople'sdifferentviewsondeath.BeijingnomadscamefromtheMongoliansteppe.MongolswhoestablishedtheYuanDynastyheldthebeliefthattheyhadcomefrom:earth.theyadoptedasimplefuneralmethod:thedeadwasplacedinsideahollowednanmutree,whichwasthenburiedundergrassland.Growthofgrasssoonleftnotracesofthetombs.Bycontrast,duringtheMingDynastyestablishedbyHanChinesecomingfromanagriculturalsocietyincentralChina,peoplebelievedtheexistenceofanafter-world,wherethedead"lived"alifesimilartothatoftheliving.Mingemperor,therefore,hasgrandmausoleumsbuiltforthemselves.Qingrulersdidlikewise.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.Well-proportionedandfinelycarved,thearchwayisoneofthebestpreservedspecimensofitskinkintheMingDynasty.ItisalsothelargestancientstonearchwayinChina.TheStelePavilion,notfarfromtheGreatPalaceGate,isactuallyapavilionwithadouble-eavedroof.OnthebackofthesteleiscarvedpoetrywrittenbyEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastywhenhevisitedtheMingTombs.TheSacredWayinsidethegateoftheMingTombislinedwith18pairsofstonehumanfiguresandanimals.Theseincludefoureachofthreetypesofofficials:civil,militaryandmeritoriousofficials,symbolizingthosewhoassisttheemperorintheadministrationofthestate,plusfoureachofsixiypesofanimals:lion,griffin,camel,elephant,unicornandhorse.Yongling,builtin1536,isthetombforEmperorShizong,ZhuHoucong(1507-1566).Hestayedinpowerfor45years.TheDinglingTombisthetombofEmperorWanli(reigned1573-1619),the13themperoroftheMingDynasty,whosepersonalnamewasZhuYijun,andofhistwoempresses,XiaoDuanandXiaoJing.Thetombwascompletedinsixyears(1584-1590),itoccupiesatotalareaof1,195squaremetersatthefootofDayuMountainsouthwestoftheChanglingTomb.Atadistanceof50kmnorthwestofBeijingstandsanarc-shapedclusterofhillsfrontedbyasmallplain.Hereiswhere13emperorsoftheMingdynasty(1368-1644)wereburied,andtheareaisknownastheMingTombs.Constructionofthetombsstartedin1409andendedwiththefalloftheMingDynastyin1644.Inover200yearstombswerebuiltoveranareaof40squarekilometres,whichissurroundedbywallstotalling40kilometres.EachtombislocatedatthefootofaseparatehillandislinkedwiththeothertombsbyaroadcalledtheSacredWay.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.BeijingservedasthenationalcapitalduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.UnlikeMingandQingrulerswhoallbuiltmassivetombsforthemselves,Yuanrulersleftnosimilarburialgrounds.Whythedifference?Thishastodowithpeople'sdifferentviewsondeath.BeijingnomadscamefromtheMongoliansteppe.MongolswhoestablishedtheYuanDynastyheldthebeliefthattheyhadcomefrom:earth,theyadoptedasimplefuneralmethod:thedeadwasplacedinsideahollowednanmutree,whichwasthenburiedundergrassland.Growthofgrasssoonleftnotracesofthetombs.Bycontrast,duringtheMingDynastyestablishedbyHanChinesecomingfromanagriculturalsocietyincentralChina,peoplebelievedtheexistenceofanafter-world,wherethedead"lived"alifesimilartothatoftheliving.Mingemperor,therefore,hasgrandmausoleumsbuiltforthemselves.Qingrulersdidlikewise.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.Well-proportionedandfinelycarved,thearchwayisoneofthebestpreservedspecimensofitskinkintheMingDynasty.ItisalsothelargestancientstonearchwayinChina.throne,ZhuYuanzhangdiedattheageof71andwasburiedinhistombXiaoling,easternsuburbsofthecapitalNanjing.AccordingtotheChinesehereditarysystem,theeldestsonshouldbethesuccessor.Butunfortunately,ZhuYuanzhang'seldestsonZhuBiaodiedin1392,sixyearsearlierthantheemperor.SoEmperorZhuYuanzhangchosehisgrandsonZhuYunwenasthesuccessor.In1398,afterEmperorZhuYuanzhangdied,his21-year-oldgrandsonsucceededhisthroneandbecamethesecondemperoroftheMingDynastynamedEmperorJianWen.AtthattimeEmperorJianWenwasassistedbycoutofficialsingoverningthecountry.Inordertocentralizethepower,headoptedthesuggestionofhiscourtofficialstoweakenthepoweroftheregionalgarrisoncommanderswhowereactuallyhisuncles,thesonsofthefirstemperor.ButthesemeasuresmetwithstrongresistancefromhisuncleZhuDi,theprinceofYanzthefourthsonofthefirstEmperorZhuYuanzhang.ZhuDigotsoenragedwhenheheardthenewsthathispowerwouldbereduced.WithanarmyoflOOOOOstong,hewasthemostpowerfulgarrisoncommanderamongalltheprinces,thenundertheexcuseofwipingouttheevilsaroundtheemperor,helaunchedpunitiveexpeditiontothecapitalin1399inthenameof“wipingoutevilforthecountry〃.thewarlastedforthreeyears,finallyZhuDiusurpedthepowerfromhisnephewandbecamethe3rdemperoroftheMingDynastyandadoptedthereigntitle"yongle”.EmperorJianWen,thedethronedemperordisappearedwithnowheretobefound.Somepeoplesaidthathediedinabigfire;anothersayingisthathehadescapedtoatempleandbecameaBuddhistmonk.AnywayhiswhereaboutsremainedunknowntillnowinspiteofYongle'ssearchforhimalloverthecountry.SothereisnotombforthesecondemperoroftheMingDynasty.TheStelePavilion,notfarfromtheGreatPalaceGate,isactuallyapavilionwithadouble-eavedroof.OnthebackofthesteleiscarvedpoetrywrittenbyEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastywhenhevisitedtheMingTombs.TheSacredWayinsidethegateoftheMingTombislinedwith18pairsofstonehumanfiguresandanimals.Theseincludefoureachofthreetypesofofficials:civil,militaryandmeritoriousofficials,symbolizingthosewhoassisttheemperorintheadministrationofthestate,plusfoureachofsixiypesofanimals:lion,griffin,camel,elephant,unicornandhorse.Yongling,builtin1536,isthetombforEmperorShizong,ZhuHoucong(1507-1566).Hestayedinpowerfor45years.TheDinglingTombisthetombofEmperorWanli(reigned1573-1619),the13themperoroftheMingDynasty,whosepersonalnamewasZhuYijun,andofhistwoempresses,XiaoDuanandXiaoJing.Thetombwascompletedinsixyears(1584-1590),itoccupiesatotalareaof1,195squaremetersatthefootofDayuMountainsouthwestoftheChanglingTomb.EmperorXianzong,ZhuJianshen,andhisthreeempressesareentombedwithinMaoling.ZhuJianshen(1447-1487)wasthefirstsonofEmperorYingzong.Hestayedinpowerfor22years.Wehavecoveredsomeofthemostsignificanttombsofthe13Mingtombsinthetour.Ifyouarealsointerestedintheothertombs,thebestwayistocomeandexperienceyourself.ChanglingisthetombofemperorYongle(reigned1403-1424),thethirdemperoroftheMingDynastywhosepersonalnamewasZhuDi,andofhisempress.Builtin1413,themausoleumextendsoveranareaof100,000squaremetres.Thesoultower,whichtellspeoplewhosetombitis,restsonacircularwallcalledthe"cityoftreasures"whichsurroundstheburialmound.The"cityoftreasures"atChanglinghasalengthofmorethanakilometre.TheundergroundpalaceatDinglingTombconsistsofanantechamber,aceniralchamberandarearchamberplustheleftandrightannexes.Oneofthepicturesshowsthecentralchamberwherethesacrificialutensilsareondisplay.Twomarbledoorsaremadeofsingleslabsandcarvedwithlife-sizehumanfigures,flowersandbirds.Morethan3,000articleshavebeenunearthedfromthetumulus,themostpreciousbeingthegoldencrownsoftheemperorandhisqueen.十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞篇4TheMingTombsarelocatedatthefootofTianshoumountaininChangpingDistrictofBeijing.Thereare13Mingemperorsburiedhere,sotheyarecalledMingTombs.FromtheseventhyearofYongle(1409)totheearlyyearofShunzhiinQingDynasty,theconstructionofChanglingwas200years.TheMingTombssystemiscompletedwithalargescale,whichisthemostcompletemausoleumgroupintheworldwithmanyemperorsburied.In20_)theMingTombswerelistedinthe"CenturyHeritageList"byUNESCO,becomingamustvisitplaceforChineseandforeigntouriststoBeijing.TherearesixteenemperorsintheMingDynasty.WhyisthereonlytheMingTombs?That'sbecausetherearethreeemperorsintheMingDynastywhoarenotburiedhere.OneisthefoundingemperorZhuYuanzhang,thesecondEmperorZhuYunwen,andtheotheristhekingTaiEmperorZhuQiyu.ZhuDi,thethirdemperoroftheMingDynasty,wasthefirsttobuildamausoleuminBeijing.InJulyofthefifthyearofYongleintheMingDynasty(1407),theempressXuofZhuDi,thefounderoftheMingDynasty,died.ZhuDiorderedZhaoDan,theMinisterofrites,andLiaoJunqing,aJiangxiwarlock,tobuildamausoleuminBeijing.Finally,theareaaroundlouziyingofkangjiazhuanginChangpingDistricttodaywasselectedasthesiteofthemausoleumandreportedtotheemperor.AfterZhuDipersonallyinspectedthesite,hewasverysatisfied.Henamedthemountain"Tianshoumountain"andchose"auspiciousdayoftheYellowRoad"tostarttheconstructionofthemausoleum.FromtheseventhyearofYongletothesecondyearofXuande(1409-1427),ittook18yearstocompletethemausoleum.EmpressXuwasburiedfirst,andthenZhuDihimself.ZhuDinamedhismausoleum"Changling",whichisthe"firstmausoleum"oftheMingTombs.Thefollow-updecorationofChanglingisnotover.IntheJiajingperiodofMingDynasty,ZhuHoufuorderedtobuildtheShintoofChangling.LargestonearchwaysandsteletowersonShintowerebuiltoneafteranother.Soittookmorethan130yearsforChanglingtobebuilt.TheShintooftheChanglingmausoleumwascompletedinturnwiththemausoleumsofthesuccessiveemperorsoftheMingDynasty,andbecamethemainShintooftheMingTombs.AftertheQingDynastyenteredtheGAT]itencounteredgreatdifficultiesinrulingthecountry,sotheimperialcourttookmanymeasurestoeasethepeople'sfierceresistance.Forexample,thepostponementofshavingandchangingclothes,therestorationofimperialexamination,thereuseofHanofficials,andthemanagementofMingDynastymausoleum.DuringthereignofKangxi,everytimeEmperorKangxivisitedthesouth,hewouldgotoNanjing'sXiaolingofMingDynastytooffersacrificestoZhuYuanzhang.HealsowenttotherightsideoftheShintoofXiaolingofMingDynasty(theleftsidewasthetopinancienttimes)toshowhisrespectforZhuYuanzhang,thefoundingemperorofMingDynasty.DuringthereignofYongzheng,EmperorYongzhengmadeawishforhissontobecomehisfather,aimingtofindthedirectdescendantsoftheMingemperor.Whenyoufindit,you'llbetheofficial.DuringthereignofQianlong,EmperorQianlonggrantedthedescendantsoftheZhur