語言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)及答案

語言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)及答案語言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)及答案語言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)及答案語言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)及答案編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:英語語言學(xué)期末預(yù)測及答案TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:%×10=5%)1)affricate2)distinctivefeature3)parole4)generativegrammar5)bilingualism6)felicitycondition7)designfeature8)denotation9)labiodental10)linguisticrelativityTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:%×10=5%)11)人際功能12)真值條件13)女性語域14)音節(jié)劃分15)結(jié)構(gòu)主義16)社會(huì)語言學(xué)17)論元18)單元音19)銜接20)對比分析III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheanswersheet.(1%×20=20%)1).languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.culturalB.conventionalC.decodedD.vocal2).Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemouswordC.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove3).Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“l(fā)earned”isknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform4).Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite5).“Ipickedsometulips.”__________“Ipickedsomeflowers.”.A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith6).Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.X:WhowasthatyouwerewithlastnightY:DidyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocksA.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7)“CanIborrowyourbike”_____“Youhaveabike.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes8)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronicB.historicC.diachronicD.descriptive9)WhichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguageA.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.Alloftheabove10)Twoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobein___________.A.phonemiccontrastB.complementarydistributionC.minimalpairD.noneoftheabove11)Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof_________.A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental12)TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_______in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.N.ChomskyC.F.SaussureD.M.A.K.Halliday13)WhichofthefollowingisacorrectdescriptionofreferenceA.arelationshipbetweenanexpressionandotherexpressionswhichhavethesamemeaningB.thesetofallobjectswhichcanpotentiallybereferredtobyanexpressionC.arelationshipbetweenaparticularobjectintheworldandanexpressionusedinanutterancetopickoutthatobjectD.anintra-linguisticrelationshipbetweenlexicalitems14)Whatisfunctionofthesentence“Howdoyoudo’A.DirectiveB.PhaticC.InformativeD.Evocative15)Inthefollowingsounds,________isacentralvowel.A./?/B./u/C./?/D./з/16)WhichofthefollowinglanguageshasthesyllabicwritingsystemA.ChineseB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.French17)Whichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isrightA.[+human,+adult,-male]B.[+human,-adult,+male]C.[–human,+adult,-male]D.[+human,+adult,+male]18)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content19)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.A.rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD.bothAandB20)“Hotdog”withthefirstsyllablestressedmeans_________.A.anoverheatedanimalB.akindoffoodC.abarkingdogD.adeaddogIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(15pts,1pointforeach)Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(1%×15=15%)1)Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.2)AccordingtoN.Chomsky,“competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance.3)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.4)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.5)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencespatternsofalanguage.6)Languagesdifferintheirselectionofcontrastivesounds.7)TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.8)Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.9)Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.10)Areferringexpressioncanbeusedtorefertononexistentthings.11)Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.12)Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.13)Anillocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.14)Socialdialects,orsociolects,arevarietiesoflanguageusedbypeoplebelongingtoparticularsocialclasses.15)Thestructuraltestsfocusonthecommunicativeandlinguisticcompetence.V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)1)Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasa____________phonetics,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.2)Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspeechoverw_________.3)S_________studiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.4)C____________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.5)Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”areh_____________.6)H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb_________transcription.7)Linguistics’foundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthec_________oflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.8)Interchangeabilitymeansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproduceranda_______ofmessages.9)Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatternandsimilaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative,thegreatertheirstructuraldifferentiationis,themorediversetheirconceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.ThishasoftenbeencalledtheSapir-Whorfh___________.10)S______acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.thefollowingterms:%×20=10%)TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:%×10=5%)1)塞擦音2)區(qū)別性特征3)言語4)生成語法5)雙語現(xiàn)象6)適切條件7)結(jié)構(gòu)特征8)外延9)唇齒音10)語言相對論TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:%×10=5%)11)interpersonalfunction12)truthcond