2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號72

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

問題1選項

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

問題2選項

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

問題3選項

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

問題4選項

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“除……外，以下所有內(nèi)容都在第1和第2段中提到，作為藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家中慣用右手的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多數(shù)雕刻作品的光線最好從左邊照射，因為這很適合右手藝術(shù)家的作品，他們通常喜歡讓光線照在左邊，這樣他們的手的影子就不會落在雕刻工具或刷子的頂端。）可知，A項“是大多數(shù)雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我們不得不做出一種假設(shè)：雙手是手掌朝下被印刷出來的，而手掌朝上印刷出來的左手當(dāng)然看起來像一只右手。在法國加爾加斯洞穴的158張模板中，有136張被確定為左手，只有22張是右手，因此，慣用右手的人占主導(dǎo)地位。）可知，C項“左手輪廓的盛行”是正確的，B項“事實上，用模板繪制的左手掌心向上可能看起來像右手”中的fact（事實）與原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假設(shè)），而不是“事實”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少數(shù)幾個冰河時期的人物被描繪成拿著東西的例子中，雖然不全是但大多數(shù)都是用右手拿著東西。）可知，D項“史前藝術(shù)中的人物用右手拿著東西”也符合。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被確定為右撇子，因為……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右側(cè)骨骼更長，更強壯，肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一塊名為LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明顯比左上臂強壯。）可知，B項“右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強壯”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（對其他尼安德特人的骨架的調(diào)查也得到了類似的結(jié)果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼與其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有類似的特點，即右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強壯，并不是說他們的骨骼是相似的，C項“它與LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷換概念；A項“附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”這是在發(fā)現(xiàn)名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被確定為右撇子之后法身的，A項不選。D項“右側(cè)骨骼骨折的證據(jù)較少”，這是證明右撇子的另外一個證據(jù)，而不是證明名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的證據(jù)。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于骨折痕和割傷痕的陳述哪一個可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（斷裂痕與割傷痕也是論據(jù)的另一來源。右撇子勇士一般都是左側(cè)容易受傷。在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一個40-50歲之間的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的頭部、左臂和肋骨上有多處已愈合的傷痕。），從中可知，習(xí)慣使用右撇子的人左側(cè)受傷會更多，可以推斷這是由于右撇子的人的右側(cè)被占主導(dǎo)地位的右手保護(hù)，所以左側(cè)受傷更多，A項“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割傷往往發(fā)生在受傷方身體的右側(cè)”和B項“右臂受傷更多，因為右臂作為主要的手臂，使用更積極”錯誤；C項“對于大多數(shù)人來說，身體的左半邊更容易受傷，因為它沒有被占主導(dǎo)地位的手臂有效地保護(hù)”符合題意。D項“人類化石上的骨折和割傷很可能是死后造成的”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提到在法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也會反映這一現(xiàn)象……在法國的Lascaux巖洞藝術(shù)找到的冰川時代末期的繩子是由向右旋轉(zhuǎn)的纖維捆成的，當(dāng)然也就證實了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推斷，作者提到法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子是為了對第五段第一句提供關(guān)于通過物品判斷右撇子的例證，D項“作為一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A項“作為一件物品的例子，它的磨損痕跡表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨損”并不屬于繩子上的。B項“因為穿衣服對右撇子來說比左撇子更容易”在該段落并未提及。C項“因為在Lascaux洞穴，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些為右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

Inspiteof_____reviewsinthepress,theproductionofherplaywas_____almostcertainoblivionbyenthusiasticaudiencewhoseacumenwasgreaterthanthatofthecritics.

問題1選項

A.lukewarm…condemned

B.scathing...exposedto

C.lackluster...rescuedfrom

D.sensitive...reducedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析和句意理解。A項lukewarm“微溫的，無興趣的”，condemn“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”；B項scathing“嚴(yán)厲的”,exposeto“暴露于”；C項lackluster“無光澤的，無生氣的”，rescuefrom“從……營救”；D項sensitive“敏感的”，reduceto“減少，縮減到”。reviewinthepress和critics是對應(yīng)的，所以第一空和critics的觀點應(yīng)該一致，和觀眾的意見相反。觀眾的意見是enthusiastic“熱情的”，所以必然要否定oblivion“遺忘”，從第二空來看，只有C可能表示否定oblivion。句意：盡管媒體的評論很，但她演奏的作品被熱情的觀眾從注定被遺忘的結(jié)局里，聽眾比評論家更敏銳。所以C項符合。

3.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識，可知空格處填入A項符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因為她被教室里的噪音和講話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項。

4.單選題

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

問題1選項

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的；發(fā)亮的”。A項“不合理的；不能當(dāng)真的”，B項“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C項“閃爍的”，D項“熱烈贊揚的；熱情洋溢的”，因此選C。句意：電流是從一個電極跳到另一個電極的發(fā)光電流。

5.單選題

ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant’sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant’sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil’sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

50.TheGiant’sCausewaywascreatedby______.

51.ThelastsentenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

52.WhichoftheGiant’sCauseway’sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention?

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant’sCauseway?

問題1選項

A.theancientIrishpeople

B.thegiantFinnMcCool

C.thevolcanicactivities

D.thedriftoflavaplateau

問題2選項

A.inviting

B.intimidating

C.eye-opening

D.heart-breaking

問題3選項

A.Itsunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

B.Itsamphitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

C.ItslargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

D.Itsswingingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

問題4選項

A.Itprovidesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

B.ItisasourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

C.Itservesasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificresearch.

D.ItdwarfsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“巨人之路是由……創(chuàng)造的”。根據(jù)文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潛伏在陸地盡頭、荒涼的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定讓古代愛爾蘭人感到驚奇，他們隨后受到啟發(fā)并創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)它的建造者的傳說，即巨人芬恩麥庫爾）和第二句TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.（堤道海岸有著無與倫比的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，代表了約5億6千萬年前第三紀(jì)早期的火山活動），以及第四段中的TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSite…itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures（巨人之路和堤道海岸于1986年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄……它是一個杰出的例子，代表了地球歷史的主要階段，包括生命的記錄：在地形發(fā)展中的重要的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征），可知，巨人之路的創(chuàng)造是由于火山的活動而產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的地質(zhì)過程，從而形成巨人之路，所以C項“火山活動”正確。A項“古代愛爾蘭人”錯誤；D項“熔巖高原的漂移”中的“漂移”文中沒有提及；B項“巨人芬恩麥庫爾”為干擾項，文章第一句說到了legend（神話），可知巨人之路是由巨人芬恩麥庫爾創(chuàng)造的并不是真實發(fā)生的事情，而是愛爾蘭人們?yōu)榱私忉屵@一現(xiàn)象而創(chuàng)造出來的神話，該項不選。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

51.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第三段的最后一句話暗示了在搖擺橋上的旅行是相當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!（可以通過80英尺落差的搖擺橋，膽小的人可不行?。勺詈蟮膄aint-hearted（怯懦的，膽怯的）就可以推知，搖擺橋是令人害怕的，B項“令人生畏的”正確。A項“誘人的，有魅力的”、C項“使人開眼界的”和D項“心碎的”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

52.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“巨人之路的哪一個特征最符合世界遺產(chǎn)公約的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.（該遺址具有突出的普世價值，符合《世界遺產(chǎn)公約》規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。也就是說，它是一個杰出的例子，代表了地球歷史的主要階段，包括生命的記錄：在地形發(fā)展中的重要的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征；此外，它還包含了最高的自然現(xiàn)象和特殊的自然美和美學(xué)重要性的領(lǐng)域。），可知巨人之路的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程、重要的地貌和地貌特征以及自然現(xiàn)象和自然美是最符合世界遺產(chǎn)公約的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以A項“無與倫比的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造”最能概括這幾點。B項“它的圓形凹地有著名字奇特的石柱”、C項“歐洲最大的熔巖高原”和D項“在海岸和一個小島之間的搖擺繩索橋”都是包括在里面的。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于巨人之路，下列哪項是不正確的？”。由最后一段第二句TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.（該中心是沿海岸和懸崖的理想起點，為游客提供各種優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。）可知，A項“它為游客提供了壯麗的景色”符合原文。由文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潛伏在陸地盡頭、荒涼的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定讓古代愛爾蘭人感到驚奇，他們隨后受到啟發(fā)并創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)它的建造者的傳說，即巨人芬恩麥庫爾）可知，B項“它是古代愛爾蘭文學(xué)靈感的來源”正確。由最后一段倒數(shù)第一句A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory…（12分鐘的視聽介紹，配有5種歐洲語言的解說，使游客可以通過當(dāng)?shù)氐拿耖g傳說和科學(xué)理論進(jìn)一步探索巨人之路的起源……）可知，巨人之路在科學(xué)理論的探索上發(fā)揮了作用，C項“它是科學(xué)研究的絕佳材料”也符合。只有D項“它使歐洲的許多其他世界遺產(chǎn)相形見絀”在文中并沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

問題1選項

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項homogeneity“同質(zhì)，同種”，B項proximity“接近”，C項lingering“拖延的，遲遲不結(jié)束的”，D項access“通道，進(jìn)入，機會”。根據(jù)but可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一個鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息）對比可知，前面空格處應(yīng)該表示“住在鄰居隔壁”，B項符合。句意：住得離鄰居很近是很舒適的，但是住在一個鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息。因此，該題選擇B項。

7.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問題1選項

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問題2選項

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問題3選項

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問題4選項

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（與現(xiàn)代工業(yè)陶藝家不同的是，史前工匠們用最簡單的技術(shù)制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現(xiàn)出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B項“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”，后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過程。

A項“考古學(xué)家為什么研究史前造壺”，文中并未提及；C項“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發(fā)展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主題；D項“史前陶器上裝飾的種類”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至關(guān)重要：它被仔細(xì)地?fù)v碎，并與水混合，使其質(zhì)地完全均勻）。meticulously“仔細(xì)地”。A項“大量地；沉重地”，B項“最初”，C項“仔細(xì)地；小心翼翼的”，D項“徹底地；完全地”，因此只有C項符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干：以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來給器皿玻璃般的飾面？文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一塊圓石或者類似的東西打磨，可以得到一個光亮、堅硬的表面），因此正確選項為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項“用濕手撫平它們”，這并不能得到一個玻璃般的飾面，而且接下來還有很多步驟；B項“將粘土與有色溶液混合”，文中未體現(xiàn)；C項“在很高的溫度下烘烤”，這是glaze“釉料”的制作過程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被稱為窯爐的特殊烘箱中，溫度要高得多，這種烘箱……），

是說用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度，因此正確選項為B“達(dá)到更高的溫度”。A項“燃燒所需木材較少”，C項“把灰從罐子里拿開”，D項“烘烤容器并且容器沒有開裂”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)。

8.單選題

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

問題1選項

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項“傳送；輸送”，B項“巡回工作的；流動的”，C項“游牧的”，D項“短暫的”。根據(jù)題干中的but，可知前后為對比，結(jié)合句意：小時候，時間總是像夏天傍晚天空中的閃電蟲一樣緩慢移動，但成年后，時間是。因此選D項。

9.單選題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

58.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedinparagraph2tobe______.

60.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsexcept______.

問題1選項

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizesandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswers

問題2選項

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.useful,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問題3選項

A.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,doublingthenumberofobservationsmadewillprobablyresultintheisolationofdensity-dependenteffects.

B.Density-dependenteffectsonpopulationdynamicsdonotoccurasfrequentlyasdode