2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)3

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveysandclinicalexperiments,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallya(n)（1）ofsleepinessinthenation.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightBulbacenturyago.Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeen（2）dramatically,tobetween7and8hours.

Perhapsthemost（3）robberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleepmostexpendableitemontheagenda.Often,thoughoureffortstosqueezeevermoretasksintoourdaysandnights（4）.Thepersonwhoinvestsinafullnight’ssleep,expertssay,willbemorethan（5）inheightenedproductivity,creativity,andfocus.Anotherthiefofsleepisshiftwork,inwhichpeopleworkregularlyintheevening,atnightoronrotatingschedules.Researcherssaythebrainhasdifficultyvaryingsleeptimes,whichmeansthattheseemployeesusuallysuffera（6）lossofsleep.Theavailabilityofround-the-clockentertainment,especiallyall-nighttelevision,alsotakesits（72）.

Toassesstheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthrougha（8）ofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemtoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.Researchersfoundthatifthesubjectsweresleep-（9）.Theirperformancesuffered,short-termmemorywasimpaired,aswereabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.Becausetheirreactiontimeandattentionspanareaffected,sleepypeoplemaybemorepronetomakingmistakes.

Sleeping（10）onweekendsdoesnothelpthebodyrecoup.Butinchroniccases,peoplemayneedweeksofcatchinguptoreversetheeffectsofsleeploss.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.epidemic

C.tendency

D.symptom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whittled

B.reduced

C.imputed

D.subjugated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relentless

B.annoying

C.merciless

D.greedy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.backtrack

B.backcross

C.backset

D.backfire

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rejuvenated

B.recovered

C.refreshed

D.recompensed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.net

B.total

C.great

D.sea

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.part

B.toll

C.role

D.effect

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.bundle

B.bevy

C.battery

D.batch

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.driven

C.ridden

D.laden

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.away

C.in

D.up

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項(xiàng)epidemic“傳染病；流行??；風(fēng)尚等的流行”；C選項(xiàng)tendency“傾向，趨勢(shì)；癖好”；D選項(xiàng)symptom“癥狀；征兆”。句意：從最近的調(diào)查和臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，大多數(shù)睡眠行為方面的專家都發(fā)現(xiàn)嗜睡流行病遍布整個(gè)國(guó)家。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whittle“削；削減；切；削弱”；B選項(xiàng)reduced“減少；降低；使處于；把……分解”；C選項(xiàng)imputed“歸罪于，歸咎于；嫁禍于”；D選項(xiàng)subjugated“征服；使服從；克制”。句意：到了20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代，人們的睡眠時(shí)間急劇減少到7到8小時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relentless“無(wú)情的；殘酷的（多用來(lái)形容外界及周圍環(huán)境的殘酷）；不間斷的”；B選項(xiàng)annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C選項(xiàng)merciless“殘忍的（多用來(lái)形容人的內(nèi)心是殘酷無(wú)情的）；無(wú)慈悲心的”；D選項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的；貪吃的；渴望的”。句意：研究人員說(shuō)，也許最無(wú)情的睡眠劫匪是一天的復(fù)雜性。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)backtrack“v.原路返回；折回；折返；（屈于壓力而）改變聲明（或主張），出爾反爾；退縮”；B選項(xiàng)backcross“v.使（雜種）回交（或逆代雜交）；n.回交；逆代雜交；回交子代”；C選項(xiàng)backset“n.渦流；逆流；倒退；挫折”；D選項(xiàng)backfire“v.產(chǎn)生事與愿違的不良（或危險(xiǎn)）后果；逆火；回火”。由題可知空格處應(yīng)填帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意味的詞，意為“通常情況下，盡管我們?nèi)杖找挂苟荚跒楦嗟娜蝿?wù)而努力，結(jié)果卻事與愿違”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rejuvenated“使年輕；使更新；使恢復(fù)精神；使復(fù)原；復(fù)原；變年輕”；B選項(xiàng)recovered“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得；恢復(fù)；勝訴；重新得球”；C選項(xiàng)refreshed“使恢復(fù)精力；使涼爽；重新斟滿；提醒；提示；使想起”；D選項(xiàng)recompense“賠償，補(bǔ)償；酬謝，回報(bào)”。句意：如果你有充足的睡眠，那么在工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度方面會(huì)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)你本該有的報(bào)酬。也就是說(shuō)你的工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度會(huì)有很大的改觀。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)net“純的；最后的；原價(jià)的；（重量）凈的；（高爾夫球得分）凈得的”；B選項(xiàng)total“全部的；完全的；整個(gè)的”；C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的，重大的；極好的，好的；主要的”；D選項(xiàng)sea“n.海；海洋；許多；大量”。句意：研究人員表示，大腦很難改變睡眠時(shí)間，這意味著這些員工通常會(huì)損失大量睡眠時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)part“部分；角色；零件；一些；片段”；B選項(xiàng)total“總數(shù)，合計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)great“大師；大人物；偉人們”；D選項(xiàng)effect“影響；效果；作用”。句意：24小時(shí)的娛樂，尤其是通宵的電視節(jié)目，也起到了一定的作用。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundleof“一捆捆的；一束；一包”；B選項(xiàng)abevyof“一群；一組”；C選項(xiàng)abatteryof“一連串的；一系列的”；D選項(xiàng)abatchof“一批（用來(lái)形容數(shù)量，后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)）”。句意：為了評(píng)估睡眠不足的后果，研究人員對(duì)受試者進(jìn)行了一系列的心理和表現(xiàn)測(cè)試，要求他們添加一列數(shù)字，或者回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽的一篇文章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)deprived“貧困的，窮苦的，嚴(yán)重匱乏的；（人）喪失的，被剝奪的”；B選項(xiàng)driven“被動(dòng)的，受到驅(qū)策的；有緊迫感的；（人）發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)的”；C選項(xiàng)ridden“充斥……的；受虐待的”；D選項(xiàng)laden“負(fù)載的；裝滿的；苦惱的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”，所以空格處應(yīng)填與該詞意思相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，sleep-deprived“睡眠剝奪”符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)sleepout“外宿；在外過(guò)夜；露宿；外宿房”；B選項(xiàng)sleepaway“一直熟睡；用睡覺消磨（時(shí)光）；用睡覺消除（頭痛等）”；C選項(xiàng)sleepin“睡過(guò)頭；睡懶覺；晚一點(diǎn)兒起床；遲起床”；D選項(xiàng)sleepup“五倍深度睡眠；深度睡眠；睡起來(lái)了”。句意：周末睡懶覺無(wú)助于身體的恢復(fù)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clivose

B.demode

C.abrim

D.xenial

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的；老式的”；C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿著的”；D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的，但在八十年代肯定是過(guò)時(shí)了。passe“已過(guò)盛年的；過(guò)時(shí)的；凋謝的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一種漸進(jìn)性的麻痹性疾病，幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動(dòng)）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥，常被描述為一種活死人。身體會(huì)變得松弛，而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識(shí)。）”，由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會(huì)有一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。A選項(xiàng)“使人立即癱瘓”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動(dòng)”符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)是高度傳染性的”和D選項(xiàng)“是由基因決定的，不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對(duì)自己的生活有何感想時(shí)，他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強(qiáng)烈感，他回答說(shuō)：我仍然期待著。）”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但對(duì)于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人，人們卻知之甚少。）”，由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨，但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài)，對(duì)生活充滿期待，決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降?。A選項(xiàng)“想自殺”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“支持俄勒岡州一項(xiàng)（允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的）法律”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“決心活得更長(zhǎng)”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“正在變得失去意識(shí)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（專家說(shuō)，讓許多病人活下來(lái)的，是一種未完的事業(yè)感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些擁有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療護(hù)理的保險(xiǎn)，使他們能夠避免一些與疾病相關(guān)的主要健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人，以及那些家庭成員在得不到專家?guī)椭鷷r(shí)可以支付時(shí)間的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（許多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，這些信仰幫助他們維持生命）”，因此A選項(xiàng)“他們有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療的保險(xiǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們有一種未完的事業(yè)感”以及C選項(xiàng)“他們有強(qiáng)烈的宗教信仰來(lái)支持他們”在文中都有提到，只有D選項(xiàng)“他們從周圍的人那里得到了強(qiáng)大的精神支持”文章沒有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell（具有諷刺意味的是，我現(xiàn)在和很多人交流的次數(shù)比我健康時(shí)還多）”，由此可知Dr.Lodish與病魔作斗爭(zhēng)是通過(guò)經(jīng)常與他人溝通交流，分享生命中的點(diǎn)滴。A選項(xiàng)“正在接受專家的幫助”；B選項(xiàng)“知道如何對(duì)付這種疾病”；C選項(xiàng)“配備了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備”都不是主要原因，只有D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常與他人交流”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.（他設(shè)計(jì)了自己復(fù)雜而詳細(xì)的治療方案。）”；第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。他繼續(xù)提供醫(yī)療咨詢……）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“制定自己的治療方案”；C選項(xiàng)“提供醫(yī)療咨詢”和D選項(xiàng)“與許多人交流”說(shuō)法正確，文章都有提及，而A選項(xiàng)“治療了很多癌癥患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.（洛迪什說(shuō)，他自己想活下去的決心，在一定程度上來(lái)自于他長(zhǎng)期治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這些患者常常覺得確診就等于判了死刑。）”，該段落只說(shuō)了Dr.Lodish想活下去的決心來(lái)自治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并沒有直接說(shuō)他治療了很多癌癥患者，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnot（）uptoclosescrutiny.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hold

B.stand

C.come

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查standuptoclosescrutiny“經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢查”。句意：他的論點(diǎn)經(jīng)不起推敲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sky

B.pan

C.house

D.dark

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。aflashinthepan“曇花一現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，多用來(lái)形容某事持續(xù)時(shí)間短”。句意：尼克的新小說(shuō)證明他并不是曇花一現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timeworkorelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequatefortheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering.

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty.

C.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpicture/ofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities.

D.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

B.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

C.povertyhasincreasedsincethe1930’s

D.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

B.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

C.Thelaborforceshouldberestructuredsothatitcorrespondstotherangeofjobvacancies.

D.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor

D.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要討論的內(nèi)容可由第一段結(jié)尾和第二段開頭得知“…sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.（因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。然而，我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也在很多方面低估了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相關(guān)困難的程度。）”。由此可知文章主要講述了為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的。A選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的病態(tài)，導(dǎo)致了痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)“為什么收入衡量在衡量貧困程度上不精確”；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)如何不清楚地說(shuō)明低工資和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不足所造成的困難程度”；D選項(xiàng)“目前使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)程序中，哪一種是估計(jì)失業(yè)造成的困難發(fā)生率的最佳方法”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners（今天失業(yè)造成的影響不及20世紀(jì)30年代那般嚴(yán)重，那時(shí)失業(yè)的都是養(yǎng)家糊口的人）”，由此可推斷出在那個(gè)時(shí)候失業(yè)對(duì)一個(gè)家庭而言就意味著吃住問題得不到解決，現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的影響比那時(shí)候小得多。A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)現(xiàn)在的影響不那么嚴(yán)重了”正確；B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，更多的人失業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)貧困戶增加了”；D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在更需要社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.主旨大意題。聯(lián)系71題可知作者提出的問題為“為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的”，所以A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制定新的統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)來(lái)衡量失業(yè)和報(bào)酬不足造成痛苦的程度”最能回應(yīng)該問題；B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該考慮到統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可以作為他們聲稱要測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象的部分原因的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)調(diào)整，使其與職位空缺范圍相適應(yīng)”；D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該建立使用多種方法的創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目來(lái)降低失業(yè)水平”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句話“Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.（失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)排除了數(shù)百萬(wàn)完全就業(yè)的工人，他們的工資太低，以至于他們的家庭仍然處于貧困之中。）”，由此可知失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“一群低薪工人失業(yè)期的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)工人可能從多個(gè)工作中獲得收入的可能性”；D選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)記錄制度，使匯編貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字成為可能”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)”正確，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.（貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)中統(tǒng)計(jì)的大多數(shù)人是老年人、殘疾人或因家庭責(zé)任而無(wú)法進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的人，因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。）”。A選項(xiàng)“短期內(nèi)貧困人口數(shù)量的增加可能意味著就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的短缺，因?yàn)闊o(wú)法接受就業(yè)的基本人數(shù)大致保持不變”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于那些因失業(yè)而陷入貧困的人，有提供最低生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”；C選項(xiàng)“貧窮統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字與收入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字并不一致，因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)都被視為衡量失業(yè)造成的困難的指標(biāo)”都不符合題意，沒有表達(dá)作者的批評(píng)，D選項(xiàng)“老年人和殘疾人類別包括許多以前在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)工作的人”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theword“這個(gè)詞；某個(gè)特定的詞或話”；B選項(xiàng)words“歌詞，臺(tái)詞，談話，言語(yǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)word“消息，音信，謠言，傳說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)thewords“特指某些單詞”。句意：她發(fā)生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itishardformetosurviveinthepoliticalsnake（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hutch

B.hole

C.hive

D.pit

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)hutch“籠；小屋；貯藏箱；礦車”；B選項(xiàng)hole“洞，孔；洞穴，穴；突破口”；C選項(xiàng)hive“蜂巢，蜂箱；蜂群；（喻）充滿繁忙人群的場(chǎng)所”；D選項(xiàng)pit“礦井；深坑；陷阱；凹陷；正廳后排；正廳后排的觀眾”。snakepit“蛇坑”，用來(lái)形容恐怖的地方，混亂的局面。句意：對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，在混亂的政治局面里求生存很艱難。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰，無(wú)痛”；B選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞，疲乏，雜役”；C選項(xiàng)vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸塵器”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開，許可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲勞”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一擊，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與同情疲勞作斗爭(zhēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項(xiàng)haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項(xiàng)poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個(gè)陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

The（）inDavid’scharacterhashinderedhimfromadvancinginhiscareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.shortcoming

C.demerit

D.defect

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱點(diǎn)，或體制、組織、設(shè)計(jì)等方面的缺陷（強(qiáng)調(diào)弱點(diǎn)）”；B選項(xiàng)shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用復(fù)數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)demerit“是很正式的詞語(yǔ)，表示事物的缺點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)defect“指事物的缺點(diǎn)或人性格上的缺點(diǎn)，一般指較大的缺點(diǎn)、缺陷?！蹦衬橙说膕hortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那個(gè)人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用來(lái)指人的缺點(diǎn)；weakness可以用在人以外的東西上。句意：大衛(wèi)性格上的缺陷阻礙了他在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法?！斑^(guò)去分詞+asitis(was)”“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于lying為lie的現(xiàn)在分詞，故用“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”這個(gè)句型，此句相當(dāng)于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤礦位于深山深處，所以必須從深谷里運(yùn)來(lái)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助動(dòng)詞替代。題干中的as作為連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“像……一樣”。根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則，從句中應(yīng)填入實(shí)義動(dòng)詞had，但主句中已有了一個(gè)have，為了避免重復(fù)，可用助動(dòng)詞did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用來(lái)代替studied)．像列寧那樣學(xué)習(xí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.propitious

B.precipitant

C.propensitious

D.frivolous

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；吉利的；順利的”；B選項(xiàng)precipitant“急促的；匆忙的；突如其來(lái)的；輕率的”；C選項(xiàng)propensitious不存在；D選項(xiàng)frivolous“無(wú)聊的；輕佻的；瑣碎的”。句意：1982年8月17日簽署的一份聯(lián)合公報(bào)制止了華盛頓和北京之間關(guān)系的急劇惡化，但一如既往地似乎承諾了更多的東西。precipitous“險(xiǎn)峻的；急躁的，魯莽的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

直到不久前，韓國(guó)以外還很少有人知道“江南”這個(gè)位于首爾東南部的一個(gè)上流社區(qū)，這里的居民數(shù)量約占首爾人口總數(shù)的5%。然后，樸載相橫空出世。更具體地說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是這位韓國(guó)流行歌手的單曲《江南Style》橫空出世。這首歌今年夏季在YouTube上紅透半邊天。整個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是模仿它的視頻，從澳大利亞到秘魯都有以《江南Style》為主題的快閃活動(dòng)；喝著燒酒簽下美國(guó)唱片合約，占據(jù)美國(guó)電視黃金時(shí)段；甚至還有人深入分析騎馬舞。但對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，那個(gè)老問題仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么樣的？江南區(qū)不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小眾的精品時(shí)裝店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街區(qū)。在這里你會(huì)找到前衛(wèi)的國(guó)際品牌概念商店，還有本土?xí)r裝大牌。這里的商店都價(jià)格不菲，但要像樸載相所說(shuō)的那樣“穿得優(yōu)雅、舞得奔放”，就得花這個(gè)代價(jià)。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首爾江南區(qū)修道山上，是韓國(guó)歷史最悠久的寺廟之一。盡管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超過(guò)了佛教，但在16世紀(jì)中葉，在普雨(Bowoo)大禪師的指導(dǎo)下，奉恩寺作為韓國(guó)主要的禪宗佛教中心開始興旺起來(lái)。如果你想獲得一些點(diǎn)化，可以參加一個(gè)為期兩天的住寺活動(dòng)，主要是一些修身養(yǎng)性的活動(dòng)，比如齋飯、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

16.單選題

Redeemingyourcarfromthe（）canbeexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.base

B.pound

C.ground

D.parkinglot

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)base“基底；基礎(chǔ)；基地；基本成分”；B選項(xiàng)pound“英鎊；重?fù)?；違章停車車輛扣留場(chǎng)；流浪狗收留所”；C選項(xiàng)ground“地面；土地；范圍；戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)parkinglot“停車場(chǎng)”。句意：從車管所贖回被扣的汽車可能要花很多錢。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

ThomasJefferson’sachievementsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributions（）apolitician.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.such

B.than

C.as

D.more

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句式。As…as…“與……一樣”。句意：托馬斯?杰斐遜作為建筑師的成就與他作為政治家的貢獻(xiàn)不相上下。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Lookingback,it’shardtocomprehendhowtheTasmaniansettlerscouldhavebeensocavalieraboutthetiger’sbiologicaluniqueness—soheedlessoftheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extempore

B.offhand

C.infunctionate

D.disconcerting

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extempore“當(dāng)場(chǎng)的，即席的”；B選項(xiàng)offhand“隨便的；即時(shí)的；無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的；即席的”，C選項(xiàng)infunctionate不存在；D選項(xiàng)disconcerting“令人不安的；打擾人的”。句意：回顧過(guò)去，很難理解塔斯馬尼亞的定居者怎么會(huì)對(duì)老虎的生物獨(dú)特性如此漫不經(jīng)心——如此無(wú)視后果。cavalier“傲慢的；漫不經(jīng)心的；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，意為“如……一樣，像……一樣”等；as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的