直接引語變間接引語講解

直接引語變間接引語講解第一頁，共26頁。直接引語：直接引述別人的原話.直接引語的前后必須加引號(hào)。間接引語：轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語前后不加引號(hào)。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句直接引語與間接引語的定義第二頁，共26頁。媽媽說:”杰克是個(gè)好工人“.Mothersaid:”Jackisagoodworker.”媽媽說杰克是個(gè)好工人。MothersaidthatJackwasagoodworker直接引語：間接引語Directspeech:Indirectspeech:第三頁，共26頁。一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：

口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

第四頁，共26頁?！岸S賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

第五頁，共26頁。“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.第六頁，共26頁。二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；

Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)

She

said,"He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.第七頁，共26頁。

注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)

不變①直接引語是客觀真理。The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

told

me

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.第八頁，共26頁。④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：He

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

toPeter

said.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→He

said

he

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→Peter

said

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.第九頁，共26頁。三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,

yesterday變?yōu)?/p>

the

day

beforetoday變?yōu)閠hatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，

here變there

Theteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”

→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”

例：this

改為thatHe

said,

"This

books

is

mine.“

→He

said

that

book

was

his.

ago—before;thismorning—thatmorningYesterday—thedaybefore;tomorrow—thenextdaynextweek—thefollowingweek/thenextweekYesterdaymorning—themorningbefore謂語動(dòng)詞的變化:直接引語:Must;Come;bring間接引語:hadto;go;takeShesaid,"Iwillcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening第十頁，共26頁。1、直接引語中的時(shí)間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：2、直接引語中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：3、直接引語中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語中用go:4、直接引語中副詞here在間接引語中用there：5、如果是在當(dāng)天或在原地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)，則上述時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語一律不變：注意！thisthatthesethose第十一頁，共26頁。直接引語轉(zhuǎn)間接引語其他部分變化hereoverheretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlastweek/month/year…nextweek/month/year……agothedayaftertomorrowthisthesecomebringthereovertherethatnightthenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaytheweek/moth/year…before…thenextweek/month/year……beforetwodayslaterthatthosegotake第十二頁，共26頁。（1）Shesaid“I’llcomethisevening.”

Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.（2）Mysistersaidtome,“I’mleavingtomorrow.”

Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenextday.

（3）Hesaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”

Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnotthere

then.（4）Nancysaid,”Iamveryhappytoday.”

Nancysaid(that)shewasveryhappythatday.1.直接引語是陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法

引導(dǎo)詞為:語序:that不變(that可省略)四、如何變句型第十三頁，共26頁。Whendoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhenhehadmath.2.特殊疑問句直接引語變間接引語陳述句語序（即主語在前，謂語在后）第十四頁，共26頁。“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeIwasdoing.what第十五頁，共26頁。“WhydoyoulikeEnglish?”HeaskedmeIlikedEnglishwhy第十六頁，共26頁。“Wheredoeshelive?”Sheaskedmehelived.where第十七頁，共26頁。Doyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhehadmath.3.一般疑問句直接引語變間接引語注意：與or或ornot連用時(shí)，不用if，要用whether.陳述句語序（即主語在前，謂語在后）第十八頁，共26頁?！癉oyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeIknewhername.Whether/if是否第十九頁，共26頁。Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaythepianoyoucanplaythepiano.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhecouldplaythepiano.第二十頁，共26頁。“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedmeIcouldhelpher.Whether/if第二十一頁，共26頁。Areyouateacher?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouareateacheryouareateacher.hewasTheyaskedhimwhetherhewasateacher.第二十二頁，共26頁?！癆reyouready?”SheaskedmeIwasready.Whether/if第二十三頁，共26頁。4.直接引語是祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法

間接引語應(yīng)改為

“tell(ask,order等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。

Shesaid,“Don’ttalk.”SheaskedthechildrenShesaid,“Bequiet.”SheaskedmeShesaid,“Putupyouhandsifyouhaveanyquestions.Shetoldustoputupourhandsifwehadanyquestions.tobequiet.nottotalk.第二十四頁，共26頁。Exercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.3.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______methertheday______.4.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.5.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestedin______.6.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.