unit-3 The Rite of Spring公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

UnitThree

TheRiteofSpringUnitThree

TheRiteofSpring

MainContentsBackgroundinformationTheauthorTextanalysisDetailedstudyWordStudyGrammarpointsOralworkBackgroundinformation---gardeningGardeningisgenerallyregardedasahobby,apastime.Manylittlebooksaswellasessaystellpeoplehowtogrowtomatoes,beans,cucumbers['kju?k?mb?(r)],etc.,intheirprivategardens.But,likemanyotherhumanactivities,gardeningoftenhassymbolicmeaningfordifferentpeople.(Forinstance,inourculture,itisoftencomparedtotherearingofchildren,soteachersareoftencalled“gardeners.”)AComparisonBetweenTheRiteofSpringAndMandela'sGarden

NelsonMandela:afamousSouthAfricanleaderwhostruggledagainstapartheid[?'pɑ?ta?t](種族隔離）inSouthAfrica.Gardeningisassociatedwithhisrevolutionaryworkandstruggle,offeringhimsimplebutenduringsatisfactionwhenhewasinprison.Thesenseofbeingtheownerofthesmallpatchofearthgiveshimasmalltasteoffreedom.Andlikegardeners,revolutionaryleadersalsohavetotakeresponsibilityforwhattheycultivate,tryingtodrivebackenemiesandsavingwhatcanbesaved.ArthurMiller:awriter,giftedindescribingthebeautyofhumanactivitiesandexperiences.ArthurMillertellsus:1)howheacquiresuniquepleasurefromgardening;2)thatheenjoysthesatisfactionofbeingabletoimprove;3)thejoyofseeingthehealthygrowthofplants4)howgardeningremindspeopleofthedelicateandeasilyruinedEarth,etc.DifferencesandSimilaritiesSimilarities:Gardeninggivesthemsatisfaction,andmadethemstrongphysicallyandmentally.Theylearnedalotfromgardening.

However,thereerealsosomedifferencesbetweenthetwoessays.NelsonMandela：Gardeningoffershimtasteoffreedom,andithasbecomeametaphoroffreedom.What’smore,gardeninggiveshiminspirationonhowtobeagoodrevolutionaryleaderandhowtonourishimportanthumanrelationship.ArthurMiller:Whengardening,hemustannuallyturnhismindtowardallthework,andthefruitsofgardeningcansomehowreflectmovementsinone’sownspirits.Hefoundthatgardeningisamoraloccupation,itneedspatienceandresponsibility.Sogardeningisallaboutcharacterbuilding.Alloftheseshowedtheauthor’slovetothenature.Theauthor---ArthurMiller(1915-)

ArthurMillerwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamily（中產(chǎn)階級(jí)猶太家族）inNewYorkcity.Hisfatherwasaclothingmanufacturer,butinthegreatdepression(大蕭條時(shí)期）,hissuccessfulindustrywasruinedandhedidn'thavethemoneyforArthurMillerincollege.Millerhadtoworkinawarehousetoearnthemoneyforcollege.

ArthurMiller(1915-)

In1938,hereceivedabachelor'sdegree. In1940MillermarriedaCatholicgirl,MarySlattery,hiscollegesweetheart,withwhomhehadtwochildren.In1956,Miller,themanmarriedMarilynMonroe.In1962,ArthurmillermarriedanAustralianPhotographer.

OnFebruary10,,Millerdiedofheartfailureathomewhenhewas89.ArthurMillerandMarilynMonroe

MarilynMonroe（瑪麗蓮夢露）wasoneofthe20thcentury'smostfamousfilmactressinAmerica.AndshemetwithArthurMillerin1951.Theymarriedin1956.ItwasMiller’ssecondmarriage,anditwasMonroe’sthirdmarriage.

Unfortunately,theirmarriagehadonlymaintainforfiveyears,andtheydivorcedin1961.

ArthurMillerwoncountlessprizesinhiswholelife,including1949Pulitzerprize(普利策戲劇獎(jiǎng)）,twoNewYorktheatrecriticsawards（紐約戲劇評(píng)論獎(jiǎng)）,OlivierAwardforbestdrama.In1953,thecoldwarreacheditsclimax,millerwrotehismostfamousdrama“TheCrucible”(translatedas“煉獄”).HispurposeonwritingthisplayisinresponsetoMcCarthysenatorforso-calledcommunistpartysympathizersrepression.

AchievementsArthurMillerhasalmostdevotedhimselfinwriting,hisrepresentativeworksare《我兒子們》(Allmysons,1947)、《推銷員之死》(Deathofasalesman,1949)、《煉獄》（TheCrucible,1953）、《橋頭眺望》(AViewfromtheBridge,1955)《維系事件》(IncidentatVichy,1964)、《代價(jià)》(Theprice,1968)、《美國大鐘》(TheAmericanClock,1980))，etc.Eveninthe80yearsold,heisalsotheauthoroftheMonroealludetowork"thecompletepicture". AchievementsDeathofaSalesman

“DeathofaSalesman”wasadramaaboutasalesman，whowasaddictedtocapitalism（資本主義.Whenhewasold,hisbossfiredhimandhefeltdisillusioned.Togetahugeinsurance,hedroveoutatnightanddiedinatrafficaccident.

In1978ArthurmillerandhiswifecametovisitChina.ItwasCaoYu（曹禺）whoreceivedthem.In1983,“DeathofaSalesman”begantobeperformedinchina,andtheperformancewasverysuccessful.ThisdramawasthefirstforeigndramaperformedinChinaafterthe“CulturalRevolution”（文化大革命）.Italmostbecameoneofthemostimportantevents,whichhelpstosoftentheossified（僵化）relationshipbetweenChinaandAmericainthehistory.TextAnalysisStructureoftheTextPart1(Paras.1--2):

Part2(Paras.3--10):Part3(Paras.11--12):GardeningasawayofcelebratingthecomingofspringReasonsforkeepingagardenGardeningenablespeopletostayhopefulforthefuture.

MajorpointsinthetextPart1(Paras.1--2):Gardeningasawayofcelebratingofthecomingofspring

Thewriterpointsoutwhyhestartsagarden---notforloveofvegetablesbutasawayofembracingspring,whichisaseasonofrevival.

MajorpointsinthetextPart2(Paras.3--10)Reasonsforkeepingagarden1)Ingardening,onehastomakechoicesandlearnbytrialanderror.(Paras3-4)2)Gardeningremindsusofthedelicacyandbountifulnessofourplanet.(Para5)

Majorpointsinthetext3)

Atruegardenershouldhaveasenseofresponsibility.(Paras6-8)A)Gardeningrequirescareandlove.(Para6)B)Gardeningrequirespatienceandpersistence.(Para7)C)Gardeninginvolveslearningfromone’sownmistakes.(Para8)Majorpointsinthetext4)Gardeninghelpscharacterbuilding.(Paras9-10)A)Thegrowthofplanetsissimilartothespiritualgrowthofman.(Para9)B)Gardeningentailsstrivingasinotherhumanactivities.(Para10)Part3(Paras.11--12)Gardeningenablespeopletostayhopefulforthefuture.DetailedStudy1.Whenyouthinkhoweasyandcheap,relatively,itistobuyabunchofcarrotsorbeets,whyraisethem?(para1)Ellipticalsentence.Thecompletesentenceshouldbe“Whydoweraisethem?”e.g.Whygotheretoday?Whysleeponthefloor?Whytellmenow?2.Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.(para1)

atwork(here):havingaparticulareffectorinfluence.e.g.Wemustunderstandthatthereisstillastronganti-formforceatwork.Withcoldwarmentalitystillatwork,bothsidesmaymisjudgethepresentsituation.因?yàn)槔鋺?zhàn)思維影響，雙方有可能會(huì)對(duì)局勢產(chǎn)生誤判。PhysicallyhardandtiringPretendingthatsomethingisrealorthatasituationisbetterthanitreallyis3.Asitis,though,IcannotdenythatwhenAprilcomesIfindmyselfgoingouttoleanonthefenceandlookatthatmiserableplotofland,resolvingwithallmyrationalpowernottoplantitagain.(Para2)Although,asitturnsout/inreality(即使實(shí)際上)e.g.Ihadhopedtocompletemyessaytoday,asitis,though,IamafraidIwon’tbeabletofinishituntiltheendoftheweek.Weknowhowimportantitistochangeoureconomicpolicy.Asitis,though,westillputtoomuchemphasisuponGDP.4.Andthesunmeansbusiness,suddenly,andhasadifferent,deeperyellowinitsbeamsonthecarpet.(Para2)tobeveryseriousaboutsthyouhavetodo.Andthesunseemstobequiteseriousanditsbeamslookabitdifferentfrombefore.e.gThistime,wemeanbusinesswhenwesaythatwewillimproveourbankingsystem.---Issheseriouswhenshesaysshe’llquitherpresentjob?---yes,Ithinkshemeansbusiness.5.…thewormsaredeliciouslywormingtheirwaythroughthemeltingsoil.(Para2)tomovelikeawormMoreverbslikethis:Foodpricesrocketedtoanewheightandmanypeoplecomplained.Asmallpathsnakedthroughthetreesandupthehill.Thetrainthunderedpastatthatmoment.Theboytriedtothreadthroughthebigcrowd.Theshoeflewtowardshim.Luckilyheduckedhisheadintime.Shenoticedthatacarhadbeentailingher.6.Butblackplasticlookssoindustrial,sounromantic,thatIhavegraduallymovedovertohaymulch.(Para4)Changedto/shiftedtoParaphrase:Butblackplasticlookssounnatural(becauseitismadeinfactories)anduglythatIhavegraduallyshiftedtohaymulch.Notethedifferencesofthefollowingwords:hay:longgrass,cutanddriedforfeedinganimals;reed:atall,thinplantthatgrowsnearwater,oftenusedformakingthings;weed:aplantyoudon’twant7.Keepingagardenmakesyouawareofhowdelicate,bountiful,andeasilyruinedthesurfaceofthislittleplanetis.(Para5)fruitful/generousParaphrase:Ifyoukeepagarden,itwillhelpyourealizehowgenerousthelandoftheearthistousandhoweasilydamageditis.delicate(here):easilydamagedorbroken

adelicatebubbleofVenetianglass

ruin(here):tospoilordestroysomethingcompletely

Therainruinedourholiday.

8.Inthat50-by-70-footpatchtheremustbeadozendifferenttypesofsoil.Tomatowon’tgrowinonepartbutlovesanother,andthesamegoesfortheothercrops.(Para5)50-foot-wideand70-foot-longe.g.Studentswillnotworkhardunlesstheyhaveasenseofachievement.Thisgoesfortheteacher,too.Ifyouwantotherstotakeyouasafriend,youmustshowthemyourrespectandunderstanding.Thisgoesforinternationalrelationsaswell.Thesameappliesto/istrueforsb/sth9.Isupposeifyouloadedthesoilwithchemicalfertilizerthesedifferenceswouldbelessnoticeable,Iuseitsparinglyandonlyinrowsrightwhereseedsareplantedratherthanbroadcastoverthewholearea.(Para5)spreadoverParaphrase:Isupposeifyouusealargequantityofchemicalfertilizeronthesoil,thesedifferenceswouldnotbesoobvious(wouldbecoveredup);butIuseitverycarefullyandonlyinwheretheseedsareplantedinsteadofspreadingitoverthewholepatch.sparing(with):usingorgivingonlyalittleofsomething

There’snotmuchshampooleft,sobesparingwithit.

10.Insomecases,aswithbeansandcucumbers,yourchildren---asitwere,begintoturnuponyouinmassivenumbers,growingmoreandmoreeachmorningandthreateningtofollowyouintothehousetostrangleyouintheirvines.(Para6)Asyoumightsay.Itisusedformakingadescriptionsoundlessdefiniteorlessexact,‘能夠說’

e.g.Foryearstheblindmanonlyhadthisdogtokeephimcompany.Itwas,asitwere,hislittlebrother.Note:theword‘strangle’heredoesn’treallymeantochokehimtodeath.Heissayingthesenumerousbeansandcucumbersarelikenaughtyandplayfulchildren,strugglingtoembracehimatthesametime,makinghimalmosthardtobreathe.

11.Shelooksaboutskeptically.Herfavoritetaskisbindingthetomatoplantstostakes.(Para8)Looksaround“Stake”heremeansawoodenormetalpostwithapointedendusedforsupportingormakingsth.,樁，柱Othermeaningsof‘stake’:Themajoritystakeisstillinthehandsofthegovernment.（股權(quán)）Wecannotletitpassbecausethefutureofourcompanyisatstake.（處于危險(xiǎn)當(dāng)中）Youcan’taffordtolosebecausethestakesaretoohigh.（賭注）

11.Shelooksaboutskeptically.Herfavoritetaskisbindingthetomatoplantstostakes.(Para8)

Paraphrase:Shelooksarounddoubtfullytoseeifsomethinggoeswrong.Andshelikesmosttobindthetomatoestowoodenstakessothattheywouldnotbenddownwardduetotheweightofthefruits.12.Insomepocketofthemindtheremayevenbeatendencytochangethisvisionintoapersonalreassurancethatallthishealthygrowth,thisorderlinessandthrustinglifemustsomehowreflectmovementsinone’sownspirit.(Para9)Asmallareadifferentfromtheareasaroundit,“corner”.e.g.Therearestillsomepocketsofthecitywhichareextremelypoor.changethisvisionintoapersonalreassurancethat..:whenIseethisbeautifulview,Ifeelcertainthat…Paraphrase:WheneverIseethisbeautiful,well-organizedandarrangedgardenwhichisfulloflifeandwhereeverythingisgrowingsovigorously,Ifeelscertainthatthereissomethingsimilarinmymind.13.Asitis,Aprilisforgettingirritatedalloveragainatthispointless,time-consuminghobby.Idonotunderstandpeoplewhoclaimto“l(fā)ove”gardening.(Para10)asecondtimefromthebeginningpointless,time-consuming:

Noticeagainthatthetwowordsareusuallyusedinanegativesense.Asinpara6,theauthoruses“neurotic”tohidehisintenseinterestandfullappreciationofthesignificanceofgardening.beirritatedat:tobeannoyedatandimpatientabout14.…andsoithastobeanarenawherestrivingdoesnotcease,butcontinuesbyothermeans..Paraphrase:…andsoagardenturnstobeastageorfieldwhereoneshowsthathisefforttoachievesomethingneverstops.(Orputitanotherway,agardenisameansofdisplayinghisceaselessstruggle.)othermeans:otherwaysormethods.Noticethatthespellingdoesn’tchangewhenusedinthesingularform.Wesay“ameansof”insteadof“ameanof”.15.Onlythegardeneriscapableofendlesslyrevivingsomuchhopethatthisyear,regardlessofdrought,flood,typhoon,orhisownstupidity,thisyearheisgoingtodoitright!(Para11)Paraphrase:Onlythegardeneriscapableofcontinuouslyfindingback(orbringingback)thehopeandbelievingthatthisyearheisgoingtodoitcorrectly,inspiteofthepossibledifficulties---suchasdrought,flood,typhoonormistakeshewillpossiblymake.WordStudy1beam1)noun:light，alineoflightthatshinesfromabrightobjecteg:Wecouldjustpickoutthepathintheweakbeamoftheflashlight.2)verb：tosendoutabeamoflight,oranelectricalorradiosignal,etc輻射，發(fā)光eg:Theconcertwasbeamedbysatetelliteallovertheworld.

2.ceasev.

(formal)tostopdoingsthorstophappening

cease(doing)sth

e.g.Thecompanyceasedtradingat6pmtoday.Itrainedalldaywithoutceasing.cease

sthe.g.Thecommitteedecidedtoceasefinancialsupport.ceasetodosthe.g.Mostpeoplehavealreadyceasestoobeythecurfew宵禁.ceasetoexiste.g.Thetownhaslongsinceceasedtoexist.ceasefire:pensationn.

(compensatoryadj.;compensatev.)1)pensationforinjuriesatworkincompensatione.g.Theplanewascancelled,andallwegotincompensationwasafreemeal.ascompensatione.g.Theworkersweregiven30day’spayascompensation.paysbcompensation/paycompensationtosb.e.g.Theideaisthatcriminalsshouldpaycompensationtotheirvictims.seek/claimcompensation:askofficiallyforcompensationaward/grantcompensation:paycompensation2)sththatmakesasadoranunpleasantsituationbetterorhappiere.g.Oneofthecompensationsofbeingunemployedwasseeingmoreofthefamily.bywayofcompensation:inordertomakeasituationbettere.g.Bywayofcompensation,heofferedtotakeheroutforameal.4conflictn.1)Astateofdisagreementorargumentbetweenpeople,groups,countries;e.g.seriouspoliticalconflicts;theconflictbetweentraditionandinnovation

beinconflictwithsb.

comeintoconflictwithsb2)Asituationinwhichyouhavetochoosebetweentwoormoreoppositeneeds;e.g.aconflictbetweenthedemandsofone’sworkandone’sfamily3)fightingorawar;e.g.aviolentconflictarmedconflict4)conflictofinterest/interests:asituationinwhichdifferentpeoplewantdifferentthingsconflictv.(﹢withsth):iftwoideas,beliefs,opinionsetc.conflict,theycannotexisttogetherorbothbetruee.g.Whathesaidconflictswiththepoliceevidence.conflictingopinions/demands/interests/advice5cultivatev.1)toprepareanduselandforgrowingcropsandplantse.g.Someofthelandisimpossibletocultivate.2)todevelopaparticularskillorqualitye.g.Thecompanyhavebeensuccessfulincultivatingaveryprofessionalimage.cultivatedadj.:sbwhoiscultivatedisintelligentandknowsalotaboutmusic,art,literatureetc.;civilizedcultivationn.theplantingandgrowingofplantsandcropscultivatorn.(formal):someonewhogrowscropsorplants,especiallyafarmer;atoolormachinethatisusedtoprepareandforgrowingcrop

6delicateadj.1)(ofsth.)easilydamagedorbroken;fragile;e.g.adelicateglass;delicatechinateacups2)(ofsth.)needingtobedealtwithcarefullyinordertoavoidproblems;e.g.Thenegotiationsareatadelicatestage.

3)(ofaperson)easilyhurtoreasilybecomeill;e.g.adelicatechild4)(ofapartofsb’sbody)attractiveandgracefule.g.Helookeddownatherlongdelicatefingers.5)(oftaste,smell,color)pleasantandnotstronge.g.adelicateshadeofblue;adelicateflavour

7miserableadj.1)veryunhappyoruncomfortableeg:Shehadamiserablelifeonherowninshewasyoung.2)lowvalue,havinglittlevalueorqualityeg:Sheonlyofferedmeamiserable20poundsformyoldcomputer.8pointlessadj.1)withoutanypurposeormeaning:e.g.apointlesswasteofmoneyLifejustseemedsopointless.Wemustputanendtothe

pointless

conflict

2)notlikelytohaveanyusefulresulte.g.Ithinkitispointlesstodiscussthisissue.Itispointlesstellinghertocleanherroom—shewillneverdoit.9reflectv.1)(ofasurfaceofsth)throwsbackthelightetcthathitsite.g.Whiteclothesarecoolerbecausetheyreflecttheheat.Shecouldseeherfacereflectedinthewater.2)toshoworbeasignofaparticularsituationorfeelinge.g.ThelowvalueofthedollarreflectsgrowingconcernabouttheUSeconomy.Thisletterreflectshowyoureallyfeel.reflecton/upon:toinfluencepeople’sopinionofsborsth,especiallyinabadwaye.g.Theeconomicrecordreflectsbadlyongovernmentpolicy.10resolvev.1)tofindasatisfactorywayofdealingwithaproblemordifficulty;settlee.g.Intensiveeffortsarebeingmadetoresolve

thedispute.2)tomakeadefinitedecisiontodosth.:resolvetodosth;e.g.Afterthedivorcesheresolvednevertomarryagain.resolvethatclausee.g.He

resolved

thatnothingshouldholdhimback.

3)tomakeaformaldecision,especiallybyvotinge.g.TheSenateresolvedtoacceptthePresident’sbudgetproposalby70votesto30.4)oitsdifferentpartse.g.Wecan

resolve

theproblemintomoreelementaryitems.Themixturewill

resolve

intothreesimplesubstances.resolven.

(formal)strongdeterminationtosucceedindoingsth.e.g.Nothingcanweakenhis

resolve

tobecomealawyer.Hemadeafirm

resolve

togiveupgambling.11ruinv.1)todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesitallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.e.g.Therainruinedmypainting.Hernervousnessthreatenstoruinthewholeidea.2)tomakesb/sthlosealltheirmoney,theirpositione.g.Thecountrywasruinedbythewar.Heruinedhisprospectsbycarelessness.ruinn.Hisrashnessledultimatelytohisruin.12riten.1)aceremonythatisalwaysperformedinthesameway,(usuallyforreligiouspurpose);e.g.Atraditionalritewasperformedatharvesttimeeveryyear.funeralrites;2)riteofpassage:aspecialceremonythatisasignofanewstageinsb’slife,especiallywhenaboystartstobecomeaman3)lastrites:finalprayersorreligiousceremoniesforsb.whoisdyinge.g.Apriestcametogivehimthelastrites.13tendencyn.1)aprobabilitythatyouwilldevelop,think,orbehaveinacertainway(+to/towards)havethetendencytodosth./towardssth.e.g.

Hehasa

tendency

towardspessimism.Bobhasa

tendency

toexaggeratethings.2)particularskills,weaknessordesiresthatmakesb.behaveinaparticularwaye.g.kidswithcriminaltendencies;

artistictendencies藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)anarchic[?'nɑ?k?k]tendencies無政府主義傾向3)

ageneralchangeordevelopmentinaparticulardirection

(+forsb.todosth.;to/towardssth.)e.g.Thereisa

tendency

towardsregionalcooperation.

Thereisagrowing

tendency

forpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices14beatwork:comeintoeffect/playeg.Politicalmanoeuvrings[m?‘nu:v?r??]couldwellbeatwork.政治布署也可能正在起作用。Unknownforceswereatworktooverthrowthegovernment.

15back-breaking:(ofphysicalwork)veryhardandtiringeg.Cleaningisaback-breakingworkforme.GrammarPointsAnounclauseisaclausethatfunctionsasanoun.Nounsclausescanbeused:1)as(direct)objectofverbs;2)afterthelinkverbbeaspredicative;3)afteranadjectivesuchas(apersonis)sure,certain,positive,(itis)amazing,strange,funny,ect.;4)assubject;5)aftercertainprepositionsasobject

1Noun-clausesintroducedbywh-words

(ExercisesonP76)2Thegerund(ExercisesonP77)Thefollowingsentencesillustratesomeusesofgerundclauses.1Swimming

isfun.(gerundas

subject

)2Ilike

swimming.(gerundas

directobject)