2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案

72019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit."AmIinthis?"heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,"Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief."Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.The"ignorantnatives"mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssought"pure"picturesof"primitive"cultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonly"kindly"visionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionof"anidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict."LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.練習題Themainideaofthepassageis.PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners'perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.WecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoftentookpictureswiththenativesgaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelandsaskforpicturesfromthenativesgavethenativesclocksandWesterndressesTheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato.showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto.theindigenousculturetheWesternculturetheacademicculturethenewsbusinesscultureWithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.答案及解析答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners'perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時，為了不與西方讀者的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平較為落后的社會中人們的生活。他們經(jīng)常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟不發(fā)達的，有異域風情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經(jīng)濟落后社會的畫面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands解析：文章第二段說，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.可見早期到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。在照相機發(fā)明之后，科學(xué)家能更好地客觀反映那些遠方地區(qū)的真實情況。答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》（導(dǎo)演：DAVIDLEAN）中的一個片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關(guān)系。作者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，那里的人們對現(xiàn)代的文明，和從沒見過的現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物容易產(chǎn)生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機，因為他懷疑，那從未見過的玩意兒會偷走他的“美好品德（VIRTUE）”但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔心并非全無道理。因為西方的記者和學(xué)者們，為了描繪一個西方人心目中固有的土著社會（或者經(jīng)濟發(fā)展欠發(fā)達社會）的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級的趣味。在短文中，作者有時候并不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌，書籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文章都會開門見山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當成對文章大意的總結(jié)。答案是[A]theindigenousculture解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章切入主題的重點句?？忌鷳?yīng)該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞（例如，HOWEVER，BUT，NEVERTHELESS，NONETHELESS等）開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統(tǒng)論點，或者普遍看法的關(guān)鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說是那個盯視著照相機的（被拍攝的）文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機的（西方）文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方攝影者的偏見和對落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價值觀，并不是完全真實客觀的那些不發(fā)達社會的寫照。這句話基本上是對文章中心意思的總結(jié)。如果對文章的主題有大致的認識，就不會將本題選錯。答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們在書中寫道，《國家地理》雜志自從1888年創(chuàng)刊以來，就一直刊登那些不和美國中產(chǎn)階級白人的價值觀發(fā)生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象她們認為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現(xiàn)的，似乎是相對而言沒有痛苦的，也不存在階級斗爭的社會。因此答案CThewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties（西方媒體并沒有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實畫面）最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點。2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案（12）TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.ThebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactoriianloriginT.herearefamilial,religiousa,ndculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisioanndthemarketplace.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofsociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositivethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablmeethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionfoimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelythereartroublingi,finconclusived,atathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.ThecreationofapervasiveinstitutioncaulltureofintegritiysessentialI.tiscriticatlhattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutiosnetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheiexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfairF.inallyt,hetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.練習題Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?[A][B][C]Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.[A][B][C]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause.Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviour.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.答案及解析答案是［D］Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.解析：文章第一段說，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現(xiàn)象進行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那么［A］［B］［C］所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項。只有［D］的敘述正確。答案是［A］Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了，對醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅決打擊。［B］項說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原因。［C］醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府，［D］醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。答案是［A］Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.解析：［A］的內(nèi)容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在，原因是多方面的。學(xué)生在上醫(yī)學(xué)院之前受到的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項［A］的內(nèi)容。［B］［C］［D］的說法雖然都有道理，但是都過于絕對。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。Leading