1995-2006歷年考研英語

2006年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.]homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan'tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8 .Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16 .BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,'Therehastobe20ofprograms.What'sneededisapackagedeal.”[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore|A|stand [B|cope[C]approve[D]retain[A]in|B]for[C]with|D]toward[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep[A]generally[B]almost[C]hardly[D]not[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ|A]Nowthat|B|Although[C]Provided[D]Exceptthat[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss|A|Hence|B)But[C]Even(D]Only[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas|A|life[B|existence[C]survival[D]maintenanceIA]around|B]over[C]on(A)[D]up[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating[A]So[B]Since[C]As[DJThus[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordinationSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference/'Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis"thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference“characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto"acultureofconsumption"launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,"thesewerestores"anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact."Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat"amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish4well'or'verywell'aftertenyearsofresidence."ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish."Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard"forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bomAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.**Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation'sassimilativepower."AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today'ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.Theword“homogenizing"(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizingAccordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury.playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculturebecameintimateshopsforcommonconsumerssatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteoweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumptionThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S..areresistanttohomogenization[B|exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculturearehardlyathreattothecommoncultureconstitutethemajorityofthepopulationWhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.Torevealthepublic'sfearofimmigrants.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.Intheauthor'sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis.|A]rewarding|B|successful[C]fruitless|D|harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway'sCottage,Shakespeare'sbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC'sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It'salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus-andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside—don'tusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown'srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon'tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan'tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey'lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford'smostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)—lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat.thetownsfolkdenytheRSC'scontributiontothetown'srevenuetheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstagethetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsthetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourismItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.[A|thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparately[B|theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseersthesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoerstheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheaterBysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally"(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat.[A|Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects[B|StratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesthetownisnotreallyshortofmoneythetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaidAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause.ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespendingthecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedthebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptablethetheatreattendanceisontheriseFromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor.[A]issupportiveofbothsides|B|favorsthetownsfolk'sview[C]takesadetachedattitude|D|issympathetictotheRSCText3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.''Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedlargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattodayslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingonesWecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm'spaperthat.[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%|B|thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago|C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount|D|thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheoldBysaying"thesefiguresareconservative"(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthatfishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidlythecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded|C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossthedatacollectedsofarareoutofdateDr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat.|A|peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertimefisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomasstheoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevelpeopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituationTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries,.[A]managementefficiency[B]biomasslevel[C]catch-sizelimits [D]technologicalapplicationText4Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists'onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn'talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth'sdaffodilstoBaudelaire'sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit'snotasifearliertimesdidn'tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda-tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable."Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It'samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthatpoetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusicartgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelingspoetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness|D]artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterestTheword“bummer"(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething.|A|religious |B|unpleasant|C]entertaining |D|commercialIntheauthor'sopinion,advertising.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyartisacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublicreplacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformationcreatesanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitselfWecanleamfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves.|A]happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness|B|theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshingmiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandeniedtheanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomyboomsWhichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouseinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser'sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls"electronicheroin"..In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliams'sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams'sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima"ceaseadmissions“l(fā)etter*.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being..TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:"Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit."Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams'ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas"helplesslyaddictedtogambling,"intentionallyworkedto"lure"himto"engageinconductagainsthiswill."Well..ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays"pathologicalgambling"involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.,Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.(45).Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton—youmightsayaddictedto-revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers'dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb'smostprofitablebusiness.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino'smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.[B|Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.DavidWilliams'ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon'tbetonit.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?1amgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerica.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerica,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(蘇格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals—theaveragescientist,forone.48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilemsaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties—heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.49)Buthis/r/