1986-2011年考研英語歷年真題答案

SectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,"whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth'ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth'stwin.”ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth's:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bomwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth'soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.VenusissimilartoEarthin.sizeanddensitydistancefromthesunhavingatmospherealloftheaboveThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto.allowustovisitthereunderstandEarthbetter[CJfindanewsourceofenergypromoteanewspaceprogramTblemsofspacetravelscientificmethodsinspaceexplorationtheimportanceofVenustoEarthconditionsonVenusText2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome'smainavenues.Italy'spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasocietywithoutviolence.^^Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen'sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining."Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,"saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly'spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly'stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.Theexpression"snakethroughcentralRome"probablymeans"tomovequietlythroughcentralRome."violentlythroughcentralRome."[CJinalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome."[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome."WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.About200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor.morejobopportunitiesagreatervarietyofjobs"equaljob,equalpay"bothAandBThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.TheRoleofWomenisSocietyWomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmploymentWomenasSelf-employedProfessionalsWomenandtheJobsMarketText3Theoldideathattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,I,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout“intheearlyyearsis.trueinallsensesrefutedbytheauthormedicallyprovenabeliefoftheauthorThesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto.findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadultsprovethattalentedchildren"bumthemselvesout"intheearlyyearsdiscoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegiftedprovethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesoutIntelligencetestsshowedthat.brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthybetweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligence[CJtalentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadults[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresSectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten_26_thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest_27_oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels"ATriptotheMoon"and"80DaysAroundtheWorld,"hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction_28_youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya_29_writer.In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe_30_shopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas_31—totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake_32—mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_33—theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma_34—partofpeople'sdiets.Foreigntravelwill_35—;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.[A]in[B]ofaboutfor[A]sensemeaningdetailimplication[A]forIB]ofontowards[A]today(BJnowadayspresent-daypresent[A]near[BJnearbynearlynearer[A]noisesoundtonetune[A]toawayoffover[A]than[B]aswhenwhile[A]usualpopulardailyregular[A]addincreaseraiseariseSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there's[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anythingAlicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofthem.Wewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theroad.John'schanceofbeingelected[AJchairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greaterthanDick[D].“Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[CJourenemy[D],Mthecaptainsaid.Therearemanyvaluableservices[A]whichthepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhichdoesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothecommunity.ThelawIamreferring[A]requirethateveryone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accidentinsurance.“Iconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobeinvitedtoaddress[C]themeetingofworld-famous[D]scientists,"saidProfessorLeacock.Hewasseeing[A]somebodycreeping[B]intothehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlastnight.Thereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeingmade[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousyet.Eventhough[A]thechildrenpretendedasleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when[D]theycameintotheroom.SectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedBuyingclothes(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative(send)totheconferenceonschedule.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas(instruct).Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate(hear)fromyousoon.I(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn't.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.Thelecture(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem(close)theirbooksunexpectedly.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses(havetodestroy).Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points).你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)核對全部資料,以避免嚴(yán)重錯誤。.盡管這個實(shí)驗(yàn)復(fù)雜,他們決心按時把它完成。. ?切跡象表明這個人對這里發(fā)生的情況毫無所知。.只有那些不怕困難的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。.這篇作品與其說是短篇小說,不如說更像是新聞報導(dǎo)。English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevs.nurture.,,(62)Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe"nurture^^theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybased

instinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersofthe“nature“theoryinsistthatwearebomwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon'tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(66)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.(67)IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(68)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Mostpeoplethinkneitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.1990年參考答案Structureand Vocabulary(15points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z[D] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [D] 5. [B]6. [C] 7. [B] 8. [B] 9. [D] 10. [C][B] 12. [AJ 13. [B] 14. IC] 15. [A]ReadingComprehension(20points)16. [D] 17. [B] 18. [C] 19. IC] 20. [BJ[D] 22. [B] 23. [B] 24. [A] 25. [C]ClozeTest(10points)[C] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [C] 30. [B][B] 32. [DJ 33. [A] 34. [D] 35. [B]Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)0.42.44.controlling37.[D]Dick's39.donotbringanhonor43.[C]suchaover41.[A]referringto[A]saw[DJhasnotbeenexplained45.[B]tobeasleep0.52.54.VerbForms(10points)is47.(should)besentinstructed49.hearingshouldhavecalled51.wouldnothavehadtofind53.havingbegunclose55.willhavetobedestroyedChinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)Youshouldcheckalldatathecarefullysoastoavoidseriousmistakes.Althoughtheexperimentiscomplicated,theyaredeterminedtofinishitontime.Allsignsshowedthatthemanknewnothingofwhathadhappenedhere.Onlythosewhoarenotafraidofanydifficultieshavethechanceofachievingoutstandingresultsintheirwork.Thispieceofwritingismorelikeanewsreportthanashortstory.English-ChineseTranslation(20points).他們想要說明,為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。.在這場爭論中,贊成“天性”一方的那些人認(rèn)為,我們的性格特征和行為模式大多是由生物因素所決定的。.這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話,也是微不足道的。.行為主義者堅信，人象機(jī)器ー樣，對環(huán)境的刺激作出反應(yīng),這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。.支持“天性”論的人堅持說，我們生來就具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)才能,這是由生物因素決定的。.行為主義者的看法是，如果一個兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境里成長，而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其作出適當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力,那么，這個兒童將會有更高的智力發(fā)展。67,在美國，黑人在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化智力測試中的成績常常低于白人。.相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，成績的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其它環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。1991年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Forachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(30points)Text1Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether-honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw-and,ultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities-smallertowns,usually-whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:"Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!',Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevilit'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutitit'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevilit'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevilAccordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,.societyistobeheldresponsiblemodemcivilizationisresponsibleforitthecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblamethestandardsoflivingshouldbeimprovedComparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave.lessself-disciplinebettersenseofdisciplinemoremutualrespectlesseffectivegovernmentThewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminalspeopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards[CJtoday'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficultypeopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivitiesThekeypointofthepassageisthat.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies[BJmoregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollowmorerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehaviormorepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountabilityText2Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver'slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschangedtheindustrializedsocietyismoredevelopedmoreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremadeceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance37.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto.graduationsfromschoolsandcollegessocialrecognitionsocio-economicstatuscertainbehavioralchangesNoonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis.elevenyearsoldsixteenyearsoldtwenty-oneyearsoldbetweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsoldStartingfrom22,.onewillobtainmorebasicrightstheolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhaveonewon'tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysocietyAccordingtothepassage,helate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexistednoonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver'slicenseoneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmyText3Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Darneshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahous