英國文學(xué)課件

SelectedreadingsInEnglishAndAmericanLitercaturesTracy_08232021/2/21SelectedreadingsInEnglishAPartoneOldandMedievalEnglishLiterature

1.OldEnglishPoetryand“Beowulf”(貝爾武夫)“Beowulf”→thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonandEnglishpeople→Alliteration(頭韻）2.MiddleEnglishLiteratureandtheCanterburyTales①TheRomance(describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero)②GeoffreyChaucer→the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”,→“TheCanterburyTales”isChaucer’smasterpiece(storiesnarratedbyPilgrims)→heintroducedrhymedcouplettoEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.(Couplet:Astanzaoftwolines,usuallyrhyming.)2021/2/22PartoneOldandMedievalEnglKingArthurArthurandHisRoundTableKnights2021/2/23KingArthur2021/2/23SirGawainandtheGreenKnights2021/2/24SirGawainandtheGreenKnighTheRenaissanceRenaissance(1485—1660)→TheBackground:thesocietywasinitstransitionfromthefeudalismtocapitalism.

→Revivalorrebirthofclassicalarts,cultureandphilosophyafterthedarkagesofmedieval→Thekeywordforitishumanism,emphasizedsecularconcerns,expresstheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie.→Shakespeare,Spenser,andMarloweareallfamousliteraryfiguresinthisperiod

2021/2/25TheRenaissanceRenaissance(14Utopia(socialism)ThedefinitionofUtopiais"noplace."ThomasMore(1478-1535)2021/2/26Utopia(socialism)ThomasMoreEdmundSpenser

(1552-1599)TheshepheardesCalwnderTheFaerieQueene2021/2/27EdmundSpenser

(1552-1599)2021ChristopherMarlowe

(1564-1593)1.Universitywits,thegreatestpioneerofEnglishdrama2.a)Tamburlaineb)DoctorFaustusc)thejewofmalta3.Verseconsistingofunrhymedlines,usuallyofiambicpentameter.無韻詩，素體詩2021/2/28ChristopherMarlowe

(1564-1593FrancisBacon培根

(1561-1626)2021/2/29FrancisBacon培根

(1561-1626)2II.Bacon’sworks“AdvancementofLearning”學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn):“NewInstrument”:新工具theinductivemethodofreasoning 3.“NewAtlantics”:anidealsociety新大西島4.“Essays”/58essays論說文集 Awidevarietyofsubjects:love,truth,friendship,beauty,studies,riches… Hisstyle:clearness,brevity,forceofexpression☆hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose2021/2/210II.Bacon’sworks2021/2/210WilliamShakespeare2021/2/211WilliamShakespeare2021/2/211thegreatestEnglishpoetanddramatist

①154sonnets,②37plays,including14comedies,12tragedies,and11historicalplays,③2longpoems.Butforsuchagreatwriter,wehaveverylittledefiniteknowledgeabouthislife.2021/2/212thegreatestEnglishpoetandShakespeare’sTragedies(1)Hamlet

(2)Othello

(3)KingLear(4)Macbeth

2021/2/213Shakespeare’sTragedies2021/2/

<TheMerchantofVenice>topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality(Shylock)<Hamlet>hesitatebetweenfactandfiction,languageandactionTobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction

Soliloquyormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters2021/2/214

<TheMerchantofVenice>toppoetry1.Narrativepoetry①theepic②theromance③popularballads

2.Lyricpoetry①theelegy:alyricpoemlamentingthedeathofanindividual.

②theode:alyricpoemofconsiderablelengthtosinginhonorapersonorathing.Itisseriousinsubjectandformalinstyle.3.Dramaticpoetry:dialogueinthedrama2021/2/215poetry1.Narrativepoetry2021/SonnetA14-lineverseformusuallyhavingoneofseveralconventionalrhymeschemes.Rhyme: ababcdcdefefgg3quatrains(3four-linestanza)+1couplet(2lines)2021/2/216SonnetA14-lineverseformusuTheperiodoftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution

→Historicalbackground:tworevolutions:puritanrevolutionandgloriousrevolutionthetransitionfromtheabsolutemonarchytoconstitutionalmonarchy→1.twoliteraryschoolsofpoets①theschoolofMetaphysical

②theschoolofCavaliers.

2.themostimportantpoet:JohnMilton2021/2/217TheperiodoftheEnglishBourMetaphysicalPoetry（玄學(xué)派詩歌)ItisthepoetryofJohnDonneandotherseventeenth-centurypoetswhowroteinasimilarstyle.disliketraditionalpoemScholar,Highlyabstractortheoretical;2021/2/218MetaphysicalPoetry（玄學(xué)派詩歌)2021JohnMilton約翰·彌爾頓

(1)thelastgreatpoems

ParadiseLost失樂園

ParadiseRegained復(fù)樂園

SamsonAgonistes.→Thetwomostessentialthings:Puritanismandhisrepublicanism.<ParadiseLost>→theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.→themainideaofthepoemisarevoltagainstGod’sauthority

→Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.

2021/2/219JohnMilton約翰·彌爾頓(1)thelaJohnBunyan(1628-1688)班揚(yáng)Puritanauthor

Hisbestknownwork,ThePilgrim'sProgress天路歷程areligiousallegory2021/2/220JohnBunyan(1628-1688)班揚(yáng)Puri18世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)CulturalBackground1.EnlightenmentMovement啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)⑴Aprogressiveintellectualmovement⑵Enlightenersconsidered“Enlightenment”or“education”ofthepeopletobetheirchiefobjective.⑶Theybelievedinthepowerofreason(theageofreason)⑷twogroups:①themoderate(Pope,Defoe,Addison)（溫和派）

→supporttheprinciplesoftheexistingsocialorder)②theradical(Swift,Fielding,Sheridan)（激進(jìn)派）→crisis→Sentimentalism（感傷主義）2021/2/22118世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)CulturalBackground1.18世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)Complex:Anageofprose(Addison’sessay\Swift’ssatire\Fielding’snovel)1.Neo-classicism新古典Arevivalinterestinoldclassicworks,order,logic→(Pope\Addison\Steel:modelthemselvesafterGreekandLatinauthors)

2.Sentimentalism(Gray\Goldsmith\

Richardson\Sterne:discontentwiththesocialreality“Heart”)3.Thebeginningofmodernnovel→Majornovelists:Defoe\Swift\Fielding\Richardson,4.Pre-romanticisminEnglishpoetry5.EnglishDrama(Sheridan:theschoolforScandal)2021/2/22218世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)Complex:AnageofproNeo-classicism新古典Arevivalinterestinoldclassicworks,order,logic→(modelthemselvesafterGreekandLatinauthors)1.AlexanderPope蒲伯:Heroiccouplet英雄雙韻體

2.JosephAddison艾迪生

andSirRichardSteele斯梯爾

:TheSpectator旁觀者

3.SamuelJohnson:

Dictionary2021/2/223Neo-classicism新古典2021/2/223AlexanderPope蒲柏

Neo-classicism新古典Heroiccouplet英雄雙韻體LinesofiambicpentameterrhymeinpairsPopecarriedthistoitslaststageofperfectionAnEssayonCriticism

2021/2/224AlexanderPope蒲柏Neo-classicisSentimentalismdiscontentwiththesocialrealityThomasGray格雷(poem)LaurenceSterne(novel)2021/2/225SentimentalismdiscontentwithII.ThomasGray(1716-1771)

SentimentalismThegraveyardschool墓園派

2021/2/226II.ThomasGray(1716-1771)SThebeginningofmodernnovelSmollett:FirstimportantseanovelistLaurenceSterne斯泰恩:SentimentalismSamuelRichardson理查生:

Pamela,orVirtueRewarded

《帕美拉》ClarissaHarlowe,orVirtueTriumphant

《克拉麗莎》1.DanielDefoe迪福

:RobinsonCrusoe魯賓遜漂流記Robinsonistheveryprototypeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.

2.JonathanSwift斯威夫特：amastersatiristGulliver‘sTravels格列佛游記3.HenryFielding：Fatherof

Englishnovel、ThefounderofEnglishrealisticnovelTomJones湯姆·瓊斯

2021/2/227ThebeginningofmodernnovelSRomanticisminBritainTheNewLiteraryTrend(1798---1832)1.Dissatisfactionwiththesociety(1)

Arevoltagainstit(2)

Anescapefromit2.Anintrospectionintoone’sinnerworld(attentiononspiritualandemotionallife)3.Thepassionsofmanandthebeautiesofnature4.Aperiodofpoeticalrevival2021/2/228RomanticisminBritainTheNew(1)TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.(Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,Keats)(2)TheRomanticperiodisagreatageofprose.Coleridge,Hazlitt,Lamb(3)Thisperiodisalsoagreatageofnovels.WalterScottScott’shistoricalnovelscombinearomanticatmospherewitharealisticdepictionofhistoricalbackgroundandcommonpeople’slife.Scottmarkedthetransitionfromromanticismtotheperiodrealism.2021/2/229(1)TheRomanticperiodisanWilliamBlake布萊克

Symbolism1.Theearliestpoems:Poeticalsketches素描詩集

2.SongsofInnocence天真之歌

3.Songsofexperience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌

4.famouspoem:Thetiger\London\TheChimneySweeper2021/2/230WilliamBlake布萊克Symbolism1.Th.RobertBurns(1759-1796)

2021/2/231.RobertBurns(1759-1796)202II.

Burns’Poems1.WrittenintheScottishdialectonavarietyofsubjects

PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect蘇格蘭方言詩集

2.Songsofloveandfriendship---anewspiritofromanticism“ARed,RedRose”一朵紅紅的玫瑰

3Theruraltheme/Beautiesofnature

“MyHeart’sintheHighlands”我的心呀在高原

2021/2/232II.

Burns’Poems2021/2/232SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834)柯勒律治Poeticandcritic“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner”1798古舟子詠“KublaKhan”1816忽必烈汗WordsworthandColeridge's<LyricalBallads>s抒情歌謠集2021/2/233SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1WilliamWordsworth威廉·華茲華斯Wordsworth’spoems1.“Lucy”---harmonybetweenhumanityandnature露西組詩(SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays）2.“TheSolitaryReaper”---patheticpicturesofthelabouringpeople孤寂的刈麥人3.“Iwonderedlonelyasacloud”---deeplovefornature2021/2/234WilliamWordsworth威廉·華茲華斯WordGeorgeGordon“ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage”1812恰羅德·哈羅德游記“DonJuan”1812-1823masterpiece唐·璜agreatcomicepicoftheearly19thcentury.The“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin名詩：SheWalksinBeauty;TheIslesofGreece2021/2/235GeorgeGordon“ChildeHarold’sPercyByssheShelly雪萊(1792-1822)1.“QueenMab”:麥布女王Hisfirstlongpoemexpressesalmostallhismajorpoliticalideas.2.“PrometheusUnbound”:解放了的普羅米修斯Hismasterpiece;alyricaldrama.3.Lyricsonnatureandlove:e.g.“OdetotheWestWind”;“ToaSkylark”西風(fēng)/云雀頌“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?”2021/2/236PercyByssheShelly雪萊(1792-18JohnKeats

(1795-1821)NotnobleDiedofTBDiedat252021/2/237JohnKeats

(1795-1821)NotnoblJohnKeats’sOdes

.

OdeonMelancholyItrevealsthecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransienceofhumanpassion.OdetoaNightingale夜鶯頌

ItrevealsthecontrastbetweenthehappyworldofnaturallovelinessandhumanworldofagonyOdetoAutumn秋頌

OdeonaGrecianUrn希臘古甕頌

OdetoPsyche

2021/2/238JohnKeats’sOdesOdeonMeTheDevelopmentofVictorianLiterature

→VictorianLiterature,asaproductofitsage,naturallyhaditsqualityofmagnitudeanddiversity.Itwasmany-sidedandcomplex,andreflectedbothromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople’slifeandthought.→thegreatperiodofthenovelinBritainCriticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople2021/2/239TheDevelopmentofVictorianLTheGenresofVictorianLiterature1)Thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.

CharlesDickens,

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,

CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronteElizabethGaskellGeorgeEliot2021/2/240TheGenresofVictorianLitera2021/2/2412021/2/241RobertBrowning勃朗寧

(1812-1889)themostoriginalpoet,whoimproveandmaturethedramaticmonologue戲劇獨(dú)白

2021/2/242RobertBrowning勃朗寧

(1812-1889TheBrowningsWroteanadmiringlettertoElizabethBarret(aninvalid,apoet,sixyearselder)→famousromance→secretelywedded,elopedtoItalyin1846→SonnetsFromthePortuguese(lovepoemstoherhusband)葡萄牙十四行詩Robert

Theringandbook(poeticdrama)MylastDuchess(dramaticmonologue)→Apoeminwhichasinglecharacter,addressingasilentlistener,explainshisactionsatanimportantmomentorcrisisinhislifeHomeThoughtsFromAbroad2021/2/243TheBrowningsWroteanadmiringAlfredTennyson

(1809-1892)PoetLaureateArealartist

inventsdramaticmonologue2021/2/244AlfredTennyson

(1809-1892)PoeJaneAusten簡·奧斯丁1775-1817

1.NorthangerAbbey諾桑覺寺2.SenseandSensibility理智與情感3.PrideandPrejudice傲慢與偏見4.MansfieldPark曼斯菲爾德莊園5.Emma愛瑪6.Persuasion

勸導(dǎo)

2021/2/245JaneAusten簡·奧斯丁1775-1817

1.NAusten’swritingstyle

1.Thefounderofthenovelwhichdealswithunimportantmiddle-classpeople.2.Vividpicturesofeverydaylifeofsimplecountrysociety,thesmallworldshelivedin3.Delicatedescriptionofthedailytalksanddoingsofyoungpeople4.Quietironyandanalysisofcharacter2021/2/246Austen’swritingstyle1.TheCharlesDickens(1812-1870)→oneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge→famousforhisforcefulsocialcriticism→urbanpoor(Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople)→Character-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworks→Aminglingofhumorandpathos悲傷2021/2/247CharlesDickens(1812-1870)→onCharlesDickensThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克外傳OliverTwist奧利弗·退斯特AmericanNotes美國札記TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店DombeyandSon董貝父子DavidCopperfield大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾HardTimes艱難時(shí)世ATaleofTwoCities雙城記GreatExpectation遠(yuǎn)大前程2021/2/248CharlesDickensThePosthumousThackeray(1811-63)薩克雷R(shí)epresentativeofcriticalrealism→differentfromDickens,Lessinterestedindirectsocialcriticism→Showingpeople’svanityandtheirdeludedeffortstoachievewealthandsocialstatus2021/2/249Thackeray(1811-63)薩克雷R(shí)eprese

薩克雷的主要作品ThebookofSnobs(1846-47)勢利者集VanityFair(1847-48)名利場Pendennis(1848)潘登尼斯HenryEsmond(1852)亨利愛德芒德紐卡姆一家TheNewcomes(1853)弗吉尼亞人TheVirginians(1857)

2021/2/250薩克雷的主要作品ThebookofSnobs(1VanityFair名利場★VanityFairisThackeray’smasterpiece.★Theterm"vanityfair"originatesfromtheallegoricalstoryThePilgrim'sProgress,byJohnBunyan.★Thesub-titleofthebook,“ANovelWithoutaHero”(thecharactersareallflawedtoagreaterorlesserdegree)★Thenovelsatirizessocietyinearly19th-centuryEngland

(characterisedbyhypocrisyandopportunism).2021/2/251VanityFair名利場★VanityFairisGeorgeEliot

(1819-1880)MaryAnnCrossinsightfulpsychologicalnovels（心理小說）Writingaboutlifeinsmallruraltowns,2021/2/252GeorgeEliot

(1819-1880)Mary喬治·艾略特主要作品《亞當(dāng)·比德》AdamBede(1859)《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》TheMillontheFloss(1860)《織工馬南》SilasMarner(1861)《米德爾瑪契》Middlemarch(1871-1872)----aportraitoflifeinaprovincialtown,isconsideredhermasterpiece.Asawomanofexceptional(特有的)intelligenceandlifeexperience,sheshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen

2021/2/253喬治·艾略特主要作品《亞當(dāng)·比德》AdamBede(1TheBronteSistersCharlotteBronte(1816-1855)JaneEyreShirleyProfessor

AnneBronte安妮·勃郎特AgnesGrey艾格尼斯·格雷

EmilyBronte愛米麗·勃郎特1818-1848WutheringHeights呼嘯山莊（Heathcliff）2021/2/254TheBronteSistersCharlotteBr簡·愛

JaneEyre(1847)JaneEyreMr.Rochester★

Thecentertheme:womenshouldhaveequalrightswithman.（Thepositionofwomaninsociety）★Theproblemofthebourgeoissystemofeducation;Theproblemoforphan;2021/2/255簡·愛JaneEyre(1847)JaneEyreThomasHardyWorksUndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)綠茵下FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874)遠(yuǎn)離塵囂TheReturnoftheNative(1878)還鄉(xiāng)TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886)卡斯特橋市長TessoftheD’Urbervilles(1891)德伯家的苔絲JudetheObscure(1896)無名的裘德2021/2/256ThomasHardyWorks2021/2/256HisprincipalworksaretheWessexnovels,i.e.novelsdescribingthecharactersandenvironmentofhisnativecountryside.Hetruthfullydepictstheimpoverishmentanddecayofsmallfarmers威塞克斯小說.Hispessimisticphilosophyseemstoshowthatmankindissubjectedtotheruleofsomehostileandmysteriousfate,whichbringsmisfortunetohumanlife.

2021/2/257HisprincipalworksaretheWeEnglishliteratureattheturnofthecentury→Theturnofthecentury→OscarWilde(1854-1900),→JohnGalsworthy→GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)2021/2/258EnglishliteratureattheturnOscarWilde(1854-1900),→Irishpoetanddramatist→Theliteraryschoolofdecadence→apostleofAestheticism“artforart’ssake”.(hisonlynovel)→ThePictureofDorianGray(1891)道林·格雷的畫像劇作→hiscomicmasterpiecesTheImportanceofBeingEarnest(1895)埃耐斯特的重要性

.LadyWindermere'sFan(1892)溫德米爾夫人的扇子

AnidealHusband理想丈夫

童話→"TheHappyPrince."(hisfairytalesespecially)快樂王子2021/2/259OscarWilde(1854-1900),→IrishJohnGalsworthy(1867-1933高爾斯華綏①Thefirsttrilogy“TheForsyteSaga”福爾塞世家:TheManofProperty(1906)有產(chǎn)業(yè)的人（ItwasalandmarkinthedevelopmentofGalsworthy’sart.Itestablishedhisplaceinliteratureasarepresentativeofbourgeoisrealisminthe20thcenturyEnglishnovel.）InChancery(1920)騎虎難下Tolet(1921)出租;②Thesecondtrilogy,“AModernComedy”:現(xiàn)代喜劇TheWhiteMonkey(1924)白猿TheSilverSpoon(1926)銀匙SwanSong(1928)天鵝曲2021/2/260JohnGalsworthy(1867-1933高爾斯華綏BernardShawShawwasanessay-writer，languagescholarandcritic，butisbest-rememberedasaplaywright.

problemplays.2021/2/261BernardShawShawwasanessay-BernardShaw→Widowers’Houses鰥夫的房產(chǎn)→Mrs.Warren’sProfession華倫夫人的職業(yè)→TheDevil’sDisciple魔鬼的門徒→ManandSuperman人與超人→MajorBarbara巴巴拉少校→HeartbrokenHouse傷心之家→TheAppleCart;蘋果車2021/2/262BernardShaw→Widowers’Houses鰥ABriefIntroductiontoModernEnglishLiterature※TheeffectsoftheFirstWorldWar:AnewageinEnglishliterature☆JamesJoyce☆VirginiaWoolf☆D.H.Lawrence☆W.SomersetMaugham☆JosephConrad

☆T.S.Eliot※TheeffectsoftheSecondWorldWaronEnglishliteratureWilliamGlodingDorisLessingTedHughes2021/2/263ABriefIntroductiontoModernTraditionalwriterSomewritersshowcontinuitywiththeVictoriantraditionofthenovelGeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1950），H.G.Wells（1866-1946），E.M.Forster（1879-1970）2021/2/264TraditionalwriterSomewritersH.G.Wells（1866-1946）威爾斯Wellsiscelebratedasapopularizerofscience，buthisbestnovelsexploreserioussocialandculturalthemes，科幻小說：TheTimeMachine時(shí)間機(jī)器

2021/2/265H.G.Wells（1866-1946）威爾斯WellE.M.Forster福斯特（1879-1970）APassagetoIndia印度之行

HowardsEnd

霍華德莊園

TheLongestJourney最漫長的旅程The

RoomWithAView可以遠(yuǎn)眺的房間

WhereAngelsFeartoTread天使們忘而卻步的地方2021/2/266E.M.Forster福斯特（1879-1970）APWilliamSomersetMaugham(1874-1965)毛姆Works1915—OfHumanBandage人性枷鎖1919—TheMoonandSixpence月亮與六便士1930—CakesandAle尋歡作樂1944—TheRazor’sEdge刀鋒1951—shortstories2021/2/267WilliamSomersetMaugham(1874-ArnoldBennett，1867-1931NaturalismOldWives'Tale《老婦譚》2021/2/268ArnoldBennett，1867-19312021/JosephConrad

康拉德(1857-1924)☆bybirthaPole☆☆Hisexperienceasasailormadetheseahisfavoritetheme.☆☆Conrad'snarrativesmayresembleadventurestoriesinincidentandsetting，buthisrealconcerniswithissuesofcharacterandmorality.2021/2/269JosephConrad

康拉德(1857-1924Hisworks

HeartofDarkness

黑暗的心靈LordJim

吉姆老爺AnOutcastofprogress文明的前哨

The

Chance

機(jī)緣The

Nostromo

諾斯特羅莫

ThesecretAgent間諜“TheNiggeroftheNarcissus”(1899)isamagnificentandsymbolicstoryofashipinastorm.水仙號(hào)上的黑鬼2021/2/270Hisworks

HeartofDarkness

WhilethesewritersshowcontinuitywiththeVictoriantraditionofthenovel，moreradicallymodernwritingisfoundinthenovelsofJamesJoyce（1882-1941），ofVirginiaWoolf（1882-1941），andofD.H.Lawrence（1885-1930）.WhereJoyceandWoolfchallengetraditionalnarrativemethodsofviewpointandstructure，LawrenceisconcernedtoexplorehumanrelationshipsmoreprofoundlythanhispredecessorsTheprincipalwritersofthe1920’sturnedinwardtostudythehumanmindandtheindividual’sresponsetomodernlife.2021/2/271WhilethesewritersshowcontiModernism

(1)Areactionagainstrealism(2)Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.2021/2/272Modernism(1)Areactionagains(3)Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.2021/2/273(3)Themajorthemesofthemod(4)Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective.Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual.Intheirwritings,thepast,thepresentandthefuturearemingledtogetherandexistatthesametimeintheconsciousnessofanindividual.2021/2/274(4)ThemodernistwritersconcJamesJoyce(1882-1941)喬伊斯IrishnovelistSecondonlytoShakespeareinhismasteryoftheEnglishlanguagedefinitelyestablished“streamofconsciousness”asavalidwayofwritingfiction.2021/2/275JamesJoyce(1882-1941)喬伊斯IrisHisworks1914—Dubliners短篇小說集（都柏林人）,shortstoriesaboutthehardlifeofpoorpeopleinDublin1916–APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan青年藝術(shù)家的畫像,anovelwhichislargelyautobiographical,aboutaboygrowingupinDublin.1922–Ulysses尤利西斯,anovelaboutthreemaincharactersinDublin,toldentirelythrough“streamofconsciousness”1939—Finnegan’sWake芬尼根的覺醒,along,extremelydifficultbook,writteninmanylanguages,withmanylayersofsymbolism,fullofpuns,linguisticgymnasticsanddeepcomplicatedphilosophy：2021/2/276Hisworks1914—Dubliners短篇小說集（都☆stream-of-consciousness，orinterior-monologue:aliterarydevicethatrendersallthethoughts，feelings，andsensationsofacharacterwithscrupulouspsychologicalrealism.☆epiphanyJoyceemployedsymbolstocreatewhathecalledan“epiphany，”therevelationofanemotionalorpersonaltruth.2021/2/277☆stream-of-consciousness，oriVirginiaWoolf(1882-1941)NovelistandcriticLeaderofthe“BloomsburyGroup”1922—Jacob’sRoom1925—Mrs.Dalloway達(dá)洛威夫人1927–TotheLighthouse到燈塔去1929—ARoomofOne’sOwn1931—TheWaves浪1937—TheYears1939—BetweentheActs幕間散文集2021/2/278VirginiaWoolf(1882-1941)NoveD.H.Lawrence(1885-1930)勞倫斯DavidHerbertLawrenceOneofthemostoriginalandcontroversialwritersoftheearly20thcentury2021/2/279D.H.Lawrence(1885-1930)勞倫斯DaviHismajorworks1910----ThewhitePeacock白孔雀1913—SonsandLovers兒子與情人1915—TheRainbow虹1921—WomenInLove戀愛中的婦女1923—Kangaroo1926—ThePlumedSerpent1928—LadyChatterly’sLover查泰萊夫人的情人

2021/2/280Hismajorworks1910----ThewhPoemof20thcenturyWilliamButlerYeats葉芝Irishwriterwhoisconsideredamongthegreatestpoetsofthe20thcentury.TheWindingStair盤旋的樓梯

T.S.Eliot艾略特詩集：PrufrockandOtherObservation普魯夫洛克及其他;TheWasteLand荒原

2021/2/281Poemof20thcenturyWilliamBuWilliamGolding(1911-1993)戈?duì)柖innerofthe1983NobelPrizeNovelist,essayist,poetTheLordoftheFlies（1954）TheInheritors繼承人2021/2/282WilliamGolding(1911-1993)戈?duì)柖TedHughs特德·休斯1930-

TheHawkintheRain雨中鷹（poem）RichardLessing多麗絲·萊辛1919-

TheFour-gatedCity四門城);TheGoldenNotebook金色筆記

2021/2/283TedHughs特德·休斯1930-

TheSelectedreadingsInEnglishAndAmericanLitercaturesTracy_08232021/2/284SelectedreadingsInEnglishAPartoneOldandMedievalEnglishLiterature

1.OldEnglishPoetryand“Beowulf”(貝爾武夫)“Beowulf”→thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonandEnglishpeople→Alliteration(頭韻）2.MiddleEnglishLiteratureandtheCanterburyTales①TheRomance(describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero)②GeoffreyChaucer→the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”,→“TheCanterburyTales”isChaucer’smasterpiece(storiesnarratedbyPilgrims)→heintroducedrhymedcouplettoEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.(Couplet:Astanzaoftwolines,usuallyrhyming.)2021/2/285PartoneOldandMedievalEnglKingArthurArthurandHisRoundTableKnights2021/2/286KingArthur2021/2/23SirGawainandtheGreenKnights2021/2/287SirGawainandtheGreenKnighTheRenaissanceRenaissance(1485—1660)→TheBackground:thesocietywasinitstransitionfromthefeudalismtocapitalism.

→Revivalorrebirthofclassicalarts,cultureandphilosophyafterthedarkagesofmedieval→Thekeywordforitishumanism,emphasizedsecularconcerns,expresstheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie.→Shakespeare,Spenser,andMarloweareallfamousliteraryfiguresinthisperiod

2021/2/288TheRenaissanceRenaissance(14Utopia(socialism)ThedefinitionofUtopiais"noplace."ThomasMore(1478-1535)2021/2/289Utopia(socialism)ThomasMoreEdmundSpenser

(1552-1599)TheshepheardesCalwnderTheFaerieQueene2021/2/290EdmundSpenser

(1552-1599)2021ChristopherMarlowe

(1564-1593)1.Universitywits,thegreatestpioneerofEnglishdrama2.a)Tamburlaineb)DoctorFaustusc)thejewofmalta3.Verseconsistingofunrhymedlines,usuallyofiambicpentameter.無韻詩，素體詩2021/2/291ChristopherMarlowe

(1564-1593FrancisBacon培根

(1561-1626)2021/2/292FrancisBacon培根

(1561-1626)2II.Bacon’sworks“AdvancementofLearning”學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn):“NewInstrument”:新工具theinductivemethodofreasoning 3.“NewAtlantics”:anidealsociety新大西島4.“Essays”/58essays論說文集 Awidevarietyofsubjects:love,truth,friendship,beauty,studies,riches… Hisstyle:clearness,brevity,forceofexpression☆hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose2021/2/293II.Bacon’sworks2021/2/210WilliamShakespeare2021/2/294WilliamShakespeare2021/2/211thegreatestEnglishpoetanddramatist

①154sonnets,②37plays,including14comedies,12tragedies,and11historicalplays,③2longpoems.Butforsuchagreatwriter,wehaveverylittledefiniteknowledgeabouthislife.2021/2/295thegreatestEnglishpoetandShakespeare’sTragedies(1)Hamlet

(2)Othello

(3)KingLear(4)Macbeth

2021/2/296Shakespeare’sTragedies2021/2/

<TheMerchantofVenice>topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality(Shylock)<Hamlet>hesitatebetweenfactandfiction,languageandactionTobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction

Soliloquyor