考研考博-英語-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.

問題1選項

A.TheMississippianculture

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes

問題2選項

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

問題3選項

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershedC

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

問題4選項

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

問題5選項

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes可知是在講述Mississippianculture，因此選項A符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文段一開始就提到了theMoundBuilderculture在不斷衰退，由此可推測該文段之前的內(nèi)容是在講述該文化，因此選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文段第二句話中的關(guān)鍵信息tothewest…wasbeginningtoflourish，該文化指的是Mississippianculture，由此可知相對于Mississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculture位于東邊，選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes，可知選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces可知選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

問題1選項

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。conspiracy意為“陰謀”；contradiction意為“矛盾”；contention意為“論點，爭論”；controversy意為“公開辯論，論戰(zhàn)”。

句意：過去十年中關(guān)于干細(xì)胞研究的爭論是科學(xué)史上最激烈的論戰(zhàn)之一。

3.單選題

MyfirstencounterwiththeinternationalartistandartcriticFairfieldPorterwasactuallythroughthepoetryofhiswife,Anne(Channing)Porter.Whilebothgrewtobecomequitecelebratedintheircrafts,Fairfield’sstoryisunique.

Bornintoanaffluent,artisticfamilyin1907,theboywhowasonedaybecomearenownedartistandrespectedartcriticshowedacomparativelackofartisticabilitywhenseennexttohissiblings.WhilehisolderbrotherEliottooktophotography,FairfieldPorter,despitebeingremarkablyintelligent,appearedtobelackinganynaturalartistictalents.Itseemedthat,althoughamemberofafamilyfullofartists,histrueskilllayinthecritiquingofothers’artistry.ThiswasevidencedinhissecondyearatHarvardbyFarfield’sdecisiontopursuearthistoryashismajorfieldofstudy.AfterstudyingatHarvardunderArthurPopeandthentravelingbrieflythroughEurope,FairfieldcamebacktotheUnitedStatestofurtherhiseducationattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.TherehebecameacquaintedwiththefamedphotographerAlfredStieglitz—theworkofwhomissaidtohavepositivelyinfluencedFairfield’spaintingstosomedegree.

Betweentheyears1931and1932,FairfieldspentthemajorityofhistimeinItalylearningtoappreciateandcritiquetheworksofthegreatRenaissancepainters.Histrainingcamefrombothdirectstudyunderworld-famousarthistorianBernardBerenson,andfromcountlesshoursspentinmuseumsandgalleriesobservingthegreatestpiecesofItalianart.

FollowinghismarriagetoAnneuponhisreturnfromItaly,Fairfieldspentthebetterpartofthenexttwodecadesdevelopinghisskillsasapainterwhilecaringforhisautisticson.DuringthisperiodhismeetingswiththeFrenchIntimistpainterWillemDeKooningwouldprovetohaveaprofoundeffectonhislaterworks.PorterwasthefirsttopubliclyacclaimtheworkofKooning.

Infact,whatmadePortersofamouswashisknackforrespondingdirectlytoanartist’swork.Hefoundfaultwiththecommon“talkbased”criticismthatspoketoartonlyinreferencetoitspastortosomevaguetheoreticalframework;suchcriticismattemptedtoshapethefutureofartandwasfartoobiasedforPorter.HistimeasanartcriticforsuchpublicationsasArtNewsandTheNationended,however,in1961whenhedecidedtopursueafull-timepaintingcareer.

Theothersideofhisfame,hisuncommonapproachtopainting,isjustasimportanttotheunderstandingofFairfieldPorter’scontributionstotheworldofart.Hispersonalphilosophycomesfromablendingoftwoviews;artshouldbepersonal,emotional,andrepresentativeofitssubject,whileatthesametimebeboldlycolorful,expressive,andgenerallyabstract.Drawingonhisvastknowledgeofarthistory,especiallythestylesofFrenchIntimism,Porterfusedthesetwofeelingstocreateapowerful,emotivecollectionofpaintingsaboutfamilies,individuals,andthehome,aswellasmovingnaturescenessuchasTheDoortotheWoods(1971)andMaine—TowardtheHarbor(1967).

Whenhediedin1975,onamorningwalkalongtheocean,helefttheworldasoneofthemostrespectedartcriticsinthepastcentury.Ontopofthat,hisworkasapainterisstillviewedwithintheartcommunityasamazinglydistinctiveandespeciallyrepresentativeofhislife.Itissadtosaythatnow,however,somethirtyyearsafterhisdeath,heisstillvirtuallyunknownoutsideofartcircles.Thisremarkablyinsightful,articulate,creativeindividualneedstobediscoveredbythecommonmanandreveredforhiscontinuinginfluenceontheartistsoftoday.Thewordsofthisintellectualweresomeofthebestandmosthonestcritiquesofarteverspoken.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.

問題1選項

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’works

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorter

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartwork

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareer

問題2選項

A.detachedinterest

B.amusedtolerance

C.warmappreciation

D.deepabhorrence

問題3選項

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.

問題4選項

A.stirring

B.vivid

C.trite

D.individualistic

問題5選項

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawhole

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopic

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassage

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpoint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.1.這篇文章的主要目的可以被描述為試圖______。

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’worksA.解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorterB.說明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對波特作品的影響

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartworkC.評價波特不同尋常的繪畫和評論藝術(shù)品的方法

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareerD.記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念

【答案】D

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，全文主要記錄了藝術(shù)批判家波特的一生，并且介紹了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入話題，第二至四段介紹了波特的成長背景以及職業(yè)生涯中的經(jīng)歷，第四段倒數(shù)第二句還提到“他與法國畫家威廉˙德˙庫寧的會面對他后來的作品產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響”；最后三段講述了波特能夠成名的原因，一是他能夠直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家的作品，二是他有不尋常的繪畫方式；綜上所述，可推斷這篇文章的主要目的是介紹波特的一生，尤其是記錄那些塑造他的職業(yè)生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，該題選擇D項“記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力”、B項“說明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對波特作品的影響”和C項“評價波特不同尋常的繪畫和評論藝術(shù)品的方法”表述片面，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.2.作者對文章主題的態(tài)度可以用______來描述。

A.detachedinterestA.超然的興趣

B.amusedtoleranceB.有趣的寬容

C.warmappreciationC.熱情的欣賞

D.deepabhorrenceD.深惡痛絕

【答案】C

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】全文講述了波特求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣賞。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遺憾的是，在他去世大約30年后的今天，他在藝術(shù)界之外仍然默默無聞。這個極富洞察力、能言善辯、富有創(chuàng)造力的人需要被普通人發(fā)現(xiàn)，并因其對當(dāng)今藝術(shù)家的持續(xù)影響而受人尊敬?！笨梢钥闯觯髡邔@個藝術(shù)家的態(tài)度是欣賞的，而這篇文章的主題就是這個藝術(shù)家。因此，該題選擇C項“熱情的欣賞”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“超然的興趣”和B項“有趣的寬容”在文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有；

D項“深惡痛絕”由解題思路可知，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?3.如文中所述，波特批評藝術(shù)的方法可以用以下哪一種陳述來總結(jié)？

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.A.波特的批評是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對他正在評估的藝術(shù)品的評價。

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.B.波特批評藝術(shù)基于繪畫的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評價中最有用。

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.C.波特的批評可以與伯納德˙貝倫森的批評相媲美，貝倫森對波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.D.波特批評藝術(shù)的目的是通過影響藝術(shù)家的作品來幫助他們。

【答案】A

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段前兩句“事實上，讓波特如此出名的是他直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家作品的技巧。他對常見的‘以談話為基礎(chǔ)’的批評提出了異議，這種批評只針對藝術(shù)的過去或一些模糊的理論框架；這些批評試圖塑造藝術(shù)的未來，但對波特來說，這些批評太偏頗了。”可知波特的藝術(shù)批評方法是直接的，并且對以“談話為基礎(chǔ)”的批評提出了異議，也就是說波特評價作品是基于藝術(shù)作品本身，而不參考作品的背景和模糊的理論。A項“波特的批評是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對他正在評估的藝術(shù)品的評價”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“波特批評藝術(shù)基于繪畫的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評價中最有用”由解題思路可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“波特的批評可以與伯納德?貝倫森的批評相媲美，貝倫森對波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響”與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

D項“波特批評藝術(shù)的目的是通過影響藝術(shù)家的作品來幫助他們”在文中沒有提及，無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.4.波特的繪畫風(fēng)格除了______以外，可以用以下所有的方式來描述。

A.stirringA.激動人心的

B.vividB.生動的

C.triteC.陳腐的

D.individualisticD.個人主義的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞paintingstyle定位至倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)最后兩句“他的個人哲學(xué)來自兩種觀點的融合；藝術(shù)應(yīng)該是個人化的、情緒化的、有代表性的，同時也應(yīng)該是豐富多彩的、有表現(xiàn)力的、抽象的。利用豐富的藝術(shù)史知識，特別是法國情感畫家的風(fēng)格，波特將這兩種感覺融合在一起，創(chuàng)造了一個關(guān)于家人、個人和家庭的強(qiáng)有力的、充滿情感的繪畫集合，以及感人的自然場景。”可知，波特的繪畫風(fēng)格是強(qiáng)有力的、充滿情感的，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于家庭、個人、家庭以及感人的自然場景。只有C項“陳腐的”不符合原文對波特繪畫風(fēng)格的描述，但符合題干。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A項“激動人心的”、B項“生動的”和D項“個人主義的”由解題思路可知，這三項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.5.沒有第一段，文章將失去______。

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawholeA.這篇文章的整體概述

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopicB.一個簡短的介紹和到主題的過渡

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassageC.與文章相關(guān)的重要細(xì)節(jié)

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpointD.對作者觀點背后邏輯的解釋

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的內(nèi)容“我第一次接觸到國際藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)評論家費爾菲爾德?波特，實際上是通過他的妻子安妮?波特的詩作。雖然兩人都在各自的行業(yè)中變得非常有名，但費爾菲爾德的故事卻是獨一無二的?！笨芍?，第一段是作為對全文的引語，通過作者與波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下來對波特的敘述。因此，該題選擇B項“一個簡短的介紹和到主題的過渡”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“這篇文章的整體概述”從第一段的內(nèi)容來看，該段并不是文章的總體概述，該項屬于曲解原文；

C項“與文章相關(guān)的重要細(xì)節(jié)”和D項“對作者觀點背后邏輯的解釋”由解題思路可知，第一段只是作為引語，所以這兩項屬于曲解原文。

4.單選題

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（）.

2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom（）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat（）.

4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項

A.Theevolutionofmuseums

B.Collectionandcollectors

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下一段的內(nèi)容可以推測，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)是獻(xiàn)給繆斯的任何東西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書?！庇纱丝芍x項D正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴(kuò)大，作為補(bǔ)充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”,而是“特定場地的”,被認(rèn)為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了“museum”一詞的演變及其現(xiàn)代意義的由來，所以選項A最能概括本文主旨。

5.單選題

Frankstormedintotheroomand（）thedoor,butitwasn’tthateasytoclosethedooronwhatJackhadsaid.

問題1選項

A.slashed

B.slammed

C.slipped

D.slapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項slashed“削減”；B選項slammed“砰地關(guān)上，猛烈抨擊”；C選項slipped“滑動”；D選項slapped“侮辱，拍擊，摑……耳光”。句意：弗蘭克沖進(jìn)房間，_____的一聲關(guān)上了門，但要把杰克說的話關(guān)起來可不容易。這里是“砰的一聲把門關(guān)上的意思”，只有B選項可以表達(dá)這個意思，B選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Youshouldtryto（

）yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

問題1選項

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。reserve意為“預(yù)定，儲存，保留”；restrain意為“抑制，壓抑”；retain意為“保持”；reclaim意為“開拓，開墾”。

句意：你應(yīng)該控制你的野心，更現(xiàn)實一點。

7.單選題

Hearrivedhome（

）teainthegarden.

問題1選項

A.findingthemalltohave

B.findingthemallhaving

C.tofindthemalltohave

D.tofindthemallhaving

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞用法。句意：他回到家（發(fā)現(xiàn)）他們都在花園里喝茶。這里后面意思表示結(jié)果，不定式todo作狀語表出人意料，令人失望的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞doing作結(jié)果狀語表自然而然的結(jié)果。這里只是喝茶沒有令人失望，所以排除C、D選項。doing表現(xiàn)在，todo表將來，他回家的時候一定是他們正在喝茶，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery（）forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

問題1選項

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hostile敵對的;anxious焦慮的;tedious單調(diào)乏味的,沉悶的;obscure模糊的,隱蔽的。句意：對于19世紀(jì)的工廠工人來說,一周工作80個小時,幾乎沒有什么樂趣,生活一定很乏味。選項C更符合句意。

9.單選題

Theymanagedto（）thesoundonTVeverytimetheallegedvictim'snamewasspoken.

問題1選項

A.deaden

B.deprive

C.punctuate

D.rebuff

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deaden“使減弱，隔阻”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”；punctuate“加標(biāo)點于”；rebuff“回絕”。句意：每次說到受害者名字時，他們設(shè)法把電視機(jī)聲音調(diào)小。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Theuniquehumanhabitoftakinginandemployinganimals—evencompetitorslikewolves—spurredonhumantool-makingandlanguage,whichhavebothdrivenhumanity’ssuccess,PatShipmansays,paleoanthropologistofPennStateUniversity.“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals,”Shipmansaid.

Forearlyhumans,takinginandcaringforanimalswouldseemlikeapoorstrategyforsurvival.“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.”Shipmansaid.Butit’snotsoweirdinthecontextsomethingelsehumansweredoingabout2.6millionyearsago:switchingfromamostlyvegetariandiettoonerichinmeat.Thishappenedbecausehumansinventedstonehuntingtoolsthatenabledthemtocompetewithothertoppredators.Quitearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.Soweinventedtheequipment,learnedhowtotrackandkill,andeventuallytookinanimalswhoalsoknewhowtohunt—likewolvesandothercanines.Others,likegoats,cowsandhorses,providedmilk,hairand,finally,hidesandmeat.

Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry,saidPeterRicherson,professoremeritus(名譽(yù)退休的)intheDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Oneofthesignsthatthishappenedisinpetroglyphs(史前巖畫)andotherrockartleftbyancientpeoples.Atfirsttheywereabstract,geometricpatternsthatareimpossibletodecipher(破譯).Thentheyconvergeononesubject:animals.

Therehavealsobeengeneticchangesinbothhumansandouranimals.Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits,likeacowthatgivesmoremilkorahenthatlaysmoreeggs.Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.Dogs,forinstance,mighthavebeenselectivelytakeninbyhumanswhosharedgenesformorecompassion.Thosehumansthenprosperedwiththedogs’helpinhuntingandsecuringtheirhomes.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutanimals?（）

32.WhydidShipmansaytakinginanimalisapoorstrategyforsurvival?（）

33.Whydidlanguageshavetodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges?（）

34.WhatdowelearnfromthestatementofPatShipmanandPeterRicherson?（）

35.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?（）

問題1選項

A.Animalshavedrivenhumanity’ssuccess.

B.Tool-makingandlanguageareuniquelyhumanhabits.

C.Employingwolvesisuniquelyhumanhabit.

D.Peoplelivewithanimalseverywhere.

問題2選項

A.Earlyhumanswerepoorinsurvivalresources.

B.Takinginanimalwasaveryweirdbehavior.

C.Earlyhumansdidn’tknowhowtotrackandkill.

D.Earlyhumansswitchedfromavegetariandiettomeat.

問題3選項

A.Earlyhumansshouldhavecommunicationintrackinggame.

B.Languagecanenablehumanstocompetewithothertoppredators.

C.Animalsshouldunderstandtheordersgivenbyhumans.

D.Languagecouldgivearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.

問題4選項

A.Caringforanimalsseemedcommonafterpeopleinventedtools.

B.Afterlanguagedevelopedearlyhumanslearnedhowtotrackandkill.

C.Managingandtrackinganimalsaretheoriginofmodernscience.

D.Languagedevelopedfromabstracttospecificbecauseofanimals.

問題5選項

A.Animalschangesaredevelopedbythemselves.

B.Humanbredanimalsforspecificgenes.

C.Evolutionaryinfluenceworksonbothhumansandanimals.

D.Genescouldmakethedogshelppeopleinhunting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

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